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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (86)
  • BMJ Publishing  (46)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A preceding airway reaction to one allergen may lead to priming of the airway responses to another allergen (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study aimed to determine whether a preceding airway response to one allergen leads to priming of the airway responses to another allergen. Twelve asthmatic children who had positive prick tests to two allergens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) and German cockroach (CR), participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. We performed two consecutive inhalation challenges, D.p. challenge being followed 48 h later by CR challenge. The effect of initial (D.p.) challenge on the early and late airway responses to the subsequent (CR) challenge (CR2) was examined by comparing the responses with those to CR challenge preceded by sham challenge (CR1). The geometric mean PD20 of CR allergen in the CR2 was 2.8 BU (breath unit) (range of 1 SD; 0.77-10.4), which was 12.0-fold less than that (33.7 BU, 10.8-105.2) in the CR1. The administration of a 6.1–fold less dose (8.9 BU, 2.7-28.8) in the CR2 than hi the CR1 (54.5 BU, 44.1-69.3) provoked a similar degree of late-phase reactions (18.7±7.3% vs 15.8 ± 9.6%). Our data indicated that the early- and late-phase reactions to CR challenge were augmented by the preceding reaction to D.p. This suggests that a preceding airway response to one allergen may lead to priming, with enhancement of the early and late airway responses to the subsequent challenge with another allergen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb00992.x
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  • 2
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    Effectiveness and safety of moxibustion treatment for non-specific lower back pain: protocol for a systematic review (2017)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-24
    Description: Introduction Many patients experience acute lower back pain that becomes chronic pain. The proportion of patients using complementary and alternative medicine to treat lower back is increasing. Even though several moxibustion clinical trials for lower back pain have been conducted, the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion intervention is controversial. The purpose of this study protocol for a systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion treatment for non-specific lower back pain patients. Methods and analysis We will conduct an electronic search of several databases from their inception to May 2017, including Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Korean Medical Database, Korean Studies Information Service System, National Discovery for Science Leaders, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, the Korea Institute of Science and Technology, and KoreaMed. Randomised controlled trials investigating any type of moxibustion treatment will be included. The primary outcome will be pain intensity and functional status/disability due to lower back pain. The secondary outcome will be a global measurement of recovery or improvement, work-related outcomes, radiographic improvement of structure, quality of life, and adverse events (presence or absence). Risk ratio or mean differences with a 95% confidence interval will be used to show the effect of moxibustion therapy when it is possible to conduct a meta-analysis. Ethics and dissemination This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at an international academic conference for dissemination. Our results will provide current evidence of the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion treatment in non-specific lower back pain patients, and thus will be beneficial to patients, practitioners, and policymakers. Trial registration number CRD42016047468 in PROSPERO 2016
    Keywords: Open access, Complementary medicine
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 3
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    A coronary heart disease prediction model: the Korean Heart Study (2014)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-23
    Description: Objective The objectives of this study were to develop a coronary heart disease (CHD) risk model among the Korean Heart Study (KHS) population and compare it with the Framingham CHD risk score. Design A prospective cohort study within a national insurance system. Setting 18 health promotion centres nationwide between 1996 and 2001 in Korea. Participants 268 315 Koreans between the ages of 30 and 74 years without CHD at baseline. Outcome measure Non-fatal or fatal CHD events between 1997 and 2011. During an 11.6-year median follow-up, 2596 CHD events (1903 non-fatal and 693 fatal) occurred in the cohort. The optimal CHD model was created by adding high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides to the basic CHD model, evaluating using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and continuous net reclassification index (NRI). Results The optimal CHD models for men and women included HDL-cholesterol (NRI=0.284) and triglycerides (NRI=0.207) from the basic CHD model, respectively. The discrimination using the CHD model in the Korean cohort was high: the areas under ROC were 0.764 (95% CI 0.752 to 0.774) for men and 0.815 (95% CI 0.795 to 0.835) for women. The Framingham risk function predicted 3–6 times as many CHD events than observed. Recalibration of the Framingham function using the mean values of risk factors and mean CHD incidence rates of the KHS cohort substantially improved the performance of the Framingham functions in the KHS cohort. Conclusions The present study provides the first evidence that the Framingham risk function overestimates the risk of CHD in the Korean population where CHD incidence is low. The Korean CHD risk model is well-calculated alternations which can be used to predict an individual's risk of CHD and provides a useful guide to identify the groups at high risk for CHD among Koreans.
