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  • 1
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    Nutrient enrichment can increase the susceptibility of reef corals to bleaching (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Climate Change, 3 (2). pp. 160-164.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-24
    Description: Mass coral bleaching, resulting from the breakdown of coral-algal symbiosis has been identified as the most severe threat to coral reef survival on a global scale. Regionally, nutrient enrichment of reef waters is often associated with a significant loss of coral cover and diversity. Recently, increased dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations have been linked to a reduction of the temperature threshold of coral bleaching, a phenomenon for which no mechanistic explanation is available. Here we show that increased levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in combination with limited phosphate concentrations result in an increased susceptibility of corals to temperature-and light-induced bleaching. Mass spectrometric analyses of the algal lipidome revealed a marked accumulation of sulpholipids under these conditions. Together with increased phosphatase activities, this change indicates that the imbalanced supply of dissolved inorganic nitrogen results in phosphate starvation of the symbiotic algae. Based on these findings we introduce a conceptual model that links unfavourable ratios of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the water column with established mechanisms of coral bleaching. Notably, this model improves the understanding of the detrimental effects of coastal nutrient enrichment on coral reefs, which is urgently required to support knowledge-based management strategies to mitigate the effects of climate change. © 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1661
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 2
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    The ion chromatographic separation of high valence metal cationsusing a neutral polystyrene resin dynamically modified with dipicolinic acid (2000)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Analyst, 125 (12). pp. 2157-2159.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: A neutral polystyrene resin column, dynamically loaded with dipicolinic acid at a concentration of 0.1 mM in 1 M potassium nitrate eluent, was investigated for the separation characteristics of a number of high valence metal cations over the pH range 0-3. The metal species studied were Th(IV), U(VI), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), Ti(IV), Sn(IV), V(IV) and V(V), Fe(III) and Bi(III), of which Ti(IV), Sn(IV), V(IV) and Fe(III) did not show any retention. For the remaining metal ions, significant retention was obtained with good peak shapes, except for Th(IV), which moved only slightly from the solvent front with some tailing. The retention order at pH 0.3 was Th(IV) 〈 V(V) 〈 Bi(III) 〈 U(VI) 〈 Hf(IV) 〈 Zr(IV). A notable feature of this separation system was the high selectivity shown for uranium, zirconium and hafnium, the last two being nearly resolved in 15 min on the relatively short 10 cm column.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/b008235j
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Determination of cobalt and iron in estuarine and coastal waters using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection (2000)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Analyst, 125 (1). pp. 51-57.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: Flow injection with chemiluminescence detection (FI-CL) was used to determine cobalt and iron in estuarine and coastal waters. Cobalt(II) was determined by means of a pyrogallol-hydrogen peroxide-sodium hydroxide reaction in the presence of methanol and the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). With pyrogallol, the sensitivity was enhanced compared with the traditional reagent, gallic acid. The practical limit of detection in sea-water was 5 pM (3s) and there was good agreement with certified values for the sea-water CRMs NASS-5 (0.16 ± 0.01 nM), CASS-3 (0.60 ± 0.09 nM) and SLEW-2 (0.93 ± 0.13 nM). Results for an Irish Sea sample gave good agreement with data obtained using cathodic stripping voltammetry. Iron(II + III) was determined using a luminol reaction with dissolved oxygen as the oxidant. The practical limit of detection was 40 pM (3s) and results from shipboard analysis of the CRM NASS-4 (1.95 ± 0.14 nM) were in good agreement with the certified value (1.88 ± 0.29 nM). Field evaluation of the instrumentation and analytical methods was achieved through a series of local surveys in the Tamar Estuary (UK), from which environmental data are presented.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/a907651d
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  • 4
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    The determination of trace metals in estuarine and coastal waters using a voltammetric in situ profiling system (2003)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Analyst, 128 (6). pp. 734-741.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: This work presents the optimisation, validation and field deployment of a voltammetric in situ profiling (VIP) system for the simultaneous determinations of dynamic Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in estuarine and coastal waters. Systematic studies in NaNO3 (as a supporting electrolyte) and seawater, indicated that variations in ionic strength, pH and dissolved oxygen did not affect the response of the instrument, whereas an Arrhenius type temperature response was observed. The VIP instrument allows the determination of 2-3 samples h-1, and has a detection limit (defined as 3σ) in seawater for Cd(II): 23 pM, Cu(II): 1.13 nM, and Pb(II): 23 pM. The VIP system accurately measured the total dissolved concentrations of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in two certified reference materials; SLRS-3, a river water, and SLEW-2, an estuarine water. Field evaluation of the instrumentation and analytical methods was achieved through a series of surveys in the Plym Estuary (Devon, UK), from which environmental data are presented.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/b300712j
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  • 5
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    Visualisation of natural aquatic colloids and particles - A comparison of conventional high vacuum and environmental scanning electron microscopy (2005)
    Royal Society of Chemistry
