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  • Articles  (7)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (4)
  • BMJ Publishing  (3)
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  • Articles  (7)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of free and hydrostatic equibiaxial deformation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) by trirefringence measurement (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1517-1523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Understanding the deformation behavior of an amorphous thermoplastic, e.g., poly(ethylene terephthalate) (a-PET) and one of semicrystallinity, viz., i-PP, can be is of both fundamental and practical importance. Much has been done to study the influence of temperature and strain, but not the influence of deformation conditions on the three-dimensional orientation of many thermoplastic. In this study we consider the incremental effect of hydrostatic pressure and process geometry on strain-induced deformation. a-PET has been free drawn (i.e., no hydrostatic pressure) isothermally on a tenter frame device. The hydrostatic, equibiaxial deformation was achieved by a forging process involving squeezing between two circular plates. These two processes have been carried out at a series of deformation rates, with the three-dimensional refractive index measurements having been made on the PET and i-PP films using a modified Abbe refractometer, as per Samuels. The reported trirefringence measurement provides a sensitive scale for the planar deformation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330508
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planar deformation of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) by stretching and forging (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 687-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ethylene terephthalate), amorphous, planar deformation of ; deformation of PET by stretching and forging ; drawing techniques and deformation of PET ; crystallization in drawn PET ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The planar deformation of amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was performed by stretching and by forging under comparable conditions at a series of constant temperatures, 80, 90, 100, and 110°C. The highest planar draw ratios of 4.5 × 4.5 and 3.5 × 3.5 were obtained by forging and stretching, respectively. Samples were studied before and after deformation by wide angle x-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density measurements, and elastic recovery at 100°C. A distinct difference in efficiency of draw between these two techniques is found, as judged mainly by the straininduced crystallization. The forging is more effective than stretching in achieving stabilized planar draw under comparable process conditions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300705
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  • 3
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    Comparative efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in treating major depressive disorder: a protocol for network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2016)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: Introduction There have been inconsistent findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews on the efficacies of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as the first-line treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Besides inconsistencies among randomised controlled trials (RCTs), their risks of bias and evidence grading have seldom been evaluated in meta-analysis. This study aims to compare the efficacy of SSRIs by conducting a Bayesian network meta-analysis, which will be the most comprehensive evaluation of evidence to resolve the inconsistency among previous studies. Methods and analyses SSRIs including citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline and vilazodone have been selected. Systematic database searching and screening will be conducted for the RCTs on drug treatment of patients with MDD according to pre-specified search strategies and selection criteria. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, the US Food and Drug Administration Website, ClinicalTrial.gov and WHO Clinical Trials will be searched. Outcome data including Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) from eligible RCTs will be extracted. The outcomes will be analysed as ORs and mean differences under a random-effects model. A Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted with WinBUGS software, to compare the efficacies of SSRIs. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis will be performed to explain the study heterogeneity and evaluate the robustness of the results. Meta-regression analysis will be conducted to determine the possible factors affecting the efficacy outcomes. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool will be used to assess the RCT quality, and the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess the strength of evidence from the meta-analysis. Ethics and dissemination No ethical approval is required because this study includes neither confidential personal patient data nor interventions with patients. Protocol registration number CRD42015024879.
