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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion models for hetergenous biochemical reaction kinetics (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 719-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110415
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of diffusion-coupled fermentation processes: The conversion of cellulose to protein (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 13 (1971), S. 99-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A combination of Fickian diffusion and Michaelis-Menten kinetics is proposed to describe the rate of diffusion-coupled biochemical reactions. This postulate leads to a nonlinear mathematical model which is solved by a perturbation technique. The result is a relation which permits identification of zones of relative diffusion or reaction influence. The conversion of cellulose to protein by Myrothecium verrucaria is a heterogeneous process that is well-suited to this type of analysis, although the data requirements are severe.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260130107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion-controlled rate mechanisms in gas-solid reaction systems (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 15 (1969), S. 136-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690150132
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation for flow past spheres: Part I. Viscous flow around spheres with and without radial mass efflux (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 13 (1967), S. 212-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study was undertaken to ascertain the accuracy of finite-difference solutions for flow around spherical particles in the intermediate Reynolds number range. Comparison of the results with experimental data on drag coefficients, frontal stagnation pressure, and wake geometry indicated good agreement. The approximate solutions, in which the Galerkin method and asymptotic analytical predictions were utilized, were evaluated by using the finite-difference solutions as a standard. These methods were used to calculate the effect of uniform and nonuniform mass efflux on the drag and flow characteristics around a sphere. Theoretical solutions indicated that nonuniform mass efflux can significantly reduce the drag on a submerged object. Ranges of applicability of the approximate methods were established.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690130206
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Polygermane. I. Die Modifikationen des HexaphenyldigermansAuszugsweise vorgetragen auf der Chemiedozententagung 1977 in Marburg [1]. (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 460 (1980), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. I. Modifications of HexaphenyldigermaneHexaphenyldigermane (1) can be obtained from solutions in chlorinated hydrocarbons both in a triclinic modification (1 a) stable below 418 K and in a metastable hexagonal modification (1 b); heat of conversion at 418 K 8,4 kJ/mole. From benzene 1 crystallizes in a rhombohedral modification (1 c) containing two moles of crystal benzene. The complete vibrational spectra of 1 a and 1 b are given and assigned (νGe-Ge = 220-250 cm-1). The three modifications are characterized by their crystal data. The crystal structure of 1 a has been determined and refined to a R of 0.037. 1 forms an achiral bipropeller (Ge—Ge distance 243.7 (2) pm). The crystal structure can be described as rotational ellipsoids of 1 arranged in a body centred packing.
    Notes: Hexaphenyldigerman (1) wird aus Lösungen in chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen erhalten in einer unterhalb von 418 K stabilen triklinen Modifikation (1 a) und in einer metastabilen hexagonalen Modifikation (1 b); Umwandlungsenthalpie bei 418 K 8,4 kJ/mol. Aus Benzol kristallisiert 1 in einer 2 Mol Kristallbenzol enthaltenden rhomboedrischen Modifikation (1 c). Vollständige Schwingungsspektren von 1 a und 1 b werden mitgeteilt und zugeordnet (νGe-Ge = 220 bis 250 cm-1). Die Charakterisierung der drei Modifikationen erfolgte durch ihre Kristalldaten. Die Kristallstruktur von 1 a wurde bestimmt und bis R = 0,037 verfeinert. 1 bildet einen achiralen Doppelpropeller (Ge—Ge-Abstand 243,7(2) pm). Die Packung der rotationselliptischen Moleküle ist vom Typ der innenzentrierten Kugelpackung.