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  • Blackwell Science Ltd  (34)
  • BMJ Publishing Group  (21)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of models for characterizing the distribution of radionuclides with depth in soils (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: It is common practice to fit mathematical models to radionuclide activity–depth profiles in soils in order to quantify rates of vertical migration through the soil profile. We have fitted six such models to 21 different activity–depth profiles of radiocaesium (137Cs) derived from Chernobyl and determined relations between the models and the values of their parameters. The advection and dispersion parameters obtained using four solutions to the advection–dispersion equation (each based on different initial and boundary conditions or different simplifications) are in good agreement. We further develop a relation between parameter values obtained using the advection–dispersion models and those determined by a simpler exponential function of the form Aexp(–Bt) where t is the time and A and B are parameters to be estimated. One of the advection–dispersion models proved to be significantly better than the others in terms of goodness-of-fit, versatility and ease of use. A simple model, using calculations based on measured characteristics of the activity–depth profile, was shown to accord well with parameters derived from more complex models based on statistical curve fitting. We have also evaluated the ‘residence time’ or ‘compartmental’ model approach to characterizing radionuclide activity–depth profiles. We relate such models to a numerical solution of a simple advection equation, and we show that apparent dispersion in compartmental models is an artefact of numerical dispersion, which can be quantified by the Courant condition. For activity profiles that have a significant advection component, using solutions to the advection–dispersion equation, we have observed a strong positive correlation between advection and dispersion in the profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.1999.00233.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple equation for simulating C decomposition in a multi-component pool of soil organic matter (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 56 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Partitioning carbon (C) pools presents theoretical and practical challenges in soil modelling. In most current models, organic matter (OM) is commonly divided into a number of pools using data-fitting techniques. It is often not possible to measure the properties of each pool of soil C simulated in this way. Furthermore, there is no effective way in current soil models to properly simulate inputs of OM with variable qualities in terms of decomposability. Here, we describe a simple model, taking the OM as a whole and assuming a rate constant function changing exponentially with time, to simulate C decomposition in a multi-component OM pool. The model requires fewer parameters to be estimated than current multi-component models, and the simulated properties of OM are measurable. When changing the quantity and the quality of OM input, the model produces results similar to multi-component models, but avoids the difficulty and uncertainty of OM partitioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2005.00717.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abdominal radical trachelectomy: a fertility-preserving option for women with early cervical cancer (2005)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 112 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abdominal radical trachelectomy is a fertility-preserving alternative to radical hysterectomy or chemoradiation for young women with stage IA2 to IB cervical cancers. Thirty-three patients were offered this procedure. The mean age was 30.5 years (range 23–37). Three procedures were abandoned because of positive pelvic nodes (two patients) and involvement of the margin between the amputated cervix and uterine fundus (one patient). Of the remaining 30 patients, 10 had stage IA2 tumours, 15 had stage IB1 and 5 had stage IB2. During follow up of a median of 47 months (mean 32 months, range 14–75 months), no recurrences have been detected. A normal menstrual pattern resumed within eight weeks of surgery in all but two patients. Five patients attempted to conceive. Three women have fallen pregnant, resulting in one first trimester miscarriage and two caesarean section deliveries at term. Our experience suggests that abdominal radical trachelectomy provides a method of treating women with stage IA2 to IB cervical cancers with conservation of fertility without apparently compromising recurrence or survival rates. It appears to provide equivalent oncological safety to a standard Wertheim hysterectomy using a technique familiar to all practising gynaecologic oncologists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00421.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning fibreoptic endoscopy (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the extent to which learning fibreoptic nasotracheal endoscopy first helped anaesthetists to learn fibreoptic orotracheal endoscopy later, and vice versa. After preliminary training on a bronchial tree model, 30 anaesthetic trainees were randomly allocated to the nasal first/oral second group, who performed 10 nasal intubations followed by 10 oral intubations, or the oral first/nasal second group, who performed 10 oral intubations followed by 10 nasal intubations, in anaesthetised, ASA group I or II patients undergoing elective oral or general surgery. Each type of endoscopy was taught in a standard manner, with the aid of an endoscopic video-camera system, under the supervision of experienced instructors. Performing nasal endoscopy second (average 70.8 s) took significantly less time than performing it first (average 84.4 s) and performing oral endoscopy second (average 35.2 s) took significantly less time than performing it first (average 48.5 s). The mean (SD) total endoscopy time for all the endoscopies (both nasal and oral) in the nasal first/oral second group [1196 (162) s] was not significantly different from that for all the endoscopies in the oral first/nasal second group [1193 (188) s]. Because there is no advantage or disadvantage to be gained in starting to learn either type of endoscopy first, graduated training programmes can be planned according to the availability of suitable patients for fibreoptic intubation, without instructors needing to consider whether trainees make better progress if they learn one technique before the other.