    Keywords: Open access, Evidence based practice, Health informatics, Mental health
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 4
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    Simultaneous Carbonation and Sulfation of CaO in Oxy-Fuel CFB Combustion (2011)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-09-28
    Description: For anthracites and petroleum cokes, the typical combustion temperature in a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) is 〉 900 °C. At CO 2 concentrations of 80–85 % (typical of oxy-fuel CFBC conditions), limestone still calcines. When the ash which includes unreacted CaO cools to the calcination temperature, carbonation of fly ash deposited on cool surfaces may occur. At the same time, indirect and direct sulfation of limestone also will occur, possibly leading to more deposition. In this study, CaO was carbonated and sulfated simultaneously in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under conditions expected in an oxy-fuel CFBC. It was found that temperature, and concentrations of CO 2 , SO 2 , and especially H 2 O are important factors in determining the carbonation/sulfation reactions of CaO. An investigation on simultaneous carbonation and sulfation of CaO in oxy-fuel CFB combustion was conducted to understand the mechanisms of fly ash deposition on cooler surfaces in boilers. The role of H 2 O was studied for the first time. Simultaneous carbonation and sulfation showed different characteristics from either carbonation or sulfation alone.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Drug efficacy in treating stable angina pectoris: a protocol for network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2014)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-21
    Description: Introduction There were 11 pairwise meta-analysis on the efficacy of β-blockers (including atenolol, propranolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol and nadolol), calcium channel blockers (including amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, nifedipine and verapamil), and nitrates (including isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate and nitroglycerin) in treating stable angina pectoris. No network meta-analytic study has been published to evaluate the efficacies of these antianginal drugs. Current clinical guidelines (eg, National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical guideline 126) are only based on the findings of limited clinical trials and pairwise meta-analysis. This study aims to fill this gap of research by conducting a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare all these antianginal drugs. Methods and analyses Randomised controlled trials (RCT) on the drug therapy of stable angina pectoris with multiple outcome measures, selected from symptomatic relief, ECG tests, exercise tests, heart rates and blood pressures, etc, will be included. Overall effect sizes will be represented as mean differences with 95% credible intervals (CrI) for continuous outcome data and as ORs with 95% CrI for dichotomous outcome data. Bayesian network meta-analysis by WinBUGS will be conducted to compare the efficacies of these drugs. Sensitivity analysis on the quality of RCTs and subgroup analysis on the category of included drugs will be performed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required because this study includes no confidential personal data and interventions on the patients. Network meta-analysis is based on the RCT reports of eligible drugs in treating stable angina pectoris. The results of this study will be disseminated by an open access and peer-reviewed publication. Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42014007113.
    Keywords: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Evidence based practice
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 6
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    Glycaemic control efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs in treating type 2 diabetes: a protocol for network meta-analysis (2015)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-03-13
    Description: Introduction Past studies of network meta-analysis focused on evaluating drug combinations in treating type 2 diabetes but not on evaluating antidiabetic drugs in monotherapy. Clinical guidelines (eg, NICE (National Institute of Health and Care Excellence) clinical guidelines 66 and 87) were based only on the findings of individual clinical trials and pairwise meta-analysis in evaluating monotherapy. This study aims to fill this gap of research by conducting a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare major antidiabetic drugs, including metformin, glimepiride, glyburide, glipizide, repaglinide, nateglinide, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin and SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose transporter-2) inhibitors. Methods and analyses Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the drug therapy of type 2 diabetes with outcome measures including glycosylated haemoglobin or fasting blood glucose will be included. The quality of included RTCs will be evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Traditional pairwise meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis will be conducted to compare the efficacies of antidiabetic drugs. Sensitivity analysis on the sample size of RCTs, meta-regression analysis on the follow-up periods, dosages and baselines of outcome measure, contradiction analysis between pairwise and network meta-analyses, and publication bias analysis, will be performed. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not required because this study includes no confidential personal data and interventions on the patients. Pairwise and network meta-analyses are based on the published RCT reports of eligible drugs in treating type 2 diabetes. The results of this study will be disseminated by a peer-reviewed publication. Protocol registration number PROSPERO CRD42014010567.
    Keywords: Open access, Evidence based practice, Health informatics, Pharmacology and therapeutics, Diabetes and Endocrinology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 7
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    An analytical solution for rainfall infiltration into an unsaturated infinite slope and its application to slope stability analysis (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-14
    Description: SUMMARY Surficial slope failures in residual soils are common in tropical and subtropical regions as a result of rainfall infiltration. This study develops an analytical solution for simulating rainfall infiltration into an infinite unsaturated soil slope. The analytical solution is based on the general partial differential equation for water flow through unsaturated soils. It can accept soil–water characteristic curve and unsaturated permeability function of the exponential form into account. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the assumptions of the analytical solution and demonstrate that the proposed analytical solution is acceptable for the coarse soils with low air entry values. The pore-water pressure (pwp) distributions obtained from the analytical solution can be incorporated into a limit equilibrium method to do infinite slope stability analysis for a rain-induced shallow slip. The analysis method takes into account the influence of the water content change on unit weight and hence on factor of safety. A series of analytical parametric analyses have been performed using the developed model. The analyses indicate that when the residual soil slope, consisting of a completely decomposed granite layer underlain by a less permeable layer, is subjected to a continuous heavy rainfall, the loss of negative pwp and the reduction in factor of safety were found to be most significant for the shallow soil layer and during the first 12 h. The antecedent and subsequent rainfall intensity, depth of a less permeable layer and slope angle all have a significant influence on the pwp response and hence the slope stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Print ISSN: 0363-9061
    Electronic ISSN: 1096-9853
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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