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19804600120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Polygermane. V. Octaphenyl-selenatetragermacyclopentan, Kristallstruktur und Schwingungsspektren (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 472 (1981), S. 109-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. V. Octaphenyl-selenatetragermacyclopentane, Crystal Structure and Vibrational SpectraThe crystal structure of the title compound (Ph2Ge)4Se has been determined and refined to a R of 0.037. The five membered ring Ge4Se exhibits twist conformation (C2 symmetry) and approximates planarity. The arrangement of the phenyl substituents is isoclinic towards the ring and symperiplanar in two sets among themselves. Distances: Ge - Ge 244.8 (1) and 243.7 (1) pm, Ge - Se 237.3 (1) pm; angle Ge - Se - Ge 106.3 (1°). The packing of the (Ph2Ge)4Se molecules resembles a body-centred sphere packing with coordination number (8+4). The complete vibrational spectra of the compounds (Ph2Ge)4X with X = O, S, and Se are given and assigned. Domains for the 9 normal vibrations of the five membered cycles Ge4X are discussed.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur der Titelverbindung (Ph2Ge)4Se wurde bestimmt und bis R = 0,037 verfeinert. Der 5-Ring Ge4Se besitzt Twist-Konformation (C2-Symmetrie) und ist fast planar. Alle 8 Phenylsubstituenten stehen isoklin zum Ring und in zwei Sets symperiplanar zueinander. Abstände: Ge - Ge 244,8 (1) und 243,7 (1), Ge - Se 237,3 (1) pm; Winkel Ge - Se - Ge 106,3 (1°). Die (Ph2Ge)4Se-Molekeln packen nach Art einer innenzentrierten Kugelpackung mit (8+4)-Koordination.Für die Verbindungen (Ph2Ge)4X mit X = O, S und Se werden vollständige Schwingungsspektren mitgeteilt und weitgehend zugeordnet. Bereiche für die 9 Normalschwingungen der 5gliedrigen Ringe Ge4X werden angegeben.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19814720113
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kristallstruktur, Schwingungs- und NMR-Spektren von Dodecaphenylcyclohexastannan (Ph2Sn)6 (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 506 (1983), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Crystal Structure, Vibrational and N.M.R. Spectra of Dodecaphenylcyclohexastannane (Ph2Sn)6The six-membered homocycle (Ph2Sn)6 was obtained under condition described for the preparation of the five-membered ring (Ph2Sn)5. The homocycles (Ph2M)6, M = Si, Ge, Sn exist in three crystalline forms, without solvent, containing seven moles of crystal benzene, and with two moles alkylbenzene. The crystal structure of (Ph2Sn)6 · 2 Toluene was determined and refined until R = 0.041. The parameters of the Sn6 ring are: Sn—Sn bond length 278.0 pm, bond angle 112.5°, and torsion angle 51.6°. The homorings (Ph2M)6 form a nearly identical series of rigid normal conformations and spherical space filling.IR and Raman spectra of (Ph2Sn)6 are given and discussed. There is a strong coupling between Sn6 ring vibrations and mass sensitive vibrations of the phenyl groups. 119Sn und 13C N.M.R. spectra exhibit long range couplings with Sn nuclei. The values of the coupling constants indicate only a minor effective charge at the Sn atoms.
    Notes: Der 6gliedrige Homocyclus (Ph2Sn)6 wurde unter Bedingungen erhalten, die für die Darstellung des 5gliedrigen Homocyclus (Ph2Sn)5 beschrieben sind. Die Homocyclen (Ph2M)6 mit M = Si, Ge, Sn kommen in drei kristallinen Formen vor, lösungsmittelfrei, mit 7 Mol Kristallbenzol und mit 2 Mol aliphatisch substituiertem Kristallbenzol. Die Kristallstruktur des (Ph2Sn)6 · 2 Toluol wurde bestimmt und bis R = 0,041 verfeinert. Die Parameter des Sn6-Ringes sind: Sn—Sn-Abstand 278,0 pm, Bindungswinkel 112,5°, Torsionswinkel 51,6°. Bezüglich ihrer Phenylgruppenanordnung bilden die Homocyclen (Ph2M)6 eine nahezu identische Reihe mit starrer Normalkonformation und sphärischer Raumerfüllung.IR- und Ramanspektren des (Ph2Sn)6 werden mitgeteilt und diskutiert: Sn6-Ringschwingungen koppeln weitgehend mit massenabhängigen Schwingungen der Phenylgruppen. 119Sn- und 13C-NMR-Spektren zeigen weitreichende Kopplungen mit Sn-Kernen, die Einzelwerte lassen auf eine vergleichsweise kleine effektive Ladung am Sn-Atom schließen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19835061111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Polygermane. X. Schwingungsspektren der Homocyclen (Ph2Ge)4, (Ph2Ge)5 und (Ph2Ge)6 (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 515 (1984), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. X. Vibrational Spectra of the Homorings (Ph2Ge)4, (Ph2Ge)5, and (Ph2Ge)6IR and Raman transitions of the crystalline title compounds are given from 3100 to 100 cm-1. The spectra are nearly identical above 350 cm-1. The Gen ring vibrations range from 330 to 140 cm-1 and are unspecifically coupled with mass sensitive phenyl modes. The distribution of the individual values is discussed by means of the intracyclic bond angles determined by X-ray structure analysis.
