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  • Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)  (15)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-quality passive facial performance capture using anchor frames
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2011
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2011-07), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 2011-07), p. 1-10
    Abstract: We present a new technique for passive and markerless facial performance capture based on anchor frames . Our method starts with high resolution per-frame geometry acquisition using state-of-the-art stereo reconstruction, and proceeds to establish a single triangle mesh that is propagated through the entire performance. Leveraging the fact that facial performances often contain repetitive subsequences, we identify anchor frames as those which contain similar facial expressions to a manually chosen reference expression. Anchor frames are automatically computed over one or even multiple performances. We introduce a robust image-space tracking method that computes pixel matches directly from the reference frame to all anchor frames, and thereby to the remaining frames in the sequence via sequential matching. This allows us to propagate one reconstructed frame to an entire sequence in parallel, in contrast to previous sequential methods. Our anchored reconstruction approach also limits tracker drift and robustly handles occlusions and motion blur. The parallel tracking and mesh propagation offer low computation times. Our technique will even automatically match anchor frames across different sequences captured on different occasions, propagating a single mesh to all performances.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2010324.1964970
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 625686-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Designing inflatable structures
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2014
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2014-07-27), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 33, No. 4 ( 2014-07-27), p. 1-10
    Abstract: We propose an interactive, optimization-in-the-loop tool for designing inflatable structures. Given a target shape, the user draws a network of seams defining desired segment boundaries in 3D. Our method computes optimally-shaped flat panels for the segments, such that the inflated structure is as close as possible to the target while satisfying the desired seam positions. Our approach is underpinned by physics-based pattern optimization, accurate coarse-scale simulation using tension field theory, and a specialized constraint-optimization method. Our system is fast enough to warrant interactive exploration of different seam layouts, including internal connections, and their effects on the inflated shape. We demonstrate the resulting design process on a varied set of simulation examples, some of which we have fabricated, demonstrating excellent agreement with the design intent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2601097.2601166
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High-quality single-shot capture of facial geometry
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2010
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2010-07-26), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 29, No. 4 ( 2010-07-26), p. 1-9
    Abstract: This paper describes a passive stereo system for capturing the 3D geometry of a face in a single-shot under standard light sources. The system is low-cost and easy to deploy. Results are submillimeter accurate and commensurate with those from state-of-the-art systems based on active lighting, and the models meet the quality requirements of a demanding domain like the movie industry. Recovered models are shown for captures from both high-end cameras in a studio setting and from a consumer binocular-stereo camera, demonstrating scalability across a spectrum of camera deployments, and showing the potential for 3D face modeling to move beyond the professional arena and into the emerging consumer market in stereoscopic photography. Our primary technical contribution is a modification of standard stereo refinement methods to capture pore-scale geometry, using a qualitative approach that produces visually realistic results. The second technical contribution is a calibration method suited to face capture systems. The systemic contribution includes multiple demonstrations of system robustness and quality. These include capture in a studio setup, capture off a consumer binocular-stereo camera, scanning of faces of varying gender and ethnicity and age, capture of highly-transient facial expression, and scanning a physical mask to provide ground-truth validation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/1778765.1778777
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    Microstructures to control elasticity in 3D printing
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2015
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2015-07-27), p. 1-13
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2015-07-27), p. 1-13
    Abstract: We propose a method for fabricating deformable objects with spatially varying elasticity using 3D printing. Using a single, relatively stiff printer material, our method designs an assembly of small-scale microstructures that have the effect of a softer material at the object scale, with properties depending on the microstructure used in each part of the object. We build on work in the area of metamaterials, using numerical optimization to design tiled microstructures with desired properties, but with the key difference that our method designs families of related structures that can be interpolated to smoothly vary the material properties over a wide range. To create an object with spatially varying elastic properties, we tile the object's interior with microstructures drawn from these families, generating a different microstructure for each cell using an efficient algorithm to select compatible structures for neighboring cells. We show results computed for both 2D and 3D objects, validating several 2D and 3D printed structures using standard material tests as well as demonstrating various example applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2766926
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Coupled 3D reconstruction of sparse facial hair and skin
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2012
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2012-08-05), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2012-08-05), p. 1-10
    Abstract: Although facial hair plays an important role in individual expression, facial-hair reconstruction is not addressed by current face-capture systems. Our research addresses this limitation with an algorithm that treats hair and skin surface capture together in a coupled fashion so that a high-quality representation of hair fibers as well as the underlying skin surface can be reconstructed. We propose a passive, camera-based system that is robust against arbitrary motion since all data is acquired within the time period of a single exposure. Our reconstruction algorithm detects and traces hairs in the captured images and reconstructs them in 3D using a multiview stereo approach. Our coupled skin-reconstruction algorithm uses information about the detected hairs to deliver a skin surface that lies underneath all hairs irrespective of occlusions. In dense regions like eyebrows, we employ a hair-synthesis method to create hair fibers that plausibly match the image data. We demonstrate our scanning system on a number of individuals and show that it can successfully reconstruct a variety of facial-hair styles together with the underlying skin surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2185520.2185613
