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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 42 (1991), S. 459-469 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous studies have demonstrated that liposomal encapsulation decreases the life-threatening chronic and acute toxicities of doxorubicin in the face of unaltered or improved antitumor activity. Minimal attention has been paid to the encapsulation effect on the lesser toxicities of the drug, specifically the vesicant properties. In this report we assess the effect of the encapsulation of doxorubicin in an egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC) cholesterol liposome on the drug's topical toxicity. In addition, to ensure acceptable activity and reduction in toxicity comparable with those of previously assessed formulations, the cardiac and acute toxicities and antitumor activity of the liposomal doxorubicin complex were also investigated. Antitumor efficacy was assessed using the metastatic murine P815 mastocytoma model. Equivalent doses of free and encapsulated doxorubicin possessed the same antitumor activity in the prolongation of animal survival in 14-day survival studies conducted to assess the effect of liposomal encapsulation on the acute toxicity of this drug. The LD50 of liposomal doxorubicin was found to be 40 mg/kg, 53% higher than that of free doxorubicin (26 mg/kg). Histologic examination of cardiac sections taken from DBA/2J mice 7 days after a single i.v. injection of free or liposomal doxorubicin (25 mg/kg) revealed that the liposomal preparation was much less cardiotoxic. In animals receiving the free drug, edema, monocytic infiltration, and cell necrosis were evident. In contrast, those receiving the liposomal preparation demonstrated slight cellular edema but showed no evidence of cellular necrosis. To assess vesicant properties, DBA/2J mice were given a single s.c. injection (0.2 ml) of free or loposomal doxorubicin (2 mg/ml). Those receiving the free drug immediately developed erythema and edema at the injection site, which progressed to ulceration. Those receiving the liposomal complex developed slight erythema and edema but did not ulcerate at any time. All signs of irritation in this group had subsided 3 weeks postinjection. In summary, the liposomal complex used eliminated the vesicant properties of doxorubicin as well as significantly decreasing its cardiac and acute toxicities in the face of unaltered antitumor activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An extract of the meningococcus antigens (MA) prepared from N. meningitidis was tested for an anti-tumor effect in rat and murine metastasizing tumor models. Effectiveness of MA in each model varied with dose and was manifested as significantly improved survival of the treated animals. Growth of the primary Fischer bladder carcinoma (FBCa) and metastases to lungs and lymph nodes were significantly inhibited in F344 rats treated weekly with 1 mg MA. Administration of MA at 100 μg per animal significantly prolonged survival of P815 mastocytoma-inoculated DBA/2 mice. Survival of C-26 colon adenocarcinoma-bearing Balb/c mice was significantly improved in animals that received weekly injections of 20 μg MA, without significant effect on the development of local tumor. The meningococcal antigens demonstrate strong mitogenic activity in B-cell-enriched murine spleen cultures. Thus the immunostimulatory activity of MA in experimental malignancy could involve, directly or indirectly, activation of B lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hautinfektionen ; Antibiotikatherapie ; Bakterielle Infektionen ; Keywords Skin infections ; Antibiotic therapy ; Bacterial infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Background and Objective. For rational therapeutic recommendations the spectrum and resistance of bacteria in skin diseases were investigated. Patients/Methods. Within 4 months 911 swabs of dematoses possibly caused by bacteria were taken prospectively (481 outpatients, 430 inpatients) and the material cultured on standard media. The positive cultures including resistance screening of 210 swabs of 168 outpatients and of 175 swabs of 85 inpatients could be evaluated, the remaining cultures were sterile. Results. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen (outpatient 67%, inpatient 61% of all positive cultures), followed by streptococci (groups A and B; 25%). In patients Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common pathogen in leg ulcers and between the toes (45% and 70% respectively). 13% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to tetracyclines and erythromycin; one strain proved to be methicillin resistant. Conclusions. Cephalosporins (I. generation), penicillins with b-lactamase-inhibitors, and to a lesser extent isoxazoyl-penicillin and clindamycin can be recommended for the treatment of skin infections. Oral quinolones are suited for infections with gram-negative bacteria (such as beween the toes). The indications for systemic antibiotic therapy of leg ulcers should be restricted.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Fragestellung. Zur Erarbeitung rationaler Behandlungsrichtlinien wurde die Erreger- und Resistenzsituation potenziell bakteriell verursachter Hauterkrankungen erfasst. Patienten/Methodik. Innerhalb von 4 Monaten wurden 911 Abstriche entnommen (481 ambulant, 430 stationär) und das Untersuchungsmaterial auf Standardmedien angezüchtet. Bei 210 Abstrichen von 168 ambulanten Patienten sowie 175 von 85 stationären Patienten wurden Erreger einschließlich Antibiogramm ausgewertet, die übrigen waren steril. Ergebnisse. Staphylococcus aureus war am häufigsten nachweisbar (ambulant 67%, stationär 61% aller positiven Kulturen), gefolgt von Streptokokken (Gruppe A,B: 25%). In Ulzera bzw. im Zehenzwischenraum stationärer Patienten dominierte Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45 bzw. 70%). Durchschnittlich waren 13% der Staphylococcus-aureus-Isolate gegen Tetrazykline und Erythromycin resistent, ein Stamm war Methicillin-resistent. Schlussfolgerungen. Zur Behandlung von Hautinfektionen können in erster Linie Cephalosporine (I. Generation) und inhibitorgeschützte Penizilline, eingeschränkt Isoxazoylpenicilline und Clindamycin empfohlen werden. Orale Chinolone sind für Infektionen mit gramnegativen Erregern geeignet (Zehenzwischenraum). Die Indikation zur systemischen antibiotischen Therapie von Ulcera crurum ist restriktiv zu stellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 661-663 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Wood science and technology 19 (1985), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1432-5225
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary The objective of this study was to develop an appropriate mathematical model to study the behavior of the stress waves in the radial-tangential plane of utility poles. It is hoped that such a study could increase the ability to use the sonic testing method in field testing procedures. A two-dimensional plane strain finite element program with dynamic capabilities was used in the study. At this point in the model development, homogeneous isotropic material properties were assumed. The pattern and duration of passage time through the pole was adequately modeled, particularly in regions on the circumference removed by more than 90 degrees from the location of impact. The model studies indicate that with more research it might be possible to develop a field testing procedure using the sonic testing method which could distinguish between large ringshake and advanced decay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of plant growth regulation 3 (1984), S. 183-187 
    ISSN: 1435-8107
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Peanut,Arachis hypogaea, plants were treated in the field with the bioregulator BAS 105 00W, 4-chloro-5-dimethylamino-2-phenylpyridazin-3-one, a substituted pyridazinone, at different times of development. The seeds were harvested, dried, hand-shelled, and analyzed for lipoxygenase activity and conjugated diene hydroperoxide content. Reduced lipoxygenase activity occurred when the bioregulator was applied to the plants at flowering and pegging. The conjugated diene hydroperoxide content decreased the most in peanuts when the bioregulator was applied at pegging. The apparent Km for lipoxygenase of treated peanuts with linoleic acid as substrate was the same as that for untreated peanuts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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