Note: Title -- Preface -- Organization -- Table of Contents -- Part I: Rough Sets and Its Generalizations -- A Characterization of Rough Separability -- Introduction -- Rough Sets and Indiscernibility Relations -- Rough Separability and Pseudometric Spaces -- Pseudometrics Determined by Families of Sets -- Equivalence of Pseudometric Spaces -- Conclusions -- References -- Data-Driven Valued Tolerance Relation -- Introduction -- Valued Tolerance Relation -- Data-Driven Valued Tolerance Relation -- Calculation of Tolerance Degree -- Auto-selection of Threshold -- Experiment Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Optimistic Multi-Granulation Fuzzy Rough Set Model Based on Triangular Norm -- Introduction -- The Rough Set Based on Triangular Norm -- Optimistic Multi-Granulation Fuzzy Rough Set Based on Triangular Norm -- Conclusions -- References -- Rough Set Model Based on Hybrid Tolerance Relation -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Strong and Weak Indiscernibility Relations -- Incomplete Information System and Tolerance Relations -- Weak Tolerance Relations -- Hybrid Tolerance Relation and Decision Rule -- Hybrid Tolerance Relation -- Decision Rule -- Conclusions -- References -- Scalable Improved Quick Reduct: Sample Based -- Introduction -- Overview of IQRA and IQRA_IG Algorithms -- Proposed SGIQRA_IG Algorithm -- Experiments and Results -- Analysis of Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Soft Rough Sets Based on Similarity Measures -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Analysis of Soft Rough Approximations -- Soft Fuzzy Rough Sets Based on Similarity Measures -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Theory of Truth Degrees in Three Valued Formed System RSL -- Introduction -- Basic of Rough Set and Formed System RSL -- The Theory of Truth Degree -- Similarity Degree and a Pseudo-metric among Formulas -- Conclusion -- References. , Upper Approximation Reduction Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy T Equivalence Information Systems -- Introduction -- Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Sets and Intuitionistic Fuzzy T Equivalence Information Systems -- Upper Approximation Reduction in IF T Equivalence Information Systems with Decision -- An Illustrated Example -- Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Rough Sets in Data and Knowledge Processing -- A Fuzzy-Rough Sets Based Compact Rule Induction Method for Classifying Hybrid Data -- Introduction -- Preliminary Notion of Rough Sets Based Rule Induction Method -- Fuzzy Rough Sets Based Compact Rule Learner -- Experiments and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- A New Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Set Approach for Decision Support -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach -- Intuitionistic Fuzzy Theory -- Uncertain Rule Induction -- Believe Factor -- Measurements -- Believable Rule Induction -- Illustrative Example -- Decision Table and Rough Approximations -- Believable Rule Induction -- Verification of Sorting Capability -- Conclusion -- References -- A New Rule Induction Method from a Decision Table Using a Statistical Test -- Introduction -- Model of Data Generation -- Proposal of Rule Estimation Method by Statistical Test -- Algorithm for Rule Induction -- Experimental Studies -- Conclusions -- References -- A Rough Neurocomputing Approach for Illumination Invariant Face Recognition System -- Introduction -- Rough Set Theory (RST) -- Proposed RNRS Architecture -- Design of ADNN -- Approximation Neuron -- Decider Neuron -- Architecture of ADNN -- Experimental Results -- Conclusion -- References -- An Approximation Decision Entropy Based Decision Tree Algorithm and Its Application in Intrusion Detection -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Approximation Decision Entropy -- Decision Tree Algorithm DTADE. , Experimental Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Application of Rough Set Theory to Prediction of Antimicrobial Activity of Bis-quaternary Ammonium Chlorides -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Material -- Discovery of Decision Rules Using DRSA -- Attribute Relevance -- Results and Discussion -- References -- Classification and Decision Based on Parallel Reducts and F-Rough Sets -- Introduction -- F-Rough Sets and Parallel Reducts -- Three Types of Classification(Decision) Based on Parallel Reducts and F-Rough Sets -- Specific Decision Subsystem -- Decision Subsystem Selected Randomly -- Deciding by a Majority Vote -- Conclusion -- References -- Evidential Clustering or Rough Clustering: The Choice Is Yours -- Introduction -- Similarities between ECM and RKM -- Strengths of ECM -- Strengths of RKM -- Conclusion -- References -- Heuristic for Attribute Selection Using