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  • Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine  (11)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Protocol for the Examination of Specimens From Patients With Tumors of the Brain/Spinal Cord
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2008
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 132, No. 6 ( 2008-06-01), p. 907-912
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 132, No. 6 ( 2008-06-01), p. 907-912
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-907-PFTEOS
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028916-9
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Surgical Neuropathology Update: A Review of Changes Introduced by the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, 4th Edition
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2008
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 132, No. 6 ( 2008-06-01), p. 993-1007
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 132, No. 6 ( 2008-06-01), p. 993-1007
    Abstract: Context.—The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published its 4th edition of the classification of tumors of the central nervous system, incorporating a substantial number of important changes to the previous version (WHO 2000). The new WHO classification introduces 7 changes in the grading of central nervous system neoplasms, ranging in significance from minor to major, in categories of anaplastic oligoastrocytomas, meningiomas, choroid plexus tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors, ganglioglioma, cerebellar liponeurocytoma, and hemangiopericytomas. The 4th edition also introduces 10 newly codified entities, variants, and patterns, as well as 1 new genetic syndrome. A number of established brain tumors are reorganized, including medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors, in an attempt to more closely align classification with current understanding of central nervous system neoplasia. Objective.—To summarize and discuss the most significant updates in the 4th edition for the practicing surgical pathologist, including (1) changes in grading among established entities; (2) newly codified tumor entities, variants, patterns, and syndromes; and (3) changes in the classification of existing brain tumors. Data Sources.—The primary source for this review is the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, 4th edition. Other important sources include the 3rd edition of this book and the primary literature that supported changes in the 4th edition. Conclusions.—The new edition of the WHO blue book reflects advancements in the understanding of brain tumors in terms of classification, grading, and new entities. The changes introduced are substantial and will have an impact on the practice of general surgical pathologists and neuropathologists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2008-132-993-SNUARO
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028916-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Tumors of the Central Nervous System
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2015
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 139, No. 9 ( 2015-09-01), p. 1087-1093
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 139, No. 9 ( 2015-09-01), p. 1087-1093
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0588-CP
    RVK:
    XA 10000
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    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028916-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Errors in Surgical Neuropathology and the Influence of Cognitive Biases: The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2006
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 130, No. 5 ( 2006-05-01), p. 613-616
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 130, No. 5 ( 2006-05-01), p. 613-616
    Abstract: Context.—A significant difficulty that pathologists encounter in arriving at a correct diagnosis is related to the way information from various sources is processed and assimilated in context. Objective.—These issues are addressed by the science of cognitive psychology. Although cognitive biases are the focus of a number of studies on medical decision making, few if any focus on the visual sciences. Data Sources.—A recent publication authored by Richards Heuer, Jr, The Psychology of Intelligence Analysis, directly addresses many of the cognitive biases faced by neuropathologists and anatomic pathologists in general. These biases include visual anticipation, first impression, and established mindsets and subconsciously influence our critical decision-making processes. Conclusions.—The book points out that while biases are an inherent property of cognition, the influence of such biases can be recognized and the effects blunted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2006-130-613-EISNAT
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2006
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathologic Quiz Case: Pituitary Mass in a 48-Year-Old Woman
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2001
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 125, No. 2 ( 2001-02-01), p. 299-300
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 125, No. 2 ( 2001-02-01), p. 299-300
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0299-PQCPMI
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028916-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Validation of an Immunohistochemistry Assay for Detection of CD155, the Poliovirus Receptor, in Malignant Gliomas
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2017
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 141, No. 12 ( 2017-12-01), p. 1697-1704
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 141, No. 12 ( 2017-12-01), p. 1697-1704
