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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management of Genetics of Biological-Control Introductions (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 38 (1993), S. 27-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.000331
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of plant chemical cues in determining host preference in the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 97 (2000), S. 41-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid parasitoid ; Aphidiinae ; host preference ; host selection ; plant preference ; olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The host preference behaviour of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemaniwas investigated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Female A. colemanishowed a preference for the host-plant complex on which they had been reared, even though the same aphid host was involved, demonstrating a host plant preference. This preference was not evident when the parasitoids were dissected from their mummies prior to adult emergence. Host plant preference exhibited during host selection appeared to be induced by chemical cues encountered on the mummy case at the time of emergence, but preferences could be changed by subsequent foraging experiences. It is concluded that plant chemical cues play a major role in determining initial preferences through a process of emergence conditioning but that learning processes, involving cues encountered during oviposition in or contact with the host, can modify these initial preferences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004052717737
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromones in the cereal aphid parasitoidsPraon volucre andAphidius rhopalosiphi (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 69 (1993), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Aphidiinae ; aphid ; sex pheromone ; parasitoid ; Praon volucre ; Aphidius rhopalosiphi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory and field experiments provided evidence for the release of sex pheromones by virgin femalePraon volucre Haliday andAphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae). In Petri dish biosassays, rubber or vermiculite models treated with crude virgin female extracts were frequently approached by males and elicited rapid wing-fanning behaviour and copulation attempts. Delta-shaped water traps containing live virgin females caught large numbers of conspecific males when placed in winter wheat crops. Trapping slightly below crop height resulted in higher catches than trapping above the crop canopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380671
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetic aphid sex pheromone lures female parasitoids (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphid ; field trial ; parasitoids ; Praon ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367174
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of aphids and honeydew on the leaving rate of searching aphid parasitoids from wheat plants (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphid ; parasitoid ; honeydew ; behaviour ; cereals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Dispersal cages were used to investigate the effects of aphids and treatment with artificial honeydew on the leaving rate of searching females of the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi from groups of wheat plants. Parasitoids which flew away from groups of plants placed in the centre of a cage were trapped on the sides and roof of the cage and thus were prevented from returning to the plants. The positions of trapped parasitoids suggested their direction of flight when dispersing from the plants. Parasitoids increased their residence times on groups of plants in the presence of aphids and of artificial honeydew, but the rate of parasitism of the host Sitobion avenae was not raised by the presence of artificial honeydew under the experimental conditions used. The direction of flight taken by the majority of parasitoids suggested that they were leaving the plants in order to locate further plants nearby to continue searching rather than to terminate searching and disperse away from the area. The need to consider plant patch size in studies of parasitoid searching behaviour is stressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192774
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of honeydew as an ovipositional stimulant for two species of syrphids (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 57-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Syrphidae ; aphid ; honeydew ; oviposition ; olfaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of honeydew contamination on egg laying by the syrphidsEpisyrphus balteatus (Deg.) andPlatycheirus albimanus (F.) on ears of wheat was investigated in a large laboratory flight cage. Artificially-applied honeydew elicited oviposition byE. balteatus but not byPlatycheirus albimanus.Episyrphus balteatus females landed more frequently on ears contaminated with honeydew than on clean ears, suggesting a response to honeydew volatiles. Honeydew from the rose-grain aphidMetopolophium dirhodum and from the pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisum stimulatedE. balteatus to lay eggs, whereas honeydew from the nettle aphidMicrolophium carnosum did not. The number of eggs laid byE. balteatus increased with increasing honeydew concentration. At low honeydew concentrations the presence of aphids increased oviposition byE. balteatus, but aphid presence had little effect on the number of eggs laid at high honeydew concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688994
