Description: In this paper the concepts of permafrost conditions in the Laptev Sea region are presented with special attention to the following results: It was shown, that ice-bearing and ice-bonded permafrost exists presently within the coastal lowlands and under the shallow shelf. Open taliks can develop from modern and palaeo river taliks in active fault zones and from lake taliks over fault zones or lithospheric blocks with a higher geothermal heat flux. Ice-bearing and ice-bonded permafrost, as well as the zone of gas hydrate stability, form an impermeable regional shield for groundwater and gases occurring under permafrost. Emission of these gases and discharge of ground-water are possible only in rare open taliks, predominantly controlled by fault tectonics. Ice-bearing and ice-bonded permafrost, as well as the zone of gas hydrate stability in the northern region of the lowlands and in the inner shelf zone, have preserved during at least four Pleistocene climatic and glacio-eustatic cycles. Presently, they are subject to degradation from the bottom under the impact of the geothermal heat flux.

Description: An integrated cryolithological-isotope-geochemical study was undertaken at five sites in the Arctic within the framework of a three-year INTAS project. The conclusion based on geochemical analyses is that at the Asian westernmost Yugorsky to the easternmost Chukotka, marine sedimentation changed to subaerial followed by permafrost and massive ice formation due to the regression of the polar basin. Burial of the surface ice was possible, mainly in the mountainous areas of the Arctic coasts, i.e. the Urals and Chukotka.

Description: Results of a five-year investigation of permafrost and gas-hydrate stability zone evolution on the Laptev and East Siberia Seas shelf are presented. For investigation of permafrost and gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) evolution during the Middle Pleistocene– Holocene (last 400 ka), a palaeo-geographic scenario and numerical model were developed. The model takes into consideration the duration of permafrost agradation and degradation, existence of permafrost temperature zonality, different geological composition and geothermal heat flux in different geological structures etc. Based on the modelling the following conclusions can be made. Both offshore permafrost and GHSZ recently exist from the shoreline till to the upper part of continental slope. Delay of the maximal permafrost thickness relative to the climatic extremes and different evolution of offshore permafrost thickness and GHSZ at different seawater depths is shown.

Description: Arctic permafrost coasts are eroding at rates similar or greater than temperate coasts and release large quantities of organic carbon and nitrogen previously stored in permafrost. Estimates of organic carbon fluxes from ice-rich permafrost coasts of the Laptev Sea, where data is scarce, differ widely with estimates varying by two orders or magnitude. Here, we used high resolution datasets on coastal erosion, cryostratigraphy, organic carbon and geomorphology from the Bykovsky Peninsula, in the southern Laptev Sea, to compute below ground organic carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes of organic carbon from the coast for the current period and the next hundred years. Frozen deposits of the peninsula contain 141.6 Tg of organic carbon, a number 27% lower than what it would contain if the surface had not been affected by permafrost thaw in the past. An additional 44.0 Tg of organic carbon is contained under the peninsula below current sea level. The current fluxes of organic carbon from the peninsula are estimated at 0.058 Tg C a-1 and future fluxes at 0.067 Tg C a-1, or even at 0.085 Tg C a-1 if below sea level organic carbon stocks are included in the calculation. Extrapolation of these measurements to the entire Yedoma coast of the Laptev Sea gives an maximum annual flux of organic carbon from coastal erosion of 6.95 Tg C a-1, which ranges between the previously published minimum and maximum estimations for the same area.s

Description: The transition from onshore to offshore permafrost during periods of low relative sea level rise is often the result of coastal retreat. Along the Laptev Sea coastline, ice-rich syngenetic permafrost is particularly susceptible to erosion due to changing climate, and coastal retreat floods about 10 km2 of permafrost each year. Changes to permafrost immediately after flooding provide an opportunity to study the mechanism of submarine permafrost degradation in general. Recent studies have drawn a link between observed methane release on the Laptev Sea shelf and surmised permafrost degradation. We combine direct observations of permafrost and methane to investigate the possibility of methane release from permafrost as a source. Our studies focus on a site in Buor Khaya Bay in the central Laptev Sea, for which coastal retreat rates have been studied. Following geophysical reconnaissance, we drilled a 52 m deep core in the near-shore zone of the eastern shore of Buor Khaya Bay and measured the permafrost temperature in the resulting borehole. Comparison of the submarine permafrost temperature to temperatures on land reveal warming of permafrost by 8 to 10 °C over a period of less than a millennium. During this time, the top of the ice-bearing permafrost (IBPF) degraded from 0 to 28.8 m b.s.l. at the borehole site, a mean degradation rate of almost 3 cm per year. Geoelectric resistivity measurements corroborate this observation and show a decline of the IBPF with increasing distance from shore. Similar to many other Siberian locations, the deeper permafrost at the study site contained less organic carbon by orders of magnitude when compared to the overlying syngenetic ice complex deposits. The same held true for methane concentrations in the frozen permafrost. Our data suggest that these comparatively low concentrations of methane are oxidized in the sediment column upon thawing. Analyses of the sediment and pore water chemistry demonstrate that sea water is probably advected to the IBPF, which contributes to permafrost degradation and provides sulfate for methane oxidation at the top of the thawing permafrost.