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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (16)
  • Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,  (2)
  • The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)  (2)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decoding the Mechanisms of Antikythera Astronomical Device. (2015)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Engineering. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (286 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662484470
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=4068779
    DDC: 681.111
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 A Sketch of Ancient Western Astronomy -- 1.1 Historical Development of Western Astronomy -- 1.1.1 Egyptian Civilization -- 1.1.2 Mesopotamian Civilization -- 1.1.3 Aegean Civilization -- 1.1.3.1 Minoan and Mycenaean Civilization -- 1.1.3.2 Dark Age -- 1.1.3.3 Classical Age -- 1.1.3.4 Ionia School -- 1.1.3.5 Pythagoras School -- 1.1.3.6 Plato School -- 1.1.3.7 Hellenistic Age -- 1.2 Astronomical Cycles and Calendars -- 1.2.1 Egyptian Calendar -- 1.2.2 Metonic Cycle -- 1.2.3 Callippic Cycle -- 1.2.4 Saros Cycle -- 1.2.5 Exeligmos Cycle -- 1.3 Ancient Astronomical Theories -- 1.3.1 Solar Theory -- 1.3.2 Lunar Theory -- 1.3.3 Planetary Theory -- 1.4 Remarks -- References -- 2 Ancient Astronomical Instruments -- 2.1 Classifications Based on Functions -- 2.1.1 Observation Application -- 2.1.2 Measuring Position and Distance Application -- 2.1.3 Measuring Time Application -- 2.1.4 Computing Application -- 2.1.5 Demonstration Application -- 2.2 Jacob's Staff -- 2.3 Astrolabe -- 2.4 Sundial -- 2.5 Calendrical Device -- 2.5.1 Astrolabe with Calendrical Gearing -- 2.5.2 Sundial with Calendrical Gearing -- 2.6 Planetarium, Astrarium, and Astronomical Clock -- 2.7 Orrery -- 2.8 Comparisons of Astronomical Instruments -- 2.9 Remarks -- References -- 3 Amazing Discovery of Archaeology -- 3.1 Origination and Process of the Discovery -- 3.1.1 Historical Background of Salvage -- 3.1.2 Story of the Antikythera Finding -- 3.2 Introduction of the Excavations -- 3.3 Known Antikythera Astronomical Device -- 3.3.1 Front Plate -- 3.3.2 Back Plate -- 3.3.3 Display Pointers -- 3.3.3.1 Axial Rotation -- 3.3.3.2 Radial Rotation -- 3.3.3.3 Axial Rotation and Radial Sliding -- 3.3.4 Interior Structure of Mechanisms -- 3.4 Relative Historical Background and Records -- 3.5 Remarks -- References -- 4 Modern Reconstruction Research. , 4.1 Early Mentions -- 4.2 Reconstruction Work by Price -- 4.3 Reconstruction Work by Edmund and Morgan -- 4.4 Reconstruction Work by Wright -- 4.5 Reconstruction Work by Freeth et al. -- 4.6 Others' Research After AD 2000 -- References -- 5 Reconstruction Design Methodology -- 5.1 Reconstruction Research -- 5.2 Reconstruction Design Methodology -- 5.2.1 Design Specifications -- 5.2.2 Generalized Chains -- 5.2.3 Specialized Chains -- 5.2.4 Reconstruction Designs -- 5.3 Historical Archives of Antikythera Device -- 5.3.1 Detected Evidence -- 5.3.2 Decoded Information -- 5.3.3 Ancient Astronomy -- 5.3.4 Ancient Astronomical Instruments -- 5.3.5 Modern Kinematic and Mechanism Analyses -- 5.4 Reconstruction Research by Yan and Lin -- 5.4.1 Concepts of Mechanical Designs -- 5.4.1.1 Mechanical Members -- Link or Kinematic Link (KL) -- Gear (KG) -- 5.4.1.2 Joints -- Revolute Joint (JR) -- Pin-in-Slot Joint (JA) -- Gear Joint () -- 5.4.1.3 Degrees of Freedom -- 5.4.1.4 Topological Structure -- 5.4.2 Date Subsystem -- 5.4.3 Eclipse Prediction Subsystem -- 5.4.4 Calendrical Subsystem -- 5.4.5 Lunar Subsystem -- 5.4.6 Solar Subsystem -- 5.4.7 Planetary Subsystem -- 5.4.8 Summary -- 5.5 Comparisons Among Different Reconstruction Researches -- 5.5.1 Comparison with Price's Design -- 5.5.2 Comparison with Edmund and Morgan's Design -- 5.5.3 Comparison with Wright's Design -- 5.5.4 Comparison with the Design of Freeth et al. -- 5.6 Remarks -- References -- 6 Reconstruction Designs of the Calendrical Subsystem -- 6.1 Historical