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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Carbohydrate drugs. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (116 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783662468487
    Series Statement: Springer Theses Series
    DDC: 547.78
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Supervisor's Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Chemical Synthesis of Proposed RM2 and Derivatives -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Glycosphingolipids -- 1.1.2 Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigens -- 1.1.3 RM2 Antigen ( beta 1,4-GalNAc-Disialyl-Lc4) as a New Marker for Prostate Cancer -- 1.2 Chemical Synthesis of Hexasaccharide RM2 and Its Derivatives -- 1.2.1 Design of Sugar Building Blocks -- 1.2.2 Syntheses of Sialyated Trisaccharide Building Block 1-D -- 1.2.3 Synthesis of Galactose Building Block 1-5 -- 1.2.4 Synthesis of Sialylated Trisaccharide Building Block 1-2 -- 1.2.5 Synthesis of GlcNAc Building Block 1-12 -- 1.2.6 Synthesis of Trisaccharide 1-2 -- 1.2.7 Synthesis of Disaccharide 1-17 -- 1.2.8 Examine Synthesis of Hexasaccharide -- 1.2.9 Hexasaccharide RM2 Antigen: Investigate Sial alpha 2 2192 3Gal Disaccharide with High alpha -Stereoselectivity and Yield -- 1.2.10 Syntheses of Truncated RM2 Derivatives 1-44, 1-46, 1-48, and 1-50 -- 1.3 Summary -- 1.3.1 Experimental Section -- References -- 2 RM2 Antigen: Structural Characterization and Determination of KD,Surf for Multivalent Carbohydrate--Protein Interaction -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 A Novel Ganglioside (RM2) Isolated from Renal Cell Carcinoma -- 2.2 Characterize the Structure of RM2 Antigen by Monoclonal RM2 Antibody and Further Determine the KD,Surf by Carbohydrate--Protein Interaction -- 2.2.1 Structural Characterization of RM2 Antigen -- 2.2.2 Determination of KD,Surf for Multivalent Carbohydrate--Protein Interaction on the Surface -- 2.3 Summary -- 2.4 Experimental Section -- References -- 3 RM2 Antigen: Synthesis of Glycoconjugates -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines -- 3.1.2 Applications of Glycolipids as Immunological Adjuvants -- 3.2 Generation and Characterization of RM2 Glycoconjugate. , 3.2.1 Synthesis of DT-RM4.7 as a Vaccine Candidate with Glycolipid C34 as a Potent Adjuvant -- 3.2.2 Search for the Best Epitope Ratio of DT-RM Vaccine Adjuvanted with C34 -- 3.2.3 Synthesis of RM2 Conjugated with Different Carrier Proteins -- 3.3 Summary -- 3.4 Experimental Section -- References -- 4 Synthesis of Heptasaccharide RM2 Prostate Tumor Antigen: Chemical Synthesis of Heptasaccharide and Tetrasaccharide (Inner Core of the RM2 Antigen) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.1.1 Heptasaccharide Form and Hexasaccharide Form of RM2 Antigen -- 4.2 Chemical Synthesis of Proposed Heptasaccharide -- 4.2.1 Chemical Synthesis of Heptasaccharide 3-5 and Tetrasaccharide 3-6 -- 4.2.2 Synthesis of Galactose Building Block 4-4 -- 4.2.3 Synthesis of Disaccharide Building Block 4-9 -- 4.2.4 Synthesis of Sialylated Tetrasaccharide Building Block 4-2 -- 4.2.5 Synthesis of Compound 4-2 -- 4.3 Summary -- 4.4 Experimental Section -- References.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2013-06-25
    Description: This paper is concerned with the problem of robust filter design for networked control systems (NCSs) with random missing measurements. Different from existing robust filters, the proposed one is designed in finite-frequency domain. With consideration of possible missing data, the NCSs are first modeled to Markov jump systems (MJSs). A finite-frequency stochastic performance is subsequently given that extends the standard performance, and then a sufficient condition guaranteeing the system to be with such a performance is derived in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI). With the aid of this condition, a procedure of filter synthesis is proposed to deal with noises in the low-, middle-, and high-frequency domains, respectively. Finally, an example about the lateral-directional dynamic model of the NASA High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2013-06-19
    Description: The observer-based robust control for a class of switched fuzzy (SF) time-delay systems involving uncertainties and external disturbances is investigated in this paper. A switched fuzzy system, which differs from existing ones, is firstly employed to describe a nonlinear system. Next, a combined switching controller is proposed. The designed controller based on the observer instead of the state information integrates the advantages of both the switching controllers and the supplementary controllers but eliminates their disadvantages. The proposed controller provides good performance during the transient period, and the chattering effect is removed when the system state approaches the origin. Sufficient condition for the solvability of the robust control problem is given for the case that the state of system is not available. Since convex combination techniques are used to derive the delay-independent criteria, some subsystems are allowed to be unstable. Finally, various comparisons of the elaborated examples are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design approach.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-07-11
    Description: Joints often have important effects on seepage and elastic properties of jointed rock mass and therefore on the rock slope stability. In the present paper, a model for discrete jointed network is established using contact-free measurement technique and geometrical statistic method. A coupled mathematical model for characterizing anisotropic permeability tensor and stress tensor was presented and finally introduced to a finite element model. A case study of roadway stability at the Heishan Metal Mine in Hebei Province, China, was performed to investigate the influence of joints orientation on the anisotropic properties of seepage and elasticity of the surrounding rock mass around roadways in underground mining. In this work, the influence of the principal direction of the mechanical properties of the rock mass on associated stress field, seepage field, and damage zone of the surrounding rock mass was numerically studied. The numerical simulations indicate that flow velocity, water pressure, and stress field are greatly dependent on the principal direction of joint planes. It is found that the principal direction of joints is the most important factor controlling the failure mode of the surrounding rock mass around roadways.
