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  • 1
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2002-05-15), p. 2537-2544
    Abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the toxicity of a preoperative regimen of paclitaxel and concurrent external-beam radiation therapy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, and electron-beam intraoperative radiation therapy (EB-IORT) for patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with localized, potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with 30 Gy external-beam radiation therapy and concomitant weekly 3-hour infusions of paclitaxel (60 mg/m 2 ). Radiographic restaging was performed 4 to 6 weeks after chemoradiation, and patients with localized disease underwent pancreatectomy with EB-IORT. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients completed chemoradiation; 16 (46%) experienced grade 3 toxicity. Four patients (11%) required hospitalization for dehydration due to grade 3 nausea and vomiting. Twenty (80%) of 25 patients who underwent surgery underwent pancreatectomy; EB-IORT was used in 13 patients. There were no histologic complete responses to preoperative therapy; 21% of specimens demonstrated more than 50% nonviable cells (grade 2b treatment effect). With a median follow-up period of 46 months, the 3-year overall survival rate with chemoradiation and pancreatectomy was 28%. CONCLUSION: Preoperative paclitaxel-based concurrent chemoradiation is feasible. The toxicity of this regimen seems greater than that with fluorouracil. The histologic responses and survival are similar, suggesting no advantages to paclitaxel-based preoperative treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 28, No. 15 ( 2010-05-20), p. 2549-2555
    Abstract: Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy can cause hepatic sinusoidal injury, with resultant sinusoidal damage and portal hypertension. We sought to explore the relationship between oxaliplatin induced hepatic sinusoidal injury, increases in spleen size, and the subsequent development of thrombocytopenia. Patients and Methods We retrospectively assessed the relationship between chemotherapy exposure, changes in spleen size (determined by volumetric measurements), and platelet counts in 136 patients treated with adjuvant fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or fluoropyrimidine for stage II or III colorectal adenocarcinoma. Hepatic sinusoidal injury and changes in spleen size were graded in a separate population of 63 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin before liver resection. Results Spleen size increased in 86% of patients treated with adjuvant FOLFOX (P 〈 .001), with a ≥ 50% increase in 24% of patients. Spleen size did not significantly increase in patients treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine. Increases in spleen size correlated with cumulative oxaliplatin dose (P = .003). Patients with splenic enlargement ≥ 50% had higher rates of thrombocytopenia in the first year after completion of chemotherapy (27% v 5%; P = .003). In patients with hepatic metastases treated with preoperative fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin, increases in spleen size was a predictor of higher histologic grades of sinusoidal injury in both univariate (P = .03) and multivariate (P = .02) analyses. Conclusion Increases in spleen size correlate with increasing grade of hepatic sinusoidal injury and can serve as a simple method for identifying patients at risk for this toxicity. Oxaliplatin-induced increases in spleen size should be recognized as a potential etiology of persistent thrombocytopenia after oxaliplatin treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 38, No. 4_suppl ( 2020-02-01), p. 486-486
    Abstract: 486 Background: In HCC, surgical resection is associated with high recurrence rates, and no effective neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies currently exist. Immunotherapy using anti-PD-1 antibodies has shown promised but limited increase in survival in advanced disease. To maximize the benefit, we are studying the efficacy and safety of anti–PD-1 (nivolumab) and anti–CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) antibodies against HCC for resectable HCC. Methods: This is a randomized phase II trial of nivolumab (Arm A) or nivolumab + ipilimumab (Arm B) as pre-operative treatment for patients with HCC who are eligible for surgical resection. Pts are given nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks (wks) for a total of 6 wks. Pt in Arm B are treated concurrently with ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 wks. Surgical resection occurs within 4 wks after last cycle of therapy. Pts continue adjuvant immunotherapy for up to 2 years after resection. The primary objective is the safety/tolerability of nivolumab +/- ipilimumab. Secondary objectives include overall response rate, complete response rate and time to progression. Exploratory objectives include evaluating the pre- and post-treatment immunological changes in tumor tissues and peripheral blood. Results: Twenty-six patients were enrolled at the time of this interim analysis, of which 20 have evaluable data. Most pts (55%) were between 60-70yo and male (75%). Four pts were HCV-positive, 6 had HBV and 10 had no hepatitis. 