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  • 1
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    Is there a relation between percentages of T helper cells and prognosis for sporotrichosis? (2015)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-27
    Description: sporotrichosis is an acute or chronic subcutaneous infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii , a rapidly growing dimorphic fungus. 1 T helper (Th) cells are a type of T cells reflecting adaptive immunity against infection of Sporothrix schenckii . Th cells, i.e., Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells, have been found in mice models, 2 3 but the correlation between in vivo percentages of Th cells and prognosis of sporotrichosis remains controversial. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0007-0963
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2133
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 2
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    Exome chip analyses identify genes affecting mortality after HLA-matched unrelated-donor blood and marrow transplantation (2018)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Description: Although survival outcomes have significantly improved, up to 40% of patients die within 1 year of HLA-matched unrelated-donor blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). To identify non-HLA genetic contributors to mortality after BMT, we performed the first exome-wide association study in the DISCOVeRY-BMT cohorts using the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. This study includes 2473 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome and 2221 10/10 HLA-matched donors treated from 2000 to 2011. Single-variant and gene-level analyses were performed on overall survival (OS), transplantation-related mortality (TRM), and disease-related mortality (DRM). Genotype mismatches between recipients and donors in a rare nonsynonymous variant of testis-expressed gene TEX38 significantly increased risk of TRM, which was more dramatic when either the recipient or donor was female. Using the SKAT-O test to evaluate gene-level effects, variant genotypes of OR51D1 in recipients were significantly associated with OS and TRM. In donors, 4 ( ALPP , EMID1 , SLC44A5 , LRP1 ), 1 ( HHAT ), and 2 genes ( LYZL4 , NT5E ) were significantly associated with OS, TRM, and DRM, respectively. Inspection of NT5E crystal structures showed 4 of the associated variants affected the enzyme structure and likely decreased the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Further confirmation of these findings and additional functional studies may provide individualized risk prediction and prognosis, as well as alternative donor selection strategies.
    Keywords: Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 3
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    Replication and validation of genetic polymorphisms associated with survival after allogeneic blood or marrow transplant (2017)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-30
    Description: Multiple candidate gene-association studies of non-HLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and outcomes after blood or marrow transplant (BMT) have been conducted. We identified 70 publications reporting 45 SNPs in 36 genes significantly associated with disease-related mortality, progression-free survival, transplant-related mortality, and/or overall survival after BMT. Replication and validation of these SNP associations were performed using DISCOVeRY-BMT (Determining the Influence of Susceptibility COnveying Variants Related to one-Year mortality after BMT), a well-powered genome-wide association study consisting of 2 cohorts, totaling 2888 BMT recipients with acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome, and their HLA-matched unrelated donors, reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Gene-based tests were used to assess the aggregate effect of SNPs on outcome. None of the previously reported significant SNPs replicated at P 〈 .05 in DISCOVeRY-BMT. Validation analyses showed association with one previously reported donor SNP at P 〈 .05 and survival; more associations would be anticipated by chance alone. No gene-based tests were significant at P 〈 .05. Functional annotation with publicly available data shows these candidate SNPs most likely do not have biochemical function; only 13% of candidate SNPs correlate with gene expression or are predicted to impact transcription factor binding. Of these, half do not impact the candidate gene of interest; the other half correlate with expression of multiple genes. These findings emphasize the peril of pursing candidate approaches and the importance of adequately powered tests of unbiased genome-wide associations with BMT clinical outcomes given the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes.
