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  • American Society of Limnology and Oceanography  (2)
  • Fraunhofer IGD  (1)
  • Royal Society of London  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: Large and productive fisheries occur in regions experiencing or projected to experience ocean acidification. Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) constitute the world's largest single-species fishery and live in one of the ocean's highest pCO2 regions. We investigated the relationship of the distribution and abundance of Anchoveta eggs and larvae to natural gradients in pCO2 in the Peruvian upwelling system. Eggs and larvae, zooplankton, and data on temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a and pCO2 were collected during a cruise off Peru in 2013. pCO2 ranged from 167-1392 µatm and explained variability in egg presence, an index of spawning habitat. Zooplankton abundance explained variability in the abundance of small larvae. Within the main spawning and larva habitats (6-10°S), eggs were found in cool, low-salinity, and both extremely low (less than 200 µatm) and high (more than 900 µatm) pCO2 waters, and larvae were collected in warmer, higher salinity, and moderate (400-600 µatm) pCO2 waters. Our data support the hypothesis that Anchoveta preferentially spawned at high pCO2 and these eggs had lower survival. Enhanced understanding of the influence of pCO2 on Anchoveta spawning and larva mortality, together with pCO2 measurements, may enable predictions of ocean acidification effects on Anchoveta and inform adaptive fisheries management.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The role of the global surface ocean as a source and sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and the flux strengths between the ocean and the atmosphere can be quantified by measuring the fugacity of CO2 (ƒCO2) as well as the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and its isotopic composition in surface seawater. In this work, the potential of continuous wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) for autonomous underway measurements of ƒCO2 and the stable carbon isotope ratio of DIC [δ13C(DIC)] is explored. For the first time, by using a conventional air-sea equilibrator setup, both quantities were continuously and simultaneously recorded during a field deployment on two research cruises following meridional transects across the Atlantic Ocean (Bremerhaven, Germany–Punta Arenas, Chile). Data are compared against reference measurements by an established underway CO2 monitoring system and isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of individual water samples. Agreement within ΔƒCO2 = 0.35 μatm for atmospheric and ΔƒCO2 = 2.5 μatm and Δδ13C(DIC) =0.33‰ for seawater measurements have been achieved. Whereas “calibration-free” ƒCO2 monitoring is feasible, the measurement of accurate isotope ratios relies on running reference standards on a daily basis. Overall, the installed CRDS/equilibrator system was shown to be capable of reliable online monitoring of ƒCO2, equilibrium δ13C(CO2), δ13C(DIC), and pO2 aboard moving research vessels, thus making possible corresponding measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The potential of a continuous wave cavity ringdown spectrometer for monitoring the isotope ratio 13CO2/12CO2 and the partial pressure pCO2 of CO2 dissolved in water was thoroughly analyzed by quantitative measurements. Running calibration gas standards under typical operation conditions, a relative accuracy of D(d13C[CO2]) = ±0.1‰ with 120 min averaging time has been demonstrated. Absolute uncertainties were determined to be D(d13C[CO2]) = ±0.2‰ and D(xCO2) = ±0.5 ppmv. No principle problems were encountered when using the instrument in combination with a water-air equilibration setup. By contrast, when performing measurements of CO2 in gas matrices with a composition different from that of ambient air, pressure broadening linewidth effects induced significant errors in both d13C(CO2) and xCO2 values. These effects, which compromise the accessible accuracy in environmental studies, can be quantitatively taken into account by using a spectroscopically based correction procedure. Relying on linewidth analysis, the instrument was shown to be capable of continuous and simultaneous measurement of d13C(CO2), pCO2, as well as water content and O2 supersaturation, and thus holds the potential for online monitoring of these quantities aboard research vessels.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Die Aufgaben des Fraunhofer IGD im Rahmen des Projektes FLEXMOT waren die Entwicklung von Modulen für den Datenempfang, die Datenverwaltung und die Datenvisualisierung. Seit der gemeinsamen Festlegung durch alle Projektpartner im Konsortialmeeting am 29.10.2013 zeichnete das Fraunhofer IGD auch für das Gesamtprojektmanagement verantwortlich. Dies beinhaltete die organisatorischen und koordinierenden Aufgaben innerhalb des Konsortiums. Das Vorhaben wurde vor dem Hintergrund gestartet, dass durch die wachsende Expansion der Offshore-Exploration der Öl & Gas-Industrie, dem wachsenden gesellschaftlichen Umweltbewusstsein und Großunfällen wie dem Macondo-Blowout 2010 im Golf von Mexiko (Deep Horizon Unglück) offenbar wurde, wie groß der Bedarf für Umweltmonitoring-Technik ist, die besser und schneller einsetzbar, rekonfigurierbar und benutzbar sind (modulares Grundkonzept, geringe Rüstzeiten, lange Standzeiten) und zugleich größere Bereiche abdecken und eine schnelle Datenverfügbarkeit bieten. Daher initiierte der Hersteller von Gas-Sensorik Contros GmbH aus Kiel, der über entsprechendes Branchen-KnowHow und Kontakte im Öl&Gas-Bereich verfügte, zusammen mit den Unternehmen Oktopus GmbH und LEONI Special Cables GmbH und den Wissenschaftspartnern GEOMAR (Kiel) und Fraunhofer IGD (Rostock) das Projekt FlexMoT. Durch dieses Konsortium war sichergestellt, dass alle Bereiche (Mechanik, Sensorik, Prozess-KnowHow, Software für Datenmanagement und -auswertung und wissenschaftliche Unterwasser-Expertise) im Projekt vorhanden waren. Zudem war der anvisierte industrielle Markt für funktionierende und langzeittaugliche Monitoringinstrumente aufgrund der hohen Ölpreise sehr vielversprechend. Ziel war es, ein entsprechendes flexibles und modulares System zu entwickeln, welches die entscheidenden Schwächen bisheriger System umgeht und auch für den Einsatz durch nichtwissenschaftliche Anwender (Industriekunden) geeignet ist. Im Projekt sollte zum einen eine Erprobung der Entwicklungen auf ihre Unterwasser- und Einsatztauglichkeit hin stattfinden. Zum andere sollte die Funktionstüchtigkeit des Gesamtsystems nachgewiesen werden. Für diese Feldtests war es notwendig, mit einem geeigneten Schiff im angestrebten Einsatzumfeld, der Nordsee, und in typischen Wassertiefen der Kontinentalschelf-Offshore-Förderung zu testen. Das GEOMAR organisierte und stellte dafür das Forschungsschiff FS ALKOR und Schiffszeiten sowie wissenschaftliches Equipment für die Referenzmessungen zur Verfügung.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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