20 patients proceeded with resection as planned, surgery was aborted for 5 patients (1 for frozen abdomen and 2 development of contralateral liver nodule). Three are still receiving preoperative therapy. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was observed in 5/20 evaluable patients – 2 in Arm A and 3 Arm B (25% pCR rate). Five patients in Arm B and 1 in Arm A experienced grade 3 or higher toxicity prior to surgery. No grade 4 or higher toxicity were observed. Conclusions: We report a pCR rate of 25% for resectable HCC after preoperative immunotherapy in a randomized phase II pilot trial. Treatment was safe and surgical resection was not delayed. The study is ongoing. These promising results may contribute to a paradigm shift in the perioperative treatment of resectable HCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03510871.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 37, No. 15_suppl ( 2019-05-20), p. 4098-4098
    Abstract: 4098 Background: In HCC, surgical resection is associated with high recurrence rate, and no effective neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies currently exist. On the basis of of previous reports on the efficacy and safety of anti–PD-1 (nivolumab) and anti–CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) antibodies against HCC, we initiated a randomized pilot trial of perioperative immunotherapy for resectable HCC. Methods: This is a randomized, phase II pilot trial of nivolumab (Arm A) or nivolumab + ipilimumab (Arm B) as pre-operative treatment for patients (pt) with HCC who are eligible for surgical resection. Pt are given nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks (wk) for a total of 6 wk. Pt in Arm B are treated concurrently with ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 wk. Surgical resection occurs within 4 weeks after last cycle of therapy. Pt continue adjuvant immunotherapy for up to 2 years after resection. Primary objective is the safety and tolerability of nivolumab +/- ipilimumab. Secondary objectives include overall response rate, complete response rate and time to progression. Exploratory objectives include evaluating the pre- and post-treatment immunological changes in tumor tissues and peripheral blood. Results: 17 pt were enrolled at the time of interim analysis (8 in Arm A, 9 in Arm B) and 14 were evaluable. Most pt (53%) were 60-70yo, and males (70%). 6 pt were HCV-positive and 4 had chronic hepatitis B. 14 pt proceeded with resection as planned; surgery was aborted for 2 pt (1 for frozen abdomen and 1 for development of contralateral liver nodule). One is still receiving preoperative therapy. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was observed in 4/14 evaluable pt – 2 in Arm A and 2 Arm B (29% pCR rate). 4 pt in Arm B and 1 in Arm A experienced grade 3 or higher toxicity prior to surgery. Conclusions: We report a pCR rate of 29% in an interim analysis of a phase II pilot trial of perioperative immunotherapy for resectable HCC. Treatment was safe and surgical resection was not delayed. The study is ongoing and results may contribute to a paradigm shift in the perioperative treatment of HCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03222076.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 26, No. 21 ( 2008-07-20), p. 3487-3495
    Abstract: We conducted a phase II trial of preoperative gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in addition to chemoradiation (Gem-Cis-XRT) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for patients with stage I/II pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Chemotherapy consisted of gemcitabine (750 mg/m 2 ) and cisplatin (30 mg/m 2 ) given every 2 weeks for four doses. Chemoradiation consisted of four weekly infusions of gemcitabine (400 mg/m 2 ) combined with radiation therapy (30 Gy in 10 fractions administered over 2 weeks) delivered 5 days per week. Patients underwent restaging 4 to 6 weeks after completion of chemoradiation and, in the absence of disease progression, were taken to surgery. Results The study enrolled 90 patients; 79 patients (88%) completed chemo-chemoradiation. Sixty-two (78%) of 79 patients were taken to surgery and 52 (66%) of 79 underwent PD. The median overall survival of all 90 patients was 17.4 months. Median survival for the 79 patients who completed chemo-chemoradiation was 18.7 