Archives of the Calendrical Subsystem -- 6.2 Design Process of the Calendrical Subsystem -- 6.2.1 Design Specifications -- 6.2.2 Generalized Chains -- 6.2.3 Specialized Chains -- 6.2.3.1 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 6.2.3.2 Callippic Cycle Link (Member 5) -- 6.2.3.3 Olympiad Cycle Link (Member 4) -- 6.2.3.4 Input Link (Member 2). , 6.2.3.5 Metonic Cycle Link (Member 3) -- 6.2.3.6 Transmission Link (Link 6) -- 6.2.4 Reconstruction Designs -- 6.2.4.1 Tooth Calculation of the Feasible Designs -- Feasible Reconstruction Design of Fig. a -- Feasible Reconstruction Design of Fig. b -- 6.3 Remarks -- References -- 7 Reconstruction Designs of the Lunar Subsystem -- 7.1 Historical Archives of the Lunar Subsystem -- 7.1.1 Kinematic Analysis of the Lunar Theory -- 7.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of Epicyclic Gear Trains -- 7.2 Design Process of the Lunar Subsystem -- 7.2.1 Design Specifications -- 7.2.2 Generalized Chains -- 7.2.3 Specialized Chains -- 7.2.3.1 Pin-in-Slot Device (Members 3, 5, and 6, and Joint JA) -- 7.2.3.2 Anomalistic Link (Member 4) -- 7.2.3.3 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 7.2.3.4 Sidereal Link and Output Link (Members 2 and 7) -- 7.2.3.5 Revolute Joints (Joints JR) -- 7.2.3.6 Gear Joints (JG) -- 7.2.4 Reconstruction Designs -- 7.3 Remarks -- References -- 8 Reconstruction Designs of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.1 Historical Archives of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.1.1 Possible Arrangements of the Driving Power -- 8.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of the Solar Theory -- 8.1.3 Eccentric System of the Solar Motion -- 8.1.4 Epicyclic System of the Solar Motion -- 8.1.4.1 Four-Bar Mechanism with 5 Joints -- 8.1.4.2 Five-Bar Mechanism with 7 Joints -- 8.2 Design Process of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.1 Type 1 Design of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.2 Type 2 Design of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.3 Type 3 Design of the Solar Subsystem -- 8.2.3.1 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 8.2.3.2 Input Link (Member 2) -- 8.2.3.3 Output Link (Member 3) -- 8.2.3.4 Transmission Links (Members 4 and 5) -- 8.2.3.5 Pin-in-Slot Joint (Joint JA) -- 8.2.3.6 Revolute Joints (Joint JR) -- 8.2.3.7 Gear Joints (Joint JG) -- 8.3 Remarks -- References -- 9 Reconstruction Designs of the Planetary Subsystem. , 9.1 Historical Archives of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.1.1 Type 1 Design: Mechanism with One Gear Joint -- 9.1.2 Type 2 Design: Mechanism with Two Gear Joints -- 9.1.2.1 All Planet Gears Are Adjacent to Each Other by a Gear Joint -- 9.1.2.2 Two Planet Gears Are Adjacent to Each Other by a Pin-in-Slot Joint -- 9.2 Design Process of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.2.1 Type 1 Design of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.2.2 Type 2 Design of the Planetary Subsystem -- 9.2.2.1 Ground Link (Member 1) -- 9.2.2.2 Output Link (Member 3) -- 9.2.2.3 Input Link (Member 2) -- 9.2.2.4 Transmission Links (Members 4 and 5) -- 9.2.2.5 Pin-in-Slot Joint (Joint JA) -- 9.2.2.6 Gear Joints (Joint JG) -- 9.2.2.7 Revolute Joints (Joint JR) -- 9.3 Remarks -- References -- 10 Reconstruction Designs of the Moon Phase Display Device -- 10.1 Historical Archives of the Moon Phase Display Device -- 10.1.1 Related Evidence and Available Designs -- 10.1.2 Possible Driving Power Arrangements -- 10.1.3 Possible Design Types -- 10.2 Design Process of the Moon Phase Display Device -- 10.2.1 Example 1: Ordinary Gear Trains -- 10.2.2 Example 2: Epicyclic Gear Trains with 1-DOF -- 10.2.3 Example 3: Epicyclic Gear Trains with 2-DOF -- References -- 11 Assembly Work and Models -- 11.1 Complete Interior Mechanisms -- 11.1.1 Assembly Constraints of the Lost Mechanisms -- 11.1.1.1 Driving Power of Lost Mechanisms -- 11.1.1.2 Gear Sizes -- 11.1.1.3 Types of Planets -- 11.1.1.4 Epicyclic System of Superior Planets -- 11.1.2 Assembly Work -- 11.2 3D Reconstruction Model -- 11.2.1 Tooth Calculation -- 11.2.1.1 Calendrical Subsystem -- 11.2.1.2 Solar Subsystem -- 11.2.1.3 Planetary Subsystem -- 11.2.2 Detail Designs of Gears -- 11.2.3 Space Arrangement -- 11.2.4 Simulation Model -- References -- Appendix A All 48 Feasible Designs of CompleteInterior Mechanisms -- Appendix B Detailed Design of Model 9. , Index.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advances in Machine Learning and Cybernetics : 4th International Conference, ICMLC 2005, Guangzhou, China, August 18-21, 2005, Revised Selected Papers. (2006)