    Print ISSN: 1110-757X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-0042
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-05-23
    Description: Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a new class of single-hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFN), which is simple in theory and fast in implementation. Zong et al. propose a weighted extreme learning machine for learning data with imbalanced class distribution, which maintains the advantages from original ELM. However, the current reported ELM and its improved version are only based on the empirical risk minimization principle, which may suffer from overfitting. To solve the overfitting troubles, in this paper, we incorporate the structural risk minimization principle into the (weighted) ELM, and propose a modified (weighted) extreme learning machine (M-ELM and M-WELM). Experimental results show that our proposed M-WELM outperforms the current reported extreme learning machine algorithm in image quality assessment.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-09-10
    Description: A new car following model considering the effect of average speed information of preceding vehicles group in real traffic is presented. Based on the new car following model, a new macro model for traffic flow is proposed employing the relationship between the micro and macro variables. The linear stability condition of the macro model is obtained by using the linear stability theory. The numerical tests show that the new model can not only simulate the dynamic process of shock, rarefaction wave, and small perturbation, but also can further stabilize the traffic flow.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-05-29
    Description: Objective. To explore the association of hypermethylation of the proenkephalin gene (ppENK) with pancreatic carcinoma and to identify the effects of a demethylating agent on pancreatic cell lines. Method. Human pancreatic cancer tissues and five pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, as well as normal pancreatic tissue, were used. ppENK methylation status was detected by MS-PCR (methylation-specific PCR). Results. Methylation of ppENK was detected in 90.3% (28/31) of the human pancreatic carcinoma tissues but was not seen in normal pancreatic tissue. There was no correlation between the extent of methylation of ppENK and the clinicopathological features of the pancreatic carcinomas. Methylated ppENK was detected in all the pancreatic cancer cell lines and was associated with loss of mRNA expression in the pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and normal pancreatic tissue. After treatment with 5-aza-dC, methylated ppENK was not detected and the inhibition of ppENK mRNA expression was reversed. Conclusions. Inhibition of ppENK expression by a change in its methylation status plays an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. ppENK methylation is thus an important molecular event that distinguishes pancreatic carcinoma tissue from normal pancreatic tissue. Effects on cell growth, apoptosis, and the cell cycle may contribute to changes of ppENK methylation status.
    Print ISSN: 1687-6121
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-630X
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-12-13
    Description: This paper addresses the problem of designing robust tracking controls for a class of switched fuzzy (SF) systems with time delay. A switched fuzzy system, which differs from existing ones, is firstly employed to describe a nonlinear system. Next, a fast switching controller consisting of a number of simple subcontrollers is proposed. The smooth transition is governed by using the fast switching controller. Tracking hybrid control schemes which are based upon a combination of the H∞ tracking theory, fast switching control algorithm, and switching law design are developed such that the H∞ model referent tracking performance is guaranteed. Since convex combination techniques are used to derive the delay independent criteria, some subsystems are allowed to be unstable. Finally, various comparisons of the elaborated examples are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design approach. All results illustrate good control performances as desired.
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    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2013-04-19
    Description: This paper is concerned with delay-dependent stochastic stability for time-delay Markovian jump systems (MJSs) with sector-bounded nonlinearities and more general transition probabilities. Different from the previous results where the transition probability matrix is completely known, a more general transition probability matrix is considered which includes completely known elements, boundary known elements, and completely unknown ones. In order to get less conservative criterion, the state and transition probability information is used as much as possible to construct the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and deal with stability analysis. The delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the stability of systems. Finally, numerical examples are exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Print ISSN: 1024-123X
    Electronic ISSN: 1563-5147
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2014-08-11
    Description: We investigate the relations between black hole thermodynamics and holographic transport coefficients in this paper. The formulae for DC conductivity and diffusion coefficient are verified for electrically single-charged black holes. We examine the correctness of the proposed expressions by taking charged dilatonic and single-charged STU black holes as two concrete examples, and compute the flows of conductivity and diffusion coefficient by solving the linear order perturbation equations. We then check the consistence by evaluating the Brown-York tensor at a finite radial position. Finally, we find that the retarded Green functions for the shear modes can be expressed easily in terms of black hole thermodynamic quantities and transport coefficients.
    Print ISSN: 1687-7357
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-7365
    Topics: Physics
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