    Abstract: The oncolytic polio-rhinovirus recombinant (PVSRIPO) has demonstrated promise in currently ongoing phase I/II clinical trials against recurrent glioblastoma and was granted breakthrough therapy designation by the Food and Drug Administration/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. A reliable clinical assay to document expression of the poliovirus receptor, CD155, in routinely available patient tumor samples is needed for continued clinical development of PVSRIPO oncolytic immunotherapy in primary brain tumors and beyond. Objectives.— To validate a novel anti-CD155 antibody for immunohistochemistry and develop a robust, reliable, and specific protocol for detecting CD155 expression in glioblastoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. To characterize the expression of CD155 in human glioblastoma cells as well as to evaluate the influence of CD155 expression levels on tumor cell susceptibility to PVSRIPO infection and killing. Design.— Immunohistochemical staining on glioblastoma FFPE tissue sections and immunoblot of corresponding frozen tissues were performed. Positive controls were confirmed sites of poliovirus propagation, spinal cord anterior horn, and tonsils; negative controls were vascular smooth muscle in patient samples and FFPE sections from a confirmed CD155-negative Burkitt lymphoma line (Raji). Results.— We succeeded in developing a reliable assay to specifically detect CD155 by immunohistochemistry in glioblastoma FFPE sections. Our data suggest widespread, virtually universal expression of CD155 in glioblastoma cells at levels commensurate with susceptibility to PVSRIPO infection and killing. Conclusions.— Anti-CD155 antibody D3G7H achieves monospecific detection of CD155 in immunoblots of tumor homogenates and immunohistochemistry of tumor FFPE sections. Our assay has utility in defining appropriate use of PVSRIPO in oncolytic immunotherapy against malignant glioma and other cancer histotypes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-9985 , 1543-2165
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0580-OA
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028916-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Embryonal Central Nervous System Neoplasms Arising in Infants and Young Children: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Study
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2011
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 135, No. 8 ( 2011-08-01), p. 984-993
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 135, No. 8 ( 2011-08-01), p. 984-993
    Abstract: Context.—Medulloblastomas (MBs) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) arising in infants and children can be difficult to distinguish; however, histologic characterization is prognostically important. Objective.—To determine histologic and phenotypic markers associated with utility with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in children younger than 3 years with MBs and AT/RTs. Design.—We undertook a histologic and immunophenotypic study of MBs and AT/RTs arising in infants and children younger than 3 years treated in a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study. The 41 girls and 55 boys ranged in age from 2 to 36 months at enrollment. These infants and children exhibited 51 MBs, 26 AT/RTs, and 24 other tumors (not further studied). Median follow-up of the patients was 17.2 months from diagnosis (range: 1.4–93 months). Results.—Infants and children with AT/RT exhibited a statistically significant shorter PFS and OS when compared to infants and children with MBs (both P & lt; .001). A lack of nuclear BAF47 immunohistochemical reactivity proved reliable in identifying AT/RTs. Among MBs, our data suggest an association of nodularity and prolonged PFS and OS, which must be independently confirmed. Anaplasia correlated with OTX2 reactivity and both OTX2 and moderate to severe anaplasia correlated with PFS but not with OS. Conclusion.—Distinguishing AT/RT from MBs is clinically important. For expert neuropathologists, the diagnoses of AT/RT and MB can be reliably made from hematoxylin-eosin stains in the vast majority of cases. However certain rare small cell variants of AT/RT can be confused with MB. We also found that immunohistochemical reactivity for BAF47 is clinically useful in distinguishing MBs from AT/RTs and for identifying certain small cell AT/RTs. Among MBs, nodularity may be an important prognostic factor for improved PFS and OS in infants and children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-9985 , 1543-2165
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2010-0515-OAR1
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    HAM56-Immunoreactive Macrophages in Untreated Infiltrating Gliomas
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2001
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 125, No. 5 ( 2001-05-01), p. 637-641
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 125, No. 5 ( 2001-05-01), p. 637-641
    Abstract: Context.—Classic diagnostic neuropathologic teachings have cautioned against making the diagnosis of neoplasia in the presence of a macrophage population. The knowledge of macrophage distribution should prove useful when confronted with an infiltrating glioma containing macrophages. Objective.—To identify macrophages in untreated, infiltrating gliomas using the monoclonal antibody HAM56, and to confirm their presence in an untreated glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) method. Methods.—We evaluated the presence of macrophages in 16 cases of untreated, supratentorial infiltrating gliomas with the macrophage monoclonal antibody HAM56. We performed SAGE for one case of GBM and for normal brain tissue. Results.