    Notes: Für die kristallinen Titelverbindungen werden IR- und Raman-Übergänge im Bereich 3100-100 cm-1 angegeben. Oberhalb 350 cm-1 sind die Spektren weitgehend identisch. Die Gerüstschwingungen der Gen-Homocyclen liegen von 330-140 cm-1 und koppeln in unspezifischer Weise mit Phenylgruppenschwingungen. Die Verteilung der Einzelwerte wird an Hand von röntgeno-graphisch bestimmten intracyclischen Bindungswinkeln diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19845150816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Polygermane. II [1]. Die Modifikationen des Dodecaphenylcyclohexagermans [2] (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 466 (1980), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. II. Modifications of DodecaphenylcyclohexagermaneDodecaphenylcyclohexagermane (1) can be obtained from solutions pure (1a), with 2 und 7 moles of crystal benzene (1b, 1c) and with 2 moles of crystal toluene (1d). Mass spectrum, 13C-nmr spectrum, assigned vibrational spectra (vs, Ge—Ge—Ge = 220-235 cm-1, vas, Ge—Ge—Ge = 245-260 cm-1) and crystal data are given. The crystal structure of 1c has been determined and refined to a R of 0.059. 1 forms a flattened Ge6-chair (Ge-Ge distance 245.7(1) pm) with 6 axial and equatorial substituents respectively. The molecules of 1 approach spheres with a packing midway between a simple cubic and a cubic closest-packed arrangement.
    Notes: Dodecaphenylcyclohexagerman (1) kristallisiert lösungsmittelfrei (1a), mit 2 und 7 Mol Kristallbenzol (1b, 1c) und mit 2 Mol Kristalltoluol (1d). Massenspektrum, 13C-NMR-Spektrum, zugeordnete Schwingungsspektren (vs, Ge—Ge—Ge = 220-235 cm-1, vas, Ge—Ge—Ge = 245-260 cm-1) und Kristalldaten werden mitgeteilt. Die Kristallstruktur von 1c wurde bestimmt und bis R = 0,059 verfeinert. 1 bildet einen abgeflachten Ge6-Sessel (Ge—Ge-Abstand 245,7(1) pm) mit jeweils 6 axialen und äquatorialen Phenylsubstituenten. Die 1-Molekeln zeigen nahezu kugelförmige Raumerfüllung mit einer Kristallpackung zwischen einfach-kubischer und kubisch-dichtester Kugelanordnung.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19804660117
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Polygermane. VII [1]. Kristallstruktur von Dodecaphenylcyclohexagerman · Ditoluol (1981)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 476 (1981), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. VII. Crystal Structure of Dodecaphenylcyclohexagermane DitolueneThe crystal structure of the title compound (1 d) has been determined, refined to a R of 0.071, and compared with the structure of Ge6Ph12 · 7 benzene (1 c). The molecular structure of Ge6Ph12 (1) is a Ge6-chair with 6 axial and equatorial phenyl substituents respectively. The two toluene molecules in 1 d sandwich 1 above and below the plane of the six-membered ring resulting in steeper axial phenyl groups, stronger rippling of the Ge6-chair and stretched Ge-Ge distances (246.3 pm) compared to 1 c.1 has Ci-symmetry in both structures with nearly identical torsion of the phenyl groups. The Ge6(Pheq)6-part of the molecule approximates C2h-symmetry. The arrangement of any two phenyl groups realizes largely either a parallel or a perpendicular setting of their respective planes. The joint conformation found is a normal conformation for molecules of the type X6Ph12.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur der Titelverbindung (1 d) wurde bestimmt, bis R = 0,071 verfeinert und mit der Struktur des Ge6Ph12 · 7 Benzol (1 c) verglichen. Ge6Ph12 (1) hat die Molekülstruktur eines Ge6-Sessels mit 6 axialen und 6 äquatorialen Phenylsubstituenten. Die beiden Toluolmolekeln in 1 d umgeben 1 sandwichartig oberhalb und unterhalb der 6-Ringebene mit daraus resultierender steilerer Stellung der axialen Phenylgruppen, stärkerer Wellung des Ge6-Sessels und Aufweitung der Ge-Ge-Abstände (246,3 pm) gegenüber 1 c.In beiden Strukturen zeigt 1 Ci-Symmetrie mit nahezu identischer Phenylgruppenverdrillung, der Ge6(Phäq)6-Teil der Molekel approximiert C2h-Symmetrie. Die Anordnung von je zwei Phenylgruppen verwirklicht weitgehend entweder parallele oder senkrechte Stellung der Ringebenen zueinander. Die Gesamtkonformation kann als Normalkonformation für Molekeln des Typs X6Ph12 betrachtet werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19814760511
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