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in body length, weight, fat content and survival inCoccinella septempunctata at different hibernation sites (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 99-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: body size ; weight ; fat content ; altitude ; Coccinella septempunctata ; winter mortality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adults ofCoccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae) were sampled in four overwintering sites: one in England and three at different altitudes in the Czech Republic (350–1420 m above sea level) in autumn 1992 and spring 1993. Body length, dry weight and fat weight were measured. There were significant differences in body length between sampling sites in spring 1993, but not in autumn 1992. The average sex ratio (♀) in all samples was 1∶0.60 in 1992 and 1∶0.72 in 1993. Females were significantly larger and heavier, and contained more fat than males in both sampling periods. Dry weight and fat weight were positively correlated to body length at all sampling sites except at Ruzyne, in the Czech Republic. Adults hibernating at higher altitudes and away from their breeding and feeding habitats had significantly more fat than those hibernating at lower altitudes. Fat reserves were reduced by 30% during the hibernation at the top of the Krkonose mountain, in the Czech Republic, where temperatures were much lower, but more than half of the fat reserves were consumed during the overwintering period at the other sampling sites. The significance of body length and fat reserves in relation to adult hibernation sites and overwintering survival is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382168
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses to aphid sex pheromones by the pea aphid parasitoids Aphidius ervi and Aphidius eadyi (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid parasitoid ; Aphidiinae ; aphid sex pheromone ; pea aphid ; wind tunnel ; plant-host complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aphidius ervi and Aphidius eadyi, two parasitoids of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, were attracted to components of the aphid sex pheromone in laboratory bioassays. Pre-test experience with host aphids in the presence of aphid sex pheromone did not affect the response of A. ervi to pheromone in a 4-way olfactometer, compared with that of naive parasitoids. Aphidius ervi females exposed only to the pheromone prior to testing did not respond in the olfactometer, suggesting habituation to the foraging cue by the parasitoid. In a wind tunnel, aphid sex pheromone increased the attraction of A. ervi to the plant-host complex (Vicia faba/A. pisum), suggesting an additive effect when two different foraging cues are present simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003820406770
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoresis as a tool for estimating levels of hymenopterous parasitism in field populations of the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'électrophorèse sur gel de polyacrylamide a servi à déterminer l'importance du parasitisme de populations naturelles de S. avenae F. Des clés électrophorétiques, préparées à partir de parasitoïdes élevés au laboratoire, ont été utilisées pour identifier les parasitoïdes provenant des pucerons récoltés dans la nature. Ainsi ont été décelés les parasites primaires: Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez, A. ervi Haliday, A. picipes Nees, Praon volucre Haliday, Ephedrus plagiator Nees et Aphelinus abdominalis Dalman. Quelques bandes non-identifiées devraient être attribuées à des hyperparasitoïdes. L'électrophorèse a été comparée aux techniques d'échantillonnage plus conventionnelles de décompte des momies et d'élevage des individus vivants utilisées pour estimer le taux de parasitisme. L'électrophorèse et les méthodes d'élevage donnent généralement des résultats semblables pour les 2 niveaux de parasitisme et la composition en espèces de parasitoïdes, tandis que le décompte des momies tend à donner des résultats inférieurs.
    Notes: Abstract Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor levels of parasitism in field populations of the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Electrophoretic keys previously prepared from laboratory-reared parasitoids were used to identify parasitoids within field-collected aphids. Using this approach, the primary parasitoids Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez, Aphidius ervi (Haliday), Aphidius picipes (Nees), Praon volucre Haliday, Ephedrus plagiator Nees and Aphelinus abdominalis Dalman were detected. Some unidentified banding patterns were also obtained, most of which were probably attributable to the presence of hyperparasitoids. Electrophoresis was compared with the more conventional sampling techniques of live-rearing and mummy counts as a means of estimating percentage parasitism. Electrophoresis was found to be a much quicker method than live-rearing and gave similar results for both levels of parasitism and parasitoid species composition, whereas mummy counts tended to give lower estimates than the other two methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186796
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adrenochrome-thiol addition products (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 124-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Les aminochromes réagissent avec les thiols à des pH neutres ou légèrement acides en donnant des dihydro-4,9-aminochromes-9-thiosubstitués. On a pu isoler un dérivép-nitrophénylhydrazonique de ce genre de composé et déterminer sa structure à l'aide de la spectroscopie RMN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01935706
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