months, with a median survival of 31 months for the 52 patients who underwent PD and 10.5 months for the 27 patients who did not undergo surgical resection of their primary tumor (P 〈 .001). Conclusion Preoperative Gem-Cis-XRT did not improve survival beyond that achieved with preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiation (Gem-XRT) alone. The longer preoperative interval required more durable biliary decompression (metal stents) but was not associated with local tumor progression. The gemcitabine-based chemoradiation platform is a reasonable foundation on which to build future phase II multimodality trials for stage I/II pancreatic cancer incorporating emerging systemic therapies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 38, No. 15_suppl ( 2020-05-20), p. 4599-4599
    Abstract: 4599 Background: In resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surgical resection is associated with high recurrence rates. However, there is no approved neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies yet. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy effect has never been reported in this setting in HCC. Methods: This is a randomized phase II trial of nivolumab (Arm A) or nivolumab + ipilimumab (Arm B) as peri-operative treatment for patients (pts) with HCC who are eligible for surgical resection. Pts in Arm A are given nivolumab 240 mg iv, every 2 weeks (wks) for a total of 3 doses followed by surgery on week 6. Pts in Arm B are treated with nivolumab per same schedule as arm A plus concurrent ipilimumab 1 mg/kg on day 1. Adjuvant part of study starts 4 weeks after surgery, with Nivolumab at 480 mg iv every 4 weeks for 2 years in arm A. Pts in Arm B are treated with nivolumab per same schedule as arm A plus concurrent ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks times 4 doses after resection. The primary objective was the safety/tolerability of nivolumab +/- ipilimumab. Secondary objectives include overall response rate, pathologic complete response (pCR) rate and time to progression. Exploratory objectives include evaluating the pre- and post-treatment immunological changes in tumor tissues and peripheral blood. Results: 30 patients were enrolled, 2 patients withdrew consent, one patient was not eligible at time of therapy, and 27 randomized (13 to Arm A and 14 to Arm B). 21 patients proceeded with resection as planned and surgery was aborted for 6 patients; 1 for frozen abdomen due to old surgery, 2 for small residual volume, and 3 for progressive disease. Pts age ranged between 32-83 yo, 75 % were males, 7 pts had HCV, 7 had HBV and 7 had no hepatitis. Pathologic complete response (pCR) was observed in 5/21 pts (24% pCR rate) – 2 in Arm A and 3 Arm B, and 3/21 pts (16%) – 1 in Arm A, 2 in Arm B, achieved major pathologic response (necrosis effect of 50-99%). 5 patients in Arm B and 1 in Arm A experienced grade 3 or higher toxicity prior to surgery. No grade 4 or higher toxicity were observed and surgery was not delayed or cancelled due to oxicity. Conclusions: Our study reached its primary endpoint of safety. Importantly, we report a 40% pathologic response rate = pCR rate of 24%, and major necrosis rate of 16% for resectable HCC after preoperative immunotherapy in a randomized phase II pilot trial. After future validation, these promising results may contribute to a paradigm shift in the perioperative treatment of resectable HCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03222076 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 26, No. 21 ( 2008-07-20), p. 3496-3502
    Abstract: We conducted a phase II trial to assess the outcomes of patients who received preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiation and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for stage I/II pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Eligible patients with pancreatic head/uncinate process adenocarcinoma and radiographically defined potentially resectable disease received chemoradiation with 7 weekly intravenous (IV) infusions of gemcitabine (400 mg/m 2 IV over 30 minutes) plus radiation therapy (30 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks). Patients underwent restaging 4 to 6 weeks after completion of chemoradiation and, in the absence of disease progression, were taken to surgery. Results The study enrolled 86 patients. At the time of restaging, disease progression or a decline in performance status precluded 13 patients from surgery. Seventy-three (85%) of 86 patients were taken to surgery, extrapancreatic disease was found in nine, and 64 (74%) of 86 underwent a successful PD. Median overall survival (86 patients) was 22.7 months with a 27% 5-year survival. Median survival was 34 months for the 64 patients who underwent PD and 7 months for the 22 unresected patients (P 〈 .001). The 5-year survival for those who did and did not undergo PD was 36% and 0%, respectively. Conclusion Preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiation followed by restaging and evaluation for surgery separated the study population into two different subsets: patients likely to benefit from PD (n = 64) and those in whom surgery would be unlikely to provide clinical benefit (n = 22). Furthermore, the encouraging overall survival observed in this large trial supports the continued investigation of gemcitabine-based preoperative therapy in resectable pancreatic cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 26, No. 33 ( 2008-11-20), p. 5344-5351