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Details
    Keywords: Machine learning -- Congresses. ; Cybernetics -- Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (1128 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783540335856
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series ; v.3930
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=3067690
    DDC: 006.31
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Table of Contents -- Author Index.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The NMR-Spectroscopic and X-ray Crystal-Structural Characterization of Two Cp*Ir Halfsandwich Complexes Containing the 1,2-Dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-1,2-diselenolato Ligand (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 873-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Iridium ; Selenium ; Diselenolenes ; Carboranes ; X-ray crystal structure analysis ; NMR spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of [Cp*IrCl2]2 with dilithium 1,2-ortho-carborane-1,2-diselenolate 3 leads to the green 16-electron diselenolene complex [Cp*Ir{Se2C2(B10H10)}] (4) which takes up two-electron ligands such as trimethylphosphane to give the 18-electron diselenolate derivative [Cp*Ir(PMe3){Se2C2(B10H10)}] (5). The molecular structures of 4 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The 77Se-nuclear shielding in 4 is lower by almost 500 ppm relative to that in 5.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Comparative analysis of bacteria associated with different mosses by 16S rRNA and 16S rDNA sequencing (2016)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-08-13
    Description: To understand the differences of the bacteria associated with different mosses, a phylogenetic study of bacterial communities in three mosses was carried out based on 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing. The mosses used were Hygroamblystegium noterophilum , Entodon compressus and Grimmia montana , representing hygrophyte, shady plant and xerophyte, respectively. In total, the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), richness and diversity were different regardless of the moss species and the library level. All the examined 1183 clones were assigned to 248 OTUs, 56 genera were assigned in rDNA libraries and 23 genera were determined at the rRNA level. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were considered as the most dominant phyla in all the libraries, whereas abundant Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were detected in the rDNA library of Entodon compressus and approximately 24.7% clones were assigned to Candidate division TM7 in Grimmia montana at rRNA level. The heatmap showed the bacterial profiles derived from rRNA and rDNA were partly overlapping. However, the principle component analysis of all the profiles derived from rDNA showed sharper differences between the different mosses than that of rRNA-based profiles. This suggests that the metabolically active bacterial compositions in different mosses were more phylogenetically similar and the differences of the bacteria associated with different mosses were mainly detected at the rDNA level. Obtained results clearly demonstrate that combination of 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequencing is preferred approach to have a good understanding on the constitution of the microbial communities in mosses.