    In:  Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 7 (2). pp. 115-121.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: The applicability of environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM; imaging of hydrated samples) and conventional high vacuum scanning electron microscopy (SEM; imaging of dried samples at high vacuum) for the observation of natural aquatic colloids and particles was explored and compared. Specific attention was given to the advantages and limitations of these two techniques when used to assess the sizes and morphologies of complex and heterogeneous environmental systems. The observation of specimens using SEM involved drying and coating, whereas ESEM permitted their examination in hydrated form without prior sample preparation or conductive coating. The two techniques provided significantly different micrographs of the same sample. SEM provided sharper images, lower resolution limits (10 nm or lower), but more densely packed particles, suggesting aggregation, and different morphological features than ESEM, suggesting artefacts due to drying. ESEM produced less easily visualised materials, more complex interpretation, slightly higher resolution limits (30-50 nm), but these limitations were more than compensated for by the fact that ESEM samples retained, at least to some extent, their morphological integrity. The results in this paper show that SEM and ESEM should be regarded as complementary techniques for the study of aquatic colloids and particles and that ESEM should be more widely applied to aquatic environmental systems than hitherto. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1039/b413832e
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  • 6
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    Local adaptation constrains the distribution potential of heat-tolerant Symbiodinium from the Persian/Arabian Gulf (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  The ISME Journal, 9 (12). pp. 2551-2560.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: The symbiotic association of corals and unicellular algae of the genus Symbiodinium in the southern Persian/Arabian Gulf (PAG) display an exceptional heat tolerance, enduring summer peak temperatures of up to 36 °C. As yet, it is not clear whether this resilience is related to the presence of specific symbiont types that are exclusively found in this region. Therefore, we used molecular markers to identify the symbiotic algae of three Porites species along 〉1000 km of coastline in the PAG and the Gulf of Oman and found that a recently described species, Symbiodinium thermophilum, is integral to coral survival in the southern PAG, the world’s hottest sea. Despite the geographic isolation of the PAG, we discovered that representatives of the S. thermophilum group can also be found in the adjacent Gulf of Oman providing a potential source of thermotolerant symbionts that might facilitate the adaptation of Indian Ocean populations to the higher water temperatures expected for the future. However, corals from the PAG associated with S. thermophilum show strong local adaptation not only to high temperatures but also to the exceptionally high salinity of their habitat. We show that their superior heat tolerance can be lost when these corals are exposed to reduced salinity levels common for oceanic environments elsewhere. Consequently, the salinity prevailing in most reefs outside the PAG might represent a distribution barrier for extreme temperature-tolerant coral/Symbiodinium associations from the PAG.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.80
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Efficient removal of recalcitrant deep-ocean dissolved organic matter during hydrothermal circulation (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 8 (11). pp. 856-860.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-23
    Description: Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood. Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212-401°C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380°C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
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    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2543
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Metrology reference and standard materials (2018)
    AtlantOS
    In:  AtlantOS Deliverable, D6.5 . AtlantOS, 6 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-26
    Description: Reference material for trace elements linked to the International GEOTRACES programme (GEOMAR and UOP), create genomic standards and organize their community analysis (Ribocon), and standardize DNA extraction and sequencing (Ribocon and AWI).
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/atlantos_d6.5
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
  • 9
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    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 1 (7). pp. 439-443.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-23
    Description: Despite similar physical properties, the Northern and Southern Atlantic subtropical gyres have different biogeochemical regimes. The Northern subtropical gyre, which is subject to iron deposition from Saharan dust1, is depleted in the nutrient phosphate, possibly as a result of iron-enhanced nitrogen fixation2. Although phosphate depleted, rates of carbon fixation in the euphotic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre are comparable to those of the South Atlantic subtropical gyre3, which is not phosphate limited. Here we use the activity of the phosphorus-specific enzyme alkaline phosphatase to show potentially enhanced utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus occurring over much of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. We find that during the boreal spring up to 30% of primary production in the North Atlantic gyre is supported by dissolved organic phosphorus. Our diagnostics and composite map of the surface distribution of dissolved organic phosphorus in the subtropical Atlantic Ocean reveal shorter residence times in the North Atlantic gyre than the South Atlantic gyre. We interpret the asymmetry of dissolved organic phosphorus cycling in the two gyres as a consequence of enhanced nitrogen fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean4, which forces the system towards phosphorus limitation. We suggest that dissolved organic phosphorus utilization may contribute to primary production in other phosphorus-limited ocean settings as well.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1038/ngeo232
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 10
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    Metrology best practice manuals (2018)
    AtlantOS
    In:  AtlantOS Deliverable, D6.4 . AtlantOS, 62 pp.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-26
    Description: The outputs of workshops: genomic observatories (Ribocon and AWI), nutrients and oxygen sensor observations (Ifremer), carbonate chemistry sensors measurements (IO PAN) and trace elements measurements (UOP) will be turned into best practice manuals for free on-line dissemination.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.3289/atlantos_d6.4
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    OceanRep: Report - other report
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