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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1H-nmr studies on the structure of a new thionin from barley endosperm (1995)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 36 (1995), S. 751-763 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new thionin from barley, ω-hordothionin, has been shown to exist in aqueous solution as a mixture of two different isoforms in a 3:2 ratio, as revealed by a complete analysis of its two-dimensional 1H-nmr spectra. The conformational heterogeneity arises frtm cis-trans isomerism ahout the Phe 12-Pro 13 peptide bond, where the major, form corresponds to the cis conformation. The complete assignment of chemical shifts and nuclear Overhaiiser effects (NOES) of the two isoforms allow a detailed comparative analysis of their conformational properties, even though a complete calculation of their solution structures is not possible because of a somewhat limited number of NOE constraints. Structures for the two isomers could be modeled, however, on the basis of the high structural homology between ω-hordothionin and related γ-thionins, and under the conditions of satisfying all observed experimental data. The two isoforms adopt practically identical global folds and the structural changes imposed by cis-trans isomerization are confined to the region proximal to Pro 13. The cis-trans isomerism occurs in a conserved loop connecting the first β-strand of the triple-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and the α-helix. A comparative analysis of the sequences of this loop in the different thionins suggests that the cis-trans equilibrium about the X-Pro peptide bond depends on the size of the side chain of X (X = Gly in γ-thionins and Phe in ω-thionin). The structural homology of this new thionin with γ-thionins as well as with some scorpion toxins and insect defensins suggests that these proteins may share a common mode of functional activity. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360360608
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntniss der Parawolframate (1887)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 36 (1887), S. 44-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.18870360104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol production from native cassava starch by a mixed culture of Endomycopsis fibuligera and Zymomonas mobilis (1998)
    Berlin : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Biotechnologica 18 (1998), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0138-4988
    Keywords: Life Sciences ; Life Sciences (general)
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The conversion of starch from unhydrolyzed cassava flour to ethanol by a pure culture of Endomycopsis fibuligera and by a co-culture of this amylolytic yeast and the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was studied.The best overall results were obtained using the mixed culture. After 96 h of fermentation of a medium containing 150 g/l initial cassava starch, an ethanol concentration of 31.4 g/l, a productivity of 0.33 g ethanol/l × h and a yield of 0.21 g ethanol/g initial starch were reached. The highest yield (0.37 g/g) was obtained after 48 h when using a medium containing 50 g/l initial starch.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370180211
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  • 4
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    Chromogranin B (CHGB): Intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms to regulate catecholamine storage and release, in catecholaminergic cells and organisms (2013)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-09
    Description: CHGB is the major matrix protein in human catecholamine storage vesicles. CHGB genetic variation alters catecholamine secretion and blood pressure. Here effective Chgb protein under-expression was achieved by siRNA in PC12 cells, resulting in ~48% fewer secretory granules on EM, diminished capacity for catecholamine uptake (by ~79%), and a ~73% decline in stores available for nicotinic cholinergic-stimulated secretion. In vivo , loss of Chgb in knockout mice resulted in a ~35% decline in chromaffin granule abundance and ~44% decline in granule diameter, accompanied by unregulated catecholamine release into plasma. Over-expression of CHGB was achieved by transduction of a CHGB -expressing lentivirus, resulting in ~127% elevation in CHGB protein, with ~122% greater abundance of secretory granules, but only ~14% increased uptake of catecholamines, and no effect on nicotinic-triggered secretion. Human CHGB protein and its proteolytic fragments inhibited nicotinic-stimulated catecholamine release by ~72%. One conserved-region CHGB peptide inhibited nicotinic-triggered secretion by up to ~41%, with partial blockade of cationic signal transduction. We conclude that bi-directional quantitative derangements in CHGB abundance result in profound changes in vesicular storage and release of catecholamines. When processed and released extra-cellularly, CHGB proteolytic fragments exert a feedback effect to inhibit catecholamine secretion, especially during nicotinic cholinergic stimulation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-3042
    Electronic ISSN: 1471-4159
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of The International Society for Neurochemistry.