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Isolation and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Rhododendron microphyton (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: Four new iridoids, incarvoids D–F ( 1 – 3 , resp.) and incarvoid B 9- O - β - D -glucopyranoside ( 4 ), and one new monoterpenoid, argutoid B ( 5 ), along with 14 known compounds, were isolated from Rhododendron microphyton. Their structures were established by comprehensive 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 6
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    Lysosome-mediated degradation of a distinct pool of lipid droplets during hepatic stellate cell activation [Metabolism] (2017)
    The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-29
    Description: Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a critical step in the development of liver fibrosis. During activation, HSCs lose their lipid droplets (LDs) containing triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesteryl esters, and retinyl esters (REs). We previously provided evidence for the presence of two distinct LD pools, a preexisting and a dynamic LD pool. Here we investigate the mechanisms of neutral lipid metabolism in the preexisting LD pool. To investigate the involvement of lysosomal degradation of neutral lipids, we studied the effect of lalistat, a specific lysosomal acid lipase (LAL/Lipa) inhibitor on LD degradation in HSCs during activation in vitro. The LAL inhibitor increased the levels of TAG, cholesteryl ester, and RE in both rat and mouse HSCs. Lalistat was less potent in inhibiting the degradation of newly synthesized TAG species as compared with a more general lipase inhibitor orlistat. Lalistat also induced the presence of RE-containing LDs in an acidic compartment. However, targeted deletion of the Lipa gene in mice decreased the liver levels of RE, most likely as the result of a gradual disappearance of HSCs in livers of Lipa−/− mice. Lalistat partially inhibited the induction of activation marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in rat and mouse HSCs. Our data suggest that LAL/Lipa is involved in the degradation of a specific preexisting pool of LDs and that inhibition of this pathway attenuates HSC activation.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB)
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  • 7
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    Expression of FGF4 mRNA is mediated by mating behaviours in mice (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-22
    Description: In mammals, breeding is preceded by species-specific mating behaviours. In this study, we investigated whether parthenogenetic embryo quality could be improved by mating behaviours in mice. To investigate this hypothesis, female mice were mated with vasectomized Kunming white male mice after superovulation. Oocytes were collected and counted at 16 h after superovulation. The oocytes were then artificially activated by medium containing 10 mM strontium chloride and 5 µg/ml cytochalasin B. Blastocysts were obtained by cultivating activated oocytes in vitro . Expression levels of reprogramming transcription factors (i.e. Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc ) in oocytes, apoptosis-related genes (i.e. Bax, Bcl2 and c-Myc) in cumulus cells and pluripotency-related transcription factors (i.e. Oct4, Nanog and FGF4 ) in blastocysts were analysed in samples collected from mated and unmated mice. Additionally, developmental competence of parthenogenetic embryos was used to assess following fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) treatment. The results showed that the formation rate of blastocysts in unmated mice was significantly higher than that in mated mice ( p  〈 0.05). Embryo development was primarily blocked at the eight-cell stage in mated mice; however, the blastocyst formation rate did not differ significantly between groups after the addition of 25 ng/ml FGF4 to the medium at the four-cell stage ( p  〉 0.05). Moreover, the expression of the reprogramming factor Sox2 was significantly different in oocytes collected from mated versus unmated mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that mating behaviours influenced embryonic development in vitro by decreasing FGF4 expression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0263-6484
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-0844
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 8