Belief Discernibility Matrix -- Introduction -- Rough Set Theory -- Belief Function Theory -- Heuristic for Attribute Selection Method Using Belief Discernibility Matrix -- Uncertain Decision Table -- Feature Selection with Johnson´s Heuristic Algorithm -- Belief Discernibility Matrix -- Belief Rough Set Classifier -- Experimental Results -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Incremental Rules Induction Based on Rule Layers -- Introduction -- Rough Sets and Probabilistic Rules -- Rough Set Theory -- Probabilistic Rules -- Problems in Incremental Rule Induction -- Theory for Incremental Learning -- Both: Negative -- R: Positive -- d: Positive -- d: Positive -- Updates of Accuracy and Coverage -- An Algorithm for Incremental Learning -- Algorithm -- Experimental Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Optimization of Inhibitory Decision Rules Relative to Length and Coverage -- Introduction -- Nonredundant Decision Rules -- Directed Acyclic Graph (T). , Procedures of Optimization Relative to Length and Coverage -- Experimental Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Parallelized Computing of Attribute Core Based on Rough Set Theory and MapReduce -- Introduction -- Parallel Algorithm for Computing Attribute Core Based on Rough Set and MapReduce -- Experiments and Discussion -- Case Study -- Comparative Experiments for Efficiency of the Proposed Algorithm -- Conclusion -- References -- Semi-supervised Vehicle Recognition: An Approximate Region Constrained Approach -- Introduction -- Semi-supervised Learning Based on Approximate Region Constraints (SsL-ARC) -- SsL-ARC Algorithm Framework -- Approximate Region Constraints -- Experiments -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Knowledge Technology -- A Color Image Segmentation Algorithm by Integrating Watershed with Region Merging -- Introduction -- Watershed Algorithm -- Merger of the Image Regions -- Distance Metric between Graph Regions -- Merger Algorithm of the Image Regions -- Experimental Results and Analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- A Mixed Strategy Multi-Objective Coevolutionary Algorithm Based on Single-Point Mutation and Particle Swarm Optimization -- Introduction -- Multi-Objective Optimization Problems -- Multi-Objective Coordination Operator Evolutionary Programming Based on Single Point and PSO Operator -- Mixed Strategy -- Maintenance of External Archive -- Algorithm Description -- The Experimental Results -- Experiment Setting -- Results and Analysis -- Summary -- References -- A Novel Distributed Machine Learning Method for Classification: Parallel Covering Algorithm -- Introduction -- Covering Algorithm Overview -- Learn Procedure -- Classification -- Parallel Covering Algorithm -- Experiments and Analysis -- Uniprocessor Environment -- Multi-core Parallel Computing Environment -- Conclusion -- References. , A Spatial Clustering Method for Points-with-Directions -- Introduction -- Related Work -- Points-with-Directions Clustering -- Problem Definition -- Spatial Clustering Method for Points-with-Directions -- The Limitations of PDC -- PDC+ -- Experimental Evaluation -- Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- An Argumentation Framework for Non-monotonic Reasoning in Description Logic -- Introduction -- The Description Logic ALC -- Defeasible ALC -- Inductive Terminologies -- Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Analysis of Symmetry Properties for Bayesian Confirmation Measures -- Introduction -- Preliminaries -- Property of Bayesian Confirmation -- Properties of Symmetry -- A New Set of Symmetry Properties -- Conclusions -- References -- Applying Verbal Decision Analysis in Selecting Specific Practices of CMMI -- Introduction -- Verbal Decision Analysis: Overview and Application -- Conclusions, Future Works and Acknowledgment -- References -- Belief Networks in Classification of Laryngopathies Based on Speech Spectrum Analysis -- Introduction -- Laryngopathy Data -- Theoretical Foundations of BeliefSEEKER -- Experiments -- Conclusions -- References -- Comparing Similarity of Concepts Identified by Temporal Patterns of Terms in Biomedical Research Documents -- Introduction -- A Method for Analyzing Distances on Taxonomy and Temporal Patterns of Term Usage -- Obtaining Temporal Patterns of Data-Driven Indexes Related to Term Usages -- Defining Similarity of Terms on a Structured Taxonomy -- Analyzing Similarity of Terms in Temporal Patterns of Medical Research Documents -- Analysis of Disease over Time -- Obtaining Temporal Patterns of Medical Terms about Migraine Drug Therapy Studies -- Similarity of the Terms in Obtained Temporal Patterns on MeSH -- Conclusion -- References. , Extracting Incidental and Global Knowledge through Compact Pattern Trees in Distributed Environment.