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01625.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Who to report to the Coroner? A survey of intensive care unit directors and Her Majesty's Coroners in England and Wales (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We performed a postal survey to assess the ability of intensive care unit directors and Her Majesty's Coroners to recognise deaths that should be reported to the local coroner. The survey questionnaire consisted of 12 hypothetical case scenarios. Coroners were significantly better at identifying reportable deaths than intensive care unit directors (median correct recognition scores of 11 (interquartile range 9.25–11) vs. 8 (interquartile range 7–10), respectively, p 〈 0.01). Deaths associated with an accident, medical treatments, industrial disease, neglect and substance abuse were significantly under-reported by intensive care unit directors (p 〈 0.01). Results show that significant numbers of deaths on intensive care units in England and Wales may not be being referred for further investigation, and that wide variation in local coroners' practices exists. Improvements in postgraduate medicolegal education about deaths reportable to a coroner are required. National regulations need to be more detailed and standardised so that regional variation is eliminated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03445.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The obstructed airway in head and neck surgery (2000)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01333.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Educational Case Report Cervical cytology through the looking glass (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 11 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 25-year-old woman underwent a routine cervical smear that was reported as showing borderline change. Six months later when 6 months pregnant she had a repeat smear. This is shown in Figure 1 (Pap., original mag. × 600.)What is your opinion? For the correct answer please read the Educational Case Report (page 54).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2000.00222.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with squamous cell carcinoma: a 12-year study in Southampton and South-west Hampshire (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with squamous cell carcinoma: a 12-year study in Southampton and South-west Hampshire In a 12-year study of the population of Southampton and South-west Hampshire (SSWH), there was no rise or fall in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, although the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma fell from 14 to 7.2 per 100 000 women years and the overall fall in age-adjusted incidence of cervical carcinoma was commensurate with that of England and Wales. The majority (59%) of adenocarcinomas were seen in women aged less than 50, supporting the concept of a higher risk in young women. Screen-detected carcinomas accounted for 50% of adenocarcinomas and 41% of squamous cell carcinomas in women aged 20–64 (the difference was not significant). There were more screen-detected adenocarcinomas of less than 3 mm depth of invasion and 7 mm lateral extension during the third period of the study (1991–1993). The results are consistent with reports of an increased risk of cervical cancer in women born since 1940, and lesser effectiveness of screening in preventing adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma. High prevalence of early screen-detected carcinomas may have been a factor in recent reports of increased incidence of adenocarcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2001.00288.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid pre-screening: a validated quality assurance measure in cervical cytology (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We present the results of 3 years' experience of rapid pre-screening in cervical cytology. In our laboratory we rapidly pre-screen all smears. The performance of each primary screener can be assessed. In addition, the relative sensitivity and specificity of each rapid pre-screener can itself be continuously monitored using the final report as a yardstick. In our laboratory individual sensitivity of rapid pre-screening for the detection of high-grade abnormalities was in the range of 44–90% with an overall laboratory sensitivity of 69%. Specificity was in the range of 94–99% with an overall laboratory specificity of 98%. Rapid pre-screening allows checking of the checkers and pathologists and tends to promote uniformity in the assessment of smear adequacy. This form of continuous quality assurance is practical, convenient and acceptable to staff.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2003.00062.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can British terminology in cervical cytology survive liquid-based cytology? (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cytopathology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2303.2001.00300.x
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