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  • 5
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    The signal of aerosol-induced changes in sunshine duration records: A review of the evidence (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-20
    Description: Aerosols play a significant yet complex and central role in the Earth´s radiation budget, and knowledge of long-term changes in the atmospheric turbidity induced by aerosols is therefore fundamental for a better understanding of climate change. However, there is little available information on changes in aerosol concentration in the atmosphere, especially prior to the 1980s. The present paper reviews publications reporting the suitability of sunshine duration records with regard to detecting changes in atmospheric aerosols. Some of the studies reviewed propose methods for estimating aerosol-related magnitudes, such as turbidity, from sunshine deficit at approximately sunrise and sunset, when the impact of aerosols on the solar beam is more easily observed. In addition, there is abundant evidence that one cause of the decadal changes observed in sunshine duration records involves variations in atmospheric aerosol loading. Possible directions for future research are also suggested: in particular, detailed studies of the burn (not only its length but also its width) registered by means of Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorders may provide a way of creating time series of atmospheric aerosol loading metrics dating back to over 120 years from the present.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Projecting diabetes prevalence among Mexicans aged 50 years and older: the Future Elderly Model-Mexico (FEM-Mexico) (2017)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-27
    Description: Objective Diabetes has been growing as a major health problem and a significant burden on the population and on health systems of developing countries like Mexico that are also ageing fast. The goal of the study was to estimate the future prevalence of diabetes among Mexico’s older adults to assess the current and future health and economic burden of diabetes. Design A simulation study using longitudinal data from three waves (2001, 2003 and 2012) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study and adapting the Future Elderly Model to simulate four scenarios of hypothetical interventions that would reduce diabetes incidence and to project the future diabetes prevalence rates among populations 50 years and older. Participants Data from 14 662 participants with information on self-reported diabetes, demographic characteristics, health and mortality. Outcome measures We obtained, for each scenario of diabetes incidence reduction, the following summary measures for the population aged 50 and older from 2012 to 2050: prevalence of diabetes, total population with diabetes, number of medical visits. Results In 2012, there were approximately 20.7 million persons aged 50 and older in Mexico; 19.3% had been diagnosed with diabetes and the 2001–2003 diabetes incidence was 4.3%. The no-intervention scenario shows that the prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase from 19.3% in 2012 to 34.0% in 2050. Under the 30% incidence reduction scenario, the prevalence of diabetes will be 28.6% in 2050. Comparing the no-intervention scenario with the 30% and 60% diabetes incidence reduction scenarios, we estimate a total of 816 320 and 1.6 million annual averted cases of diabetes, respectively, for the year 2020. Discussion Our study underscores the importance of diabetes as a disease by itself and also the potential healthcare demands and social burden of this disease and the need for policy interventions to reduce diabetes prevalence.
    Keywords: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Health economics
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 7
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    Sensitivity of fasting glucose for gestational diabetes mellitus screening in Mexican adolescents based on International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria: a diagnostic accuracy study based on retrospective data analysis (2018)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-14
    Description: Objective To evaluate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Mexican adolescents using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Level-three medical institution in Mexico City. Participants The study population comprised 1061 adolescent women aged 12–19 years with singleton pregnancies, who underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 11 and 35 weeks of gestation. Primary and secondary outcome measures The sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), and positive and negative likelihood ratios LR (+) and LR (–), respectively) with 95% CIs for selected FPG cut-off values were compared. Secondary measures were perinatal outcomes in women with and without GDM. Results GDM was present in 71 women (6.7%, 95% CI 5.3% to 8.4%). The performances of FPG at thresholds of ≥80 (4.5 mmol/L), 85 (4.7 mmol/L) and 90 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) were as follow (95% CI): Sn: 97% (89% to 99%), 94% (86% to 97%) and 91% (82% to 95%); Sp: 50% (47% to 53%), 79% (76% to 81%) and 97% (95% to 97%); PPV: 12% (9% to 15%), 23% (18% to 28%) and 64% (54% to 73%); NPV: 99% (98.5% to 99.9%) for all three cut-offs; LR (+): 1.9 (1.8 to 2.1), 4.3 (3.8 to 5.0) and 26.7 (18.8 to 37.1) and LR (–): 0.06 (0.02 to 0.23), 0.07 (0.03 to 0.19) and 0.09 (0.04 to 0.19), respectively. No significant differences in perinatal outcomes were found between adolescents with and without GDM. Conclusions An FPG cut-off of ≥90 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) is ideal for GDM screening in Mexican adolescent women. An FPG threshold of 90 mg/dL would miss 6 (8.5%) women with GDM, pick up 34 (3.4%) women without GDM and avoid 962 (90.7%) OGTTs.