    Abstract: The primary goal of this study was to evaluate whether pathologic response to chemotherapy predicts patient survival after preoperative chemotherapy and resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The secondary goal of the study was to identify the clinical predictors of pathologic response. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was performed of 305 patients who underwent preoperative irinotecan- or oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, followed by resection of CLM. Pathologic response was systematically evaluated and reported as the mean of the percentage of cancer cells remaining within each tumor. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictors of pathologic response and survival. Results Cumulative 5-year overall survival rates by pathologic response status were as follows: 75% complete response (no residual cancer cells), 56% major response (1% to 49% residual cancer cells), and 33% minor response (≥ 50% residual cancer cells; complete v major response, P = .037; major v minor response, P = .028). Multivariate analysis revealed that only surgical margin status (P = .050; hazard ratio [HR], 1.77) and pathologic response (major response: P = .034; HR, 4.80; minor response: P = .007; HR, 6.93) were independent predictors of survival. Multivariate analysis of the predictors of pathologic response revealed that carcinoembryonic antigen level ≤ 5 ng/mL, tumor size ≤ 3 cm, and chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine plus oxaliplatin and bevacizumab were independent predictors of pathologic response. Conclusion Pathologic response predicts survival after preoperative chemotherapy and resection of CLM. Degree of pathologic response represents a new outcome end point for prognosis after resection of CLM.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2008
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 30, No. 4_suppl ( 2012-02-01), p. 293-293
    Abstract: 293 Background: We previously introduced a novel classification system for assessing “operability” in patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that integrates cancer biology, patient physiology, and tumor anatomy. We sought to analyze resection rates, reasons for no resection, and outcomes after neoadjuvant therapy (NT) of patients with both resectable anatomy and either “operable” or “borderline” biology/physiology. Methods: We evaluated consecutive patients (2002-2007) with radiographically resectable cancers treated with NT prior to potential resection. Borderline resectable anatomy (BR-A) was excluded. We compared clinical factors and outcomes of 217 patients classified by established criteria as “potentially resectable-operable” (PR-OP, no evidence of extrapancreatic disease, performance status [PS] ≤1); “borderline resectable-B” (BR-B, findings suspicious for extrapancreatic disease); or “borderline resectable-C” (BR-C, severe but reversible comorbidities or marginal PS ≥2). Results: 138 PR-OP, 41 BR-B, and 38 BR-C patients began NT. 62.7% of all patients underwent subsequent pancreatectomy. Resection rates after NT for PR-OP, BR-B, and BR-C were 74.6%, 46.3%, and 36.8%, respectively (p 〈 0.001). Metastases were detected during NT in 23.0% of all patients and were the most common contraindication to resection in PR-OP (15.2%) and BR-B (46.3%) patients. PS rarely precluded surgery except in BR-C patients (31.6%). Factors independently predicting not utilizing surgery after NT were older age, poor PS, new pain medications, and complications on NT (p 〈 0.05). Median OS of all patients was 20.9 (95% CI, 17.1-27.1) mo. Resected and unresected BR-B and BR-C patients had OS similar to that of PR-OP patients (resected medians 33.0, 39.8, 36.0 mo, respectively; unresected medians, 10.1, 12.6, 12.9 mo; p 〈 0.001). Conclusions: Our operability classification system describes discrete clinical subgroups among PDAC patients with similar, resectable tumor anatomy but vastly heterogeneous physiology and cancer biology. It can be used with NT to predict outcomes, individualize treatment, and optimize survival rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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