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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientational order and disorder in solid C60: theory and diffraction experiments (1995)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 365-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Starting from a microscope model of the intermolecular potential, a unified description is presented of the Bragg scattering law in the orientationally disordered and in the ordered phase of solid C60. The orientational structure factor is expanded in terms of symmetry-adapted surface harmonics. The expansion coefficients are calculated from theory and compared with experiment. Their temperature evolution is studied in the disordered phase at the 260 K transitions and in the ordered phase. In the ordered phase, new results from high-resolution neutron powder diffraction are given. In the disordered phase, space group Fm\bar 3m, the reflections have A1g symmetry; in the ordered phase, space group Pa\bar 3, reflections of T2g symmetry appear and in addition the A1g reflections are renormalized. The orientational density distribution is calculated. The effective crystal-field potential is constructed, its temperature evolution in the ordered phase is studied and related to the occurrence of an orientational glass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108767394013280
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    A distinct vagal anti-inflammatory pathway modulates intestinal muscularis resident macrophages independent of the spleen (2014)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    In: Gut
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-06
    Description: The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP) has been proposed as a key mechanism by which the brain, through the vagus nerve, modulates the immune system in the spleen. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces intestinal inflammation and improves postoperative ileus. We investigated the neural pathway involved and the cells mediating the anti-inflammatory effect of VNS in the gut. The effect of VNS on intestinal inflammation and transit was investigated in wild-type, splenic denervated and Rag-1 knockout mice. To define the possible role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), we used knockout and bone marrow chimaera mice. Anterograde tracing of vagal efferents, cell sorting and Ca 2+ imaging were used to reveal the intestinal cells targeted by the vagus nerve. VNS attenuates surgery-induced intestinal inflammation and improves postoperative intestinal transit in wild-type, splenic denervated and T-cell-deficient mice. In contrast, VNS is ineffective in α7nAChR knockout mice and α7nAChR-deficient bone marrow chimaera mice. Anterograde labelling fails to detect vagal efferents contacting resident macrophages, but shows close contacts between cholinergic myenteric neurons and resident macrophages expressing α7nAChR. Finally, α7nAChR activation modulates ATP-induced Ca 2+ response in small intestine resident macrophages. We show that the anti-inflammatory effect of the VNS in the intestine is independent of the spleen and T cells. Instead, the vagus nerve interacts with cholinergic myenteric neurons in close contact with the muscularis macrophages. Our data suggest that intestinal muscularis resident macrophages expressing α7nAChR are most likely the ultimate target of the gastrointestinal CAIP.
    Keywords: GUT Recent advances in basic science
    Print ISSN: 0017-5749
    Electronic ISSN: 1468-3288
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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