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    Oral vaccination with inhibin DNA delivered using attenuated Salmonella choleraesuis for improving reproductive traits in mice (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-10-05
    Description: The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of a novel inhibin vaccine containing inhibin α (1–32) fragments in mice. A recombinant plasmid pVAX-asd-IS was constructed by inserting recombinant inhibin α (1–32) and the hepatitis B surface antigen S into the plasmid in which the asd gene, rather than the kanamycin gene, was a selection marker. Ninety Kuming mice were divided into six groups consisting of 15 mice each. First group was (C1) injected with 200 µl of PBS, second (C2) received 1 × 10 10 CFU of crp − / asd − C500/pVAX-asd and served as vector control, third did not receive any treatment (C3), while fourth, fifth, and sixth group received 1 × 10 10 , 1 × 10 9 , 1 × 10 8 CFU of the recombinant inhibin vaccine crp − / asd − C500/pVAX-asd-IS (group T1, T2, T3), respectively. Western blotting demonstrated that recombinant expressed inhibin protein possessed immune function and that this plasmid could replicate for up to 40 generations stably. Vaccination with this strain at a dose of 1 × 10 10 CFU/200 µl per mouse induced high anti-inhibin antibody levels, significantly increased large-follicle production in T1 group ( p  〈 0.05) and average litter size ( p  〉 0.05) compared with control groups. Integration studies showed no evidence of inhibin fusion gene integrated into mice's genome 2-month after immunization. These results suggest that the vaccine described in the present study may provide a safe method to improve reproductive traits in animals. A trend towards increased litter size and significant increase in large follicle population depict that this vaccine may have direct application in large animal industry.
    Print ISSN: 0233-111X
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4028
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 9
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    Genetic research and structural dysplasia assessment of anorectal malformations in neonatal male rats induced by di(n-butyl) phthalate (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: ABSTRACT This study was the first to investigate the genetic abnormalities and structural dysplasia of anorectal malformations (ARMs) in male rats induced by di( n -butyl) phthalate (DBP). DBP was administered to timed-pregnant rats to establish the ARM rat model. The incidence of ARMs in male offspring was 39.5%. In neonatal period, decreased body weight and anogenital distance were observed. The general image and histological analysis of male offspring confirmed the presence of ARMs. Anatomical examination of the ARM male rats revealed the dysplasia in solid organs (heart-lung, liver, spleen, and kidney). The decreases of serum testosterone concentration and androgen receptor expression in terminal rectum were indicative of the antiandrogenic effects of DBP. Moreover, significant decreased mRNA expressions of these androgen-related genes such as sonic hedgehog, Gli2, Gli3, bone morphogenetic protein 4, Wnt5a, Hoxa13, Hoxd13, fibroblast growth factor 10, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 were found in terminal rectum of the ARM male pubs. These results demonstrated that development of ARM rats was impaired by maternal exposure to DBP. The antiandrogenic effects of DBP disturbing the androgen-related signaling networks might play an important role in the occurrence of ARMs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2014.
    Print ISSN: 1520-4081
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-7278
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    A New Triterpene and Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Pteroxygonum giraldii (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-19
    Description: A chemical investigation of the roots of Pteroxygonum giraldii led to the isolation of a new arborane-type triterpene, pteroxygonumnol A ( 1 ), a new myricetin glycoside, myricetin 3- O - β - D -galactopyranoside 3′- O - β - D -xylopyranoside ( 2 ), and a group of phenolic lipids, 3 – 6 , along with four known phenolic compounds, (−)-epigallocatechin, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, gallic acid, and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses.
    Print ISSN: 0018-019X
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-2675
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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