    Keywords: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Epidemiology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 4
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    Close look at the experiences of patients enrolled in a clinical trial of acupuncture treatment for atrial fibrillation in Korea: a qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial (2017)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-05
    Description: Objective To explore the experiences of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in the context of a prospective, two-parallel-armed, participant-blinded and assessor-blinded sham-controlled randomised trial. Design A nested qualitative study within an ongoing randomised controlled trial to explore acupuncture's antiarrhythmic effects on drug refractory acupuncture in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) (ACU-AF trial). Participants Participants were recruited using purposeful sampling and a maximum variation strategy with regard to treatment allocation (treatment or control) and protocol completion (completion or non-completion). Setting This was a single-centre in-depth interview qualitative study conducted at a tertiary-level university hospital in Seoul, Republic of Korea. Results Data saturation was reached after 8 participants. Thematic analysis identified that most patients were not aware of their condition until medical check-up; physician referral was the main reason for trial participation, and patients had high expectations regardless of previous acupuncture experiences. Patients tended to depend on their physicians' opinions because they felt helpless of their condition. No one questioned their assigned treatment groups and generally believed acupuncture treatment was different for cardiovascular diseases. A few patients expressed disappointment in the strict and rigid protocols, in which most practitioners refrained from explaining their acupuncture procedures. Conclusions For cardiovascular patients their physician's advice was one of the biggest reasons for enrolling in the acupuncture trial therefore relying on standard recruitment methods may not be effective. Fortunately both real and sham acupuncture groups in our sample were receiving treatment as intended, but in the future, designing a more pragmatic trial (better reflecting clinical settings, expanding the inclusion criteria and using more treatment points) will allow researchers to better explore the comprehensive effects of acupuncture. The findings of this study will allow researchers to improve the currently ongoing ACU-AF trial and to further help interpretation of main trial outcomes once the trial is completed. Trial registration number: NCT02110537.
    Keywords: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Complementary medicine, Qualitative research
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tellurium-Induced Alterations in 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Gene Expression and Enzyme Activity: Differential Effects in Sciatic Nerve and Liver Suggest Tissue-Specific Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 57 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The demyelination of peripheral nerves that results from exposure of developing rats to tellurium is due to inhibition of squalene epoxidase, a step in cholesterol biosynthesis. In sciatic nerve, cholesterol synthesis is greatly depressed, whereas in liver, some compensatory mechanism maintains normal levels of cholesterol synthesis. This tissue specificity was further explored by examining, in various tissues, gene expression and enzyme activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Exposure to tellurium resulted in pronounced increases in both message levels and enzyme activity in liver, the expected result consequent to up-regulation of this enzyme in response to decreasing levels of intracellular sterols. In contrast to liver, levels of mRNA and enzyme activity in sciatic nerve were both decreased during the tellurium-induced demyelinating period. The temporal pattern of changes in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase message levels in sciatic nerve seen following exposure to tellurium was similar to the down-regulation seen for mRNA specific for PNS myelin proteins. Possible mechanisms for differential control of cholesterol biosynthesis in sciatic nerve and liver are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb06401.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of a Noninvasive Measure of Local Myocardial Repolarization in a Conscious Human Model: (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8167
