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  • Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)  (4)
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  • Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)  (4)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental Cracking Susceptibility of Low-Alloy Steels Under a High H2S Pressure and High-Temperature Sour Environment
    Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP) ; 2018
    In:  Corrosion Vol. 74, No. 5 ( 2018-05-01), p. 509-519
    Details
    In: Corrosion, Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP), Vol. 74, No. 5 ( 2018-05-01), p. 509-519
    Abstract: Environmental cracking (EC) susceptibility of low-alloy steels with a specified minimum yield strength of 655 MPa (95 ksi) and 758 MPa (110 ksi) manufactured by quenching and tempering heat treatments was investigated in high H2S partial pressures (more than 1.0 MPa) using four-point bend tests in autoclaves. The H2S partial pressures and testing temperatures varied from 1.0 MPa to 10 MPa and 24°C to 150°C, respectively. Materials of grades 95 ksi and 110 ksi containing high Cr and Mo showed no macrocracking under all tested conditions. Localized corrosion occurred at several locations after exposure for 1 month under high H2S pressure and high-temperature conditions. It was concluded that the localized corrosion did not form macrocracking even after long-term (3 months) immersion tests. On the other hand, 110 ksi grade material containing low Cr and Mo suffered from sulfide stress cracking at low temperatures (below 66°C) and at an H2S pressure of 1.0 MPa. The material also showed EC at an H2S pressure of 10 MPa and temperature from 107°C to 150°C. The difference of EC susceptibility among the materials is discussed based on corrosion reactions, hydrogen absorption, and morphologies of the corrosion products on the steel surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0010-9312 , 1938-159X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5006/2669
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 217266-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043065-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Buffer System on the Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Low-Alloy Steel
    Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP) ; 2018
    In:  Corrosion Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2018-07-01), p. 788-800
    Details
    In: Corrosion, Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP), Vol. 74, No. 7 ( 2018-07-01), p. 788-800
    Abstract: The effects of a buffer system in test solution and CO2 partial pressure on sulfide stress cracking (SSC) susceptibility of low-alloy steel were investigated under pH 4.0 at 0.03 MPa H2S partial pressure. A double cantilever beam test was used to quantitatively evaluate SSC susceptibility. The corrosion rates and absorbed diffusible hydrogen concentration were also evaluated. Acetic acid/sodium acetate (acetate buffered solution) and carbonic acid/bicarbonate (bicarbonate buffered solution) buffered solutions were used as buffer systems in this study. From the results, in atmospheric pressure tests, KISSC values in bicarbonate buffered solutions were equivalent to or lower than those in acetate buffered solutions. In high CO2 partial pressure conditions, KISSC values in bicarbonate buffered solutions were much higher than those in acetate buffered solutions. At a high CO2 partial pressure and H2S partial pressure (pCO2/pH2S) ratio condition, hydrogen entry is considered to be greatly prevented by corrosion products probably containing amorphous iron carbonate. Presence of the corrosion product with high protectiveness produced in the high pCO2/pH2S ratio condition suggests the possibility that conventional test conditions using acetate buffered solutions are conservative or are equivalent test conditions for actual field conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0010-9312 , 1938-159X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5006/2626
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 217266-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043065-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Testing Temperature on Sulfide Stress Cracking of Low Alloy Steel
    Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP) ; 2018
    In:  Corrosion Vol. 74, No. 6 ( 2018-06-01), p. 603-612
    Details
    In: Corrosion, Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP), Vol. 74, No. 6 ( 2018-06-01), p. 603-612
    Abstract: In this study, effects of environmental temperature on susceptibility to sulfide stress cracking (SSC)—a type of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) occurring in sour environments—of low alloy steels were investigated from the perspective of hydrogen entry, absorption, and accumulation. SSC susceptibility was evaluated using a double cantilever beam (DCB) test and a four-point bend (4PB) test in sour environments at several testing temperatures. 4PB test specimens included notched and un-notched specimens to investigate influences of stress concentration and local stress. In the case of evaluation methods using specimens with high-stress concentration area, a decrease in testing temperature from room temperature to 4°C significantly increased SSC susceptibility. Hydrogen entry and absorption behaviors were also evaluated at several testing temperatures using a hydrogen permeation test. The hydrogen concentration at the plastic deformed area increased remarkably with decreasing testing temperature. It is considered that the influence of testing temperature is due to hydrogen concentration at the stress concentration area with plastic deformation. In a low temperature condition, the degree of hydrogen accumulation at the crack tip areas of a DCB specimen or crack initiation site of a 4PB specimen could be higher than that in a higher temperature condition. When steels are applied to low temperature conditions with H2S, a prior material evaluation reproducing both environmental temperature and actual stress condition is needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0010-9312 , 1938-159X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5006/2605
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 217266-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043065-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Environmental Factors on Hydrogen Absorption and Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Low Alloy Steel
    Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP) ; 2020
    In:  Corrosion Vol. 76, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 698-706
    Details
    In: Corrosion, Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP), Vol. 76, No. 7 ( 2020-07-01), p. 698-706
    Abstract: In this study, the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) susceptibility of high-strength low alloy steels was investigated quantitatively. Double cantilever beam tests were used to evaluate the effects of environmental factors, namely pH, H2S partial pressure, and temperature, on the SSC. The corrosion rates and the absorbed diffusible hydrogen concentration were also determined. The critical stress intensity factor (KISSC), which signifies the SSC susceptibility, was mainly affected by the H2S partial pressure and the temperature. Even though the solution pH apparently affected the corrosion rate, the influence of pH on KISSC was small. Considering these results, the environmental contribution in each elementary process of the SSC phenomenon was discussed. The estimated local hydrogen concentration at the crack tip area, which clearly depends on H2S partial pressure and temperature, showed good correlation to the KISSC obtained in various sour conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0010-9312 , 1938-159X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5006/3414
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 217266-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043065-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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