—In World Health Organization (WHO) grade II well-differentiated astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, HAM56 reactivity was noted only in endothelial cells, and unequivocal macrophages were not identified. In WHO grade III anaplastic astrocytoma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma, rare HAM56-positive macrophages were noted in solid areas of tumor. In WHO grade IV GBM, HAM56-positive macrophages were identified in areas of solid tumor (mean labeling index, 8.6%). In all cases of GBM, nonquantitated HAM56-positive macrophages were identified in foci of pseudopalisading cells abutting necrosis and in foci of microvascular proliferations. In none of the cases were granulomas or microglial nodules found, and there was no prior history of surgical intervention, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or head trauma in these cases. By SAGE, the macrophage-related proteins osteopontin and macrophage-capping protein were overexpressed 12-fold and eightfold, respectively, in one untreated GBM compared with normal brain tissue. In this case, numerous HAM56-positive macrophages (labeling index, 24.5%) were present in the solid portion of tumor, and abundant nonquantified macrophages were identified in foci of pseudopalisading cells abutting necrosis and in foci of microvascular proliferations. Conclusions.—This study confirms the utility of the monoclonal antibody HAM56 in identifying macrophages within untreated infiltrating gliomas. The overexpression of macrophage-related proteins in one case of GBM as detected by SAGE signifies that macrophages may be present in untreated GBMs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2001-125-0637-HIMIUI
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Second Messenger Systems in Human Gliomas
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 2007
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 131, No. 10 ( 2007-10-01), p. 1585-1590
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 131, No. 10 ( 2007-10-01), p. 1585-1590
    Abstract: Context.—Patients with glioblastoma (astrocytoma, World Health Organization grade IV) exhibit 2-year survival rates of less than 20% despite significant advances in therapeutic options available to patients. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) hyperexpression is one of the most commonly encountered abnormalities in this tumor. However, EGFR expression, amplification, and mutations are poorly predictive of patient survival. Investigators have taken to exploiting the sensitivities of activated downstream targets in the EGFR second messenger pathways to certain inhibitory drugs to downregulate their neoplastic messages promoting cell growth and inhibiting cell death. Objective.—It is important to both gain some understanding of the functional significance of these pathways and to understand the role the pathologist might play in characterizing the activation status of certain downstream messenger proteins that are targeted in these brain tumor therapies. We have reviewed the literature regarding histologic assays that have been incorporated into trials of these new drugs and report on the methods used to study these proteins and the conclusions of these studies. Data Sources.—Literature review and primary material from Duke University (Durham, NC) Department of Pathology archives. Conclusions.—To date, drug trial reports indicate that identification of the presence of the EGFR variant, EGFRvIII, and measurement of the activated downstream targets, phospho-Akt, phospho-S6, and phospho-MAPK, may be useful in predicting sensitivity to some of the EGFR kinase inhibitors. No studies to date have identified prognostic significance related to immunoreactivity status among any of these markers that is independent of histologic grade.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-1585-SMSIHG
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2028916-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Malignant Supratentorial Ganglioglioma (Ganglion Cell–Giant Cell Glioblastoma)
    Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ; 1999
    In:  Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Vol. 123, No. 4 ( 1999-04-01), p. 342-345
    Details
    In: Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 123, No. 4 ( 1999-04-01), p. 342-345
    Abstract: Background.—From both epidemiologic and pathologic viewpoints, gangliogliomas exhibiting components of giant cell glioblastomas are extraordinary neoplasms. We report herein the case of a 6-year-old girl who presented initially with a World Health Organization grade IV anaplastic ganglioglioma (a mixed ganglion cell tumor–giant cell glioblastoma). Despite aggressive management, the patient died of disease in a relatively short period. Methods.—Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were sectioned at 5 μm for histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. Hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections and immunohistochemically stained sections from the primary and secondary resections were reviewed. Reactivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein, synaptophysin, and Ki67 nuclear antigen was evaluated. Results.—Histologically, 2 distinct cell populations were noted on both the primary and secondary resections. The primary resection revealed a neoplasm having a predominant glial component consistent with a glioblastoma. Interspersed were dysmorphic ganglion cells supporting a diagnosis of ganglioglioma. The second resection (following therapy) demonstrated a much more prominent dysmorphic ganglion cell component and a subdued glial component. Conclusion.—Although immunohistochemical analysis clearly distinguished the 2 tumor cell populations, the identification of Nissl substance in neurons proved to be equally helpful. Although other cases of grade III gangliogliomas and rare cases of grade IV gangliogliomas have been reported, the present case is exceptional in that, to our knowledge, it is the only report of a patient who presented initially with a composite grade IV ganglioglioma and who was clinically followed up to the time of death. This case allows direct comparison between the histologic findings in a giant cell glioblastoma and a ganglioglioma and documents the aggressive biologic behavior of this complex neoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1543-2165 , 0003-9985
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5858/1999-123-0342-MSGGCG
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    RVK:
    XA 29700
    Language: English
    Publisher: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
    Publication Date: 1999
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