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rate Adaptation of Myocardial Repolarization. Introduction: A commercial pacemaker sensor measure of the unipolar endocardial stimulus to T wave interval may accurately reflect changes in the monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90). This sensor system was used to study the kinetics of adaptation of repolarization duration to changes in heart rate in humans. Methods and Results: Patients were studied using an external pacemaker capable of displaying all stimulus to T wave intervals for each paced beat. Right ventricular stimulation was delivered via the pacemaker and compared simultaneously to APD90. Steady-state pacing was simulated by 60 seconds of pacing at cycle lengths (CLs) 350 to 700 msec. Adaptation to a new ventricular rate was analyzed with a sudden 200-msec decrease in CL. The relation between repolarization measure and steady-state CL (n = 16) was linear with a slope of 0.16 and 0.19 for APD90 and stimulus to T wave interval, respectively (P = NS). The adaptation of both repolarization measures to a sudden change in rate were best modeled by a biexponential function. Stimulus to T wave interval exhibited a parallel course to APD90, and an analysis of normalized differences between APD90 and stimulus to T wave interval followed an approximately normal distribution, with 93.5% of the paired differences within 2 SD of the mean. Conclusion: A pacemaker sensor measure of stimulus to T wave interval accurately parallels APD90, during both steady-state and sudden changes in rate. Repolarization in human endocardium follows a linear relation to steady-state CL and adapts to a new rate with a biexponential function. This model represents a novel method for studying human cardiac repolarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00292.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETERMINISTIC ESTIMATION OF A WAVELET USING IMPEDANCE TYPE TECHNIQUE (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 33 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new deterministic technique for estimating a wavelet suggested by Loewenthal and Jakubowicz requires measurement of both pressure and vertical particle velocity. Through construction of the impedance function a deterministic estimation of the wavelet and the reflectivity can be obtained.This idea is tested for a one-dimensional model. The test is carried out by forming a synthetic seismogram of both pressure and particle velocity and checking the formulas for obtaining the estimated wavelet under noisy conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.1985.tb00791.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A clinical and histopathological study of 22 patients with membranous lipodystrophy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 21 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Membranous lipodystrophy, an uncommon disorder, was described by Nasu et al. in 1973 as a form of regressive degeneration or localized destruction of the adipose tissue.1 Clinical features of the lesions with membranous fat necrosis are variable and the condition can only be diagnosed histopathologically. These peculiar changes in tat tissue have been associated with many local and systemic diseases including lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, erythema nodosum, stasis dermatitis, morphoea and trauma, but occasionally no underlying disease is found. Even though various hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of membranous lipodystrophy have been proposed, the exact causes are still in dispute.2–4We reviewed 22 patients having membranous lipodystrophy confirmed by biopsy and discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms which have been suggested by many authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1996.tb00091.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A RESEARCH NOTE THE EFFECTS OF PRERIGOR SODIUM BICARBONATE PERFUSION ON THE QUALITY OF PORCINE M. SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of muscle foods 9 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4573
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of prerigor sodium bicarbonate (SBC) perfusion on the quality of porcine semimembranosus muscle was tested in 8 pigs, heterozygous for the halothane gene. Perfusion via the iliac artery was initiated at 15 min postmortem. For each carcass, one side was perfused with 4 L of 0.75 M SBC and one side with 0.7% saline. None of the sampled muscles was. PSE quality. SBC treatment resulted in a doubling of the muscle sodium content, indicating that about 5% of the perfused SBC was absorbed. Although the ultimate pH of SBC samples was higher (P〈0.05) than the pH of controls, the difference was smaller than expected. L*-value and drip losses were lowered (P〈0.05) by SBC treatment. These results suggest that it may be possible to reduce PSE by prerigor application of SBC. Further studies on optimum delivery (perfusion versus infusion) and SBC concentration are needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4573.1998.tb00653.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Production of High-purity Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) Using Two-step Urea-inclusion Crystallization I and Hydrophilic Arginine-CLA Complex (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The application of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a functional ingredient has been limited due to the high cost of purification and its water-insoluble nature. In this study, high-purity CLA was obtained from safflower oil and a hydrophilic form of CLA was produced by complexation with arginine (Arg). CLA was prepared by alkali-isomerization and purified up to 95% using urea-inclusion crystallization. Total purified CLA comprised 41% and 50% of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers, respectively, with 35% recovery. Arg was attached to the carboxyl end of CLA. Optimum weight ratio of CLA to Arg was 1.7 and yield was 91%. Arg-CLA complex could expand the scope of CLA application in various food industries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb06999.x
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