    Keywords: Transplantation
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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  • 4
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    On the inverse relationship between North American snow extent and North Atlantic hurricane activity (2012)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2012-04-17
    Description: The statistically significant inverse relationship is examined between North American snow cover extent during January and North Atlantic hurricane activity during the following hurricane season. To better quantify this relationship the long-term trend and ENSO years were removed from the data. The lightest January snow-cover years (LSY) show sharp increases (40–90%) compared to the heaviest January snow-cover years (HSY) in nearly all measures of Atlantic hurricane activity, including the numbers and duration of hurricanes and major hurricanes, and the average seasonal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index. Approximately, half of the LSY events featured above-normal hurricane seasons and none were below-normal, while approximately half of the HSY featured below-normal hurricane seasons none were above-normal. Composite analyses indicate the anomalous wintertime snow-cover extent and Atlantic hurricane activity are linked through their common association with persistent and hemisphere-wide extratropical circulation anomalies tied to the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The LSY are associated with a positive phase of the AO, along with warmer surface temperatures in both North America and Eurasia, while the HSY are associated with a negative phase of the AO and below-average continental surface temperatures. One unresolved issue is the extent to which the anomalous snow extent feeds back onto the large-scale circulation so as to help maintain the wintertime AO patterns through the spring and summer. Another remaining issue is the process(es) by which the extratropical AO signals eventually penetrate into the tropics so as to influence Atlantic hurricane activity. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 5
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    Net terrestrial CO2 exchange over China during 2001-2010 estimated with an ensemble data assimilation system for atmospheric CO2 (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-02-24
    Description: [1]  Natural carbon sources and sinks over China's terrestrial land ecosystems have an uncertain magnitude, but possibly an important role in the global carbon budget. In this paper we present an estimate of net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) over China for the years 2001-2010 using the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System for CO 2 (CTDAS). Additional Chinese and Asian CO 2 observations are used in CTDAS to improve our estimate. We found that the combined terrestrial ecosystems in China absorbed about –0.33 Pg Cy r -1 during 2001-2010, compensating approximately 20% of the total CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel burning and cement manufacturing from China (+1.70 Pg C yr -1 ). The uncertainty on Chinese terrestrial carbon exchange estimates as derived from a set of sensitivity experiments suggests a range of –0.29 to –0.64 Pg C yr -1 . This total Chinese terrestrial CO 2 sink is attributed to the three major biomes (forests, crop lands and grass/shrub lands) with estimated CO 2 fluxes of –0.12 Pg C yr -1 (range from –0.09 to –0.19 Pg C yr -1 ), –0.12 Pg C yr -1 (range from –0.09 to –0.26 Pg C yr -1 ) and –0.09 Pg C yr -1 (range from –0.09 to –0.17 Pg C yr -1 ), respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitude of inter-annual variability (IAV) of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux is 0.21 Pg C yr -1 (~64% of mean annual average), with the smallest CO 2 sink (–0.19 Pg C yr -1 ) in 2003 and the largest CO 2 sink (–0.40 Pg C yr -1 ) in 2007 corresponding with favorable temperature in spring/winter. We stress that our estimate of terrestrial ecosystem CO 2 uptake based on inverse modeling strongly depends on a limited number of atmospheric CO 2 observations used. More observations in China specifically, and in Asia in general are needed to improve the accuracy of terrestrial carbon budgeting for this region.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 6
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    Seasonal prediction of landfalling hurricanes along Eastern Seaboard of the United States (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
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    Publication Date: 2014-10-01
    Description: Statistical models for the seasonal prediction of hurricane strikes on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States (ESUS) are developed with the application of the statistical software (SAS) generalized linear model (GENMOD) to perform a Poisson regression linked by a logarithmic function. Preseason climatic/oceanic signals of the El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM), the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), Sahel rainfall (20°–10°N, 20°W–10°E) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) across a selected domain, all of which are closely associated with the dominant principal components of the North Atlantic Hurricane Track Density Function (HTDF), are applied as predictors. While using the Poisson regression without dividing the season into differing levels of activity types greatly degrades the model, classification of season types [based on accumulated cyclone energy (ACE)] before using the Poisson regression, can significantly improve the model performance. With this proposed new methodology, landfall counts in hyperactive and above-normal season type years can be predicted with 56.01 and 71.36% skill improvements respectively, compared with merely using climatology.
    Print ISSN: 0899-8418
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0088
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 7
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    Replication of associations between genetic polymorphisms and chronic graft-versus-host disease (2016)
    American Society of Hematology (ASH)
    In: Blood
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-18
    Description: Previous studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The current study determined whether these associations could be replicated in large cohorts of donors and recipients. Each SNP was tested with cohorts of patients having the same donor type (HLA-matched related, unrelated, or both) reported in the original publication, and testing was limited to the same genome (recipient or donor) and genetic model (dominant, recessive, or allelic) reported in the original study. The 21 SNPs reported in this study represent 19 genes, and the analysis encompassed 22 SNP association tests. The hazard ratio (HR) point estimates and risk ratio point estimates corresponding to odds ratios in previous studies consistently fall outside the 95% confidence intervals of HR estimates in the current study. Despite the large size of the cohorts available for the current study, the 95% confidence intervals for most HRs did not exclude 1.0. Three SNPs representing CTLA4 , HPSE , and IL1R1 showed evidence of association with the risk of chronic GVHD in unrelated donor-recipient pairs from 1 cohort, but none of these associations was replicated when tested in unrelated donor-recipient pairs from an independent cohort. Two SNPs representing CCR6 and FGFR1OP showed possible associations with the risk of chronic GVHD in related donor-recipient pairs but not in unrelated donor-recipient pairs. These results remain to be tested for replication in other cohorts of related donor-recipient pairs.
    Keywords: Transplantation, Clinical Trials and Observations
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology (ASH)
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