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 625686-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Fabricating translucent materials using continuous pigment mixtures
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2013
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2013-07-21), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 32, No. 4 ( 2013-07-21), p. 1-12
    Abstract: We present a method for practical physical reproduction and design of homogeneous materials with desired subsurface scattering. Our process uses a collection of different pigments that can be suspended in a clear base material. Our goal is to determine pigment concentrations that best reproduce the appearance and subsurface scattering of a given target material. In order to achieve this task we first fabricate a collection of material samples composed of known mixtures of the available pigments with the base material. We then acquire their reflectance profiles using a custom-built measurement device. We use the same device to measure the reflectance profile of a target material. Based on the database of mappings from pigment concentrations to reflectance profiles, we use an optimization process to compute the concentration of pigments to best replicate the target material appearance. We demonstrate the practicality of our method by reproducing a variety of different translucent materials. We also present a tool that allows the user to explore the range of achievable appearances for a given set of pigments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2461912.2461974
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Detailed spatio-temporal reconstruction of eyelids
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2015
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2015-07-27), p. 1-11
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 34, No. 4 ( 2015-07-27), p. 1-11
    Abstract: In recent years we have seen numerous improvements on 3D scanning and tracking of human faces, greatly advancing the creation of digital doubles for film and video games. However, despite the high-resolution quality of the reconstruction approaches available, current methods are unable to capture one of the most important regions of the face - the eye region. In this work we present the first method for detailed spatio-temporal reconstruction of eyelids. Tracking and reconstructing eyelids is extremely challenging, as this region exhibits very complex and unique skin deformation where skin is folded under while opening the eye. Furthermore, eyelids are often only partially visible and obstructed due to self-occlusion and eyelashes. Our approach is to combine a geometric deformation model with image data, leveraging multi-view stereo, optical flow, contour tracking and wrinkle detection from local skin appearance. Our deformation model serves as a prior that enables reconstruction of eyelids even under strong self-occlusions caused by rolling and folding skin as the eye opens and closes. The output is a person-specific, time-varying eyelid reconstruction with anatomically plausible deformations. Our high-resolution detailed eyelids couple naturally with current facial performance capture approaches. As a result, our method can largely increase the fidelity of facial capture and the creation of digital doubles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2766924
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of human faces using a measurement-based skin reflectance model
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2006
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2006-07), p. 1013-1024
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 25, No. 3 ( 2006-07), p. 1013-1024
    Abstract: We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering using custom-built devices for 149 subjects of varying age, gender, and race. We developed a novel skin reflectance model whose parameters can be estimated from measurements. The model decomposes the large amount of measured skin data into a spatially-varying analytic BRDF, a diffuse albedo map, and diffuse subsurface scattering. Our model is intuitive, physically plausible, and -- since we do not use the original measured data -- easy to edit as well. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. The analysis of the model parameters for our sample population reveals variations according to subject age, gender, skin type, and external factors (e.g., sweat, cold, or makeup). Using our statistics, a user can edit the overall appearance of a face (e.g., changing skin type and age) or change small-scale features using texture synthesis (e.g., adding moles and freckles). We are making the collected statistics publicly available to the research community for applications in face synthesis and analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/1141911.1141987
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multi-scale capture of facial geometry and motion
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2007
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2007-07-29), p. 33-
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 26, No. 3 ( 2007-07-29), p. 33-
    Abstract: We present a novel multi-scale representation and acquisition method for the animation of high-resolution facial geometry and wrinkles. We first acquire a static scan of the face including reflectance data at the highest possible quality. We then augment a traditional marker-based facial motion-capture system by two synchronized video cameras to track expression wrinkles. The resulting model consists of high-resolution geometry, motion-capture data, and expression wrinkles in 2D parametric form. This combination represents the facial shape and its salient features at multiple scales. During motion synthesis the motion-capture data deforms the high-resolution geometry using a linear shell-based mesh-deformation method. The wrinkle geometry is added to the facial base mesh using nonlinear energy optimization. We present the results of our approach for performance replay as well as for wrinkle editing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/1276377.1276419
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physical face cloning
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2012
    In:  ACM Transactions on Graphics Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2012-08-05), p. 1-10
    Details
    In: ACM Transactions on Graphics, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 31, No. 4 ( 2012-08-05), p. 1-10
    Abstract: We propose a complete process for designing, simulating, and fabricating synthetic skin for an animatronics character that mimics the face of a given subject and its expressions. The process starts with measuring the elastic properties of a material used to manufacture synthetic soft tissue. Given these measurements we use physics-based simulation to predict the behavior of a face when it is driven by the underlying robotic actuation. Next, we capture 3D facial expressions for a given target subject. As the key component of our process, we present a novel optimization scheme that determines the shape of the synthetic skin as well as the actuation parameters that provide the best match to the target expressions. We demonstrate this computational skin design by physically cloning a real human face onto an animatronics figure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0730-0301 , 1557-7368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/2185520.2185614
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006336-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 625686-7
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