    Keywords: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 8
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    Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits towards antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription: a qualitative study of Spanish pharmacists (2017)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-10
    Description: Objective To investigate community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and habits with regard to antibiotic dispensing without medical prescription in Spain. Methods A qualitative research using focus group method (FG) in Galicia (north-west Spain). FG sessions were conducted in the presence of a moderator. A topic script was developed to lead the discussions, which were audiorecorded to facilitate data interpretation and transcription. Proceedings were transcribed by an independent researcher and interpreted by two researchers working independently. We used the Grounded Theory approach. Setting Community pharmacies in Galicia, region Norwest of Spain. Participants Thirty pharmacists agreed to participate in the study, and a total of five FG sessions were conducted with 2–11 pharmacists. We sought to ensure a high degree of heterogeneity in the composition of the groups to improve our study’s external validity. Pharmacists’ participation had no gender or age restrictions, and an effort was made to form FGs with pharmacists who were both owners and non-owners, provided in all cases that they were Official Colleges of Pharmacists-registered community pharmacists. For the purpose of conducting FG discussions, the basic methodological principle of allowing groups to attain their ‘own structural identity’ was applied. Main outcome measurements Community pharmacists’ habits and knowledge with regard to antibiotics and identification of the attitudes and/or factors that influence antibiotic dispensing without medical prescription. Results Pharmacists attributed the problem of antibiotics dispensed without medical prescription and its relationship to antibiotic resistance to the following attitudes: external responsibility (doctors, dentists and the National Health Service (NHS)); acquiescence; indifference and lack of continuing education. Conclusions Despite being a problem, antibiotic dispensing without a medical prescription is still a common practice in community pharmacies in Galicia, Spain. This practice is attributed to acquiescence, indifference and lack of continuing education. The problem of resistance was ascribed to external responsibility, including that of patients, physicians, dentists and the NHS.
    Keywords: Public health, Open access, Qualitative research
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 9
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    Association of obesity and overweight with the prevalence of insulin resistance, pre-diabetes and clinical-biochemical characteristics among infertile Mexican women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross-sectional study (2016)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-24
    Description: Objective To study the association of obesity and overweight with the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), pre-diabetes and clinical–biochemical characteristics among infertile Mexican women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Level-three medical institution, an infertility clinic in Mexico City. Participants We included infertile Mexican women with diagnosis of PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria: group 1 (n=83), normal weight (body mass index (BMI) 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ); group 2 (n=217), overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m 2 ); and group 3 (n=238), obese (BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ). Primary and secondary outcome measures IR was determined by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) 〉2.5 and pre-diabetes by fasting glucose between 5.6 and 6.9 mmol/L and/or glucose value between 7.8 and 11 mmol/L at 2 hours during an oral glucose tolerance test. We compared clinical–biochemical characteristics among groups. Results Prevalence of IR for groups 1, 2 and 3 was 19.3%, 56.2% and 78.2%; overweight and obesity increase the IR OR (CI 95%) to 5.3 (2.9 to 9.8) and 14.9 (8.0 to 28), respectively. Prevalence of pre-diabetes for groups 1, 2 and 3 was 7.2%, 17.5% and 31.5%; overweight and obesity increase the pre-diabetes OR (CI 95%) to 2.7 (1.1 to 6.7) and 5.9 (2.4 to 14), respectively. Acanthosis nigricans was more frequent in group 3 than group 1. Free Androgen Index (FAI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were lower in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. Progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was higher in group 1 than group 3. Conclusions Obese and overweight infertile Mexican women with PCOS, attending to an infertility clinic, have a higher prevalence of IR and pre-diabetes compared with normal-weight women with PCOS. Therapeutic interventions should include those that improved metabolic functioning prior to attempting pregnancy in these groups of women.
    Keywords: Open access, Diabetes and Endocrinology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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