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  • American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)  (27)
  • 1
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 35, No. 4_suppl ( 2017-02-01), p. 530-530
    Abstract: 530 Background: GI cancers are generally insensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Response to ICIs has been shown to correlate with TMB. Herein, we attempt to quantify TMB in GI cancers and its correlation with PD-1/PDL-1 expression. Methods: Tumor from various GI sites: right-sided and left-sided colon cancers (RT and LT), rectal cancer (RC), small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA), gastric adenocarcinoma (GA), anal cancer (SCCA), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (EA and E-SCC), biliary cancer (BC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA), and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET), were analyzed by NextGen sequencing. TMB was calculated using only somatic nonsynonymous missense mutations sequenced with a 592-gene panel. MSI was assessed by fragment analysis. Correlation of PD-1/PD-L1 expression with TMB was calculated by student’s t test. Results: In total, 1375 tumors were examined. Among the different GI cancer types, RT and LT had the highest TMB (mean: 11.6 and 9.9 mutations [mut]/megabase [MB] ), whereas BC and PA had the lowest levels (mean: 5.7 and 4.9 mut/MB) (Table). Overall primary tumors had higher TMB than metastases (mean: 8.3 vs. 6.5 mut/MB, p = 0.037). Using a cut-off of 17 mut/MB to define high vs. low TMB, high TMB was seen in all 24 MSI-H and 2 MSS colon tumors with POLE mutations, but not in other MSS colon tumors (n = 325, p 〈 0.0001). Similarly, among 6 GA tumors tested for MSI, high TMB was seen in 2 MSI-H while low TMB was seen in the 4 MSS tumors. Overall high TMB was seen most frequently in RT (12%), GA (11%), and SCCA (8%), and least frequently in PA (1.3%) and E-SCC (0%). PD-1 correlated with TMB in some tumor types (RT and RC), as did PD-L1 (RT and HCC). Conclusions: TMB varies among GI cancers. Forthcoming prognostic analysis to assess the correlation between TMB and response to ICIs in GI cancers is underway. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 33, No. 3_suppl ( 2015-01-20), p. 329-329
    Abstract: 329 Background: We have entered an era where multiple chemotherapeutic (chemo) agents can be utilized in the treatment (Tx) of patients (pts) with MPC. However, there are no methods for selecting the optimal regimen for any individual pt, and pure empiricism has not proven to be an optimal strategy. Molecular profiling is now widely used, albeit without evidence-based studies linking molecular profiles to Tx choices. Methods: We initiated a pilot study to assess the feasibility of following a simple algorithm, basing Tx on 3 published predictive markers of response to chemo: RRM1 (for gemcitabine); ERCC1 (for platinums); and TS (for 5FU). Pts with untreated, biopsiable MPC were eligible. Tissue biopsies were analyzed by Caris, and the results used to assign pts to 1 of 7 doublet regimens. Our 1 o objective was to provide preliminary data to inform a larger, randomized trial. Key 2 o objectives included assessment of the response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Between 12-2012 and 08-2014, 26 pts were enrolled. Eleven failed screening primarily due to inadequate tumor tissue availability (and pts not wanting to wait for a 2 nd biopsy). Of the 15 pts profiled, 6 different doublets were assigned, reflecting the breadth of profile results. Three pts were not evaluable for response by the date of this abstract. Of the 12 pts who received Tx, the RR was 9%, but the DCR rate was 82%. The median PFS and OS were 5.9 and 10.4 months, respectively. Conclusions: The incorporation of chemo biomarkers is feasible and resulted in a promising PFS and OS for pts with MPC. Our pilot experience suggests that there may be value to assessing a pt’s tumor molecular profile to select Tx. Expansion of this experience into a randomized trial of profile-directed Tx vs. Tx based on the physician’s discretion would not only be realistic, but could be critical to realizing the full, clinically meaningful benefit of molecular profiling. We do however caution that biomarker-directed Tx can be challenging in untreated pts, where initiation of Tx is time critical, and delays due to inadequate tumor samples may be untenable. Thus, a randomized trial in the second line setting may be more appropriate. Clinical trial information: NCT01888978.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 30, No. 15_suppl ( 2012-05-20), p. e14569-e14569
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 30, No. 15_suppl ( 2012-05-20), p. e14569-e14569
    Abstract: e14569 Background: The anti-EGFR therapy erlotinib was FDA approved for the treatment of patients with advanced pancreas cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), a member of the ErbB family of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases to which EGFR belongs, is found overexpressed in 20% of pancreatic cancers . Targeting EGFR and HER-2 with separate specific monoclonal antibodies showed synergistic inhibition of pancreatic cancer tumor progression in mice bearing xenograft of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. We performed an open-label single arm phase II study to evaluate the combination of lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and HER-2, and capecitabine in the second-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with metastatic, unresectable, gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer with adequate performance status (ECOG 0-2) and normal hepatic and renal function were eligible. Patients received lapatinib 1,250 mg PO daily, and capecitabine 1,000 mg/m 2 PO twice daily on days 1-14 of each 21-day cycle. Restaging studies were performed every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint was median overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included response rate (RR) and progression free survival (PFS). Results: Between 9-2009 and 8-2011, 17 patients received treatment. Six of 17 patients (24%) had disease progression after 2 cycles, 2 of 17 patients (12%) progressed after 4 cycles and 4 of 17 patients (24%) had stable disease and received more than 6 cycles. The median number of treatment cycles was 3 (range 1-22 cycles). The median PFS was 9 weeks (95% CI 7.1-18.9). Median OS was 25 weeks (95% CI 11 -34). Grade 3 nausea, vomiting in 3 patients (17%), grade 3 diarrhea in 2 patients (12%), grade 3 limb edema in 1 patient (6%), and grade 3 fatigue in 1 patient (6%). Serum was collected at baseline, three weeks and time of disease progression for microRNA analysis to identify biomarkers correlated with clinical outcome. Conclusions: The combination of lapatinib and capecitabine is a tolerated regimen for patients with gemcitabine-refractory metastatic pancreatic cancer. Some patients were able to receive 6 or more cycles of therapy. Molecular analysis of patients’ biosamples is ongoing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 34, No. 15_suppl ( 2016-05-20), p. TPS3624-TPS3624
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 37, No. 15_suppl ( 2019-05-20), p. 4015-4015
    Abstract: 4015 Background: 17 – 25% of mPDACs harbor DNA damage response (DDR) mutations, the presence of which can be predictive of a response to platinum and PARP inhibitor-based therapy. The PARP inhibitor, Vel is a potent sensitizing agent for, and has been safely combined with DNA-damaging chemotherapies. Methods: We initiated a Phase I/II trial of Vel + FOLFOX in pts with mPDAC. Pts received standard mFOLFOX6 except without the 5FU bolus, Q2 weeks. For the Phase I portion, a 3+3 dose escalation of Vel identified a recommended Phase II dose of 200mg orally BID, days 1-7, Q2 weeks. For the Phase II portion, we enrolled two cohorts: 1) Untreated pts; 2) Previously treated pts. Also, for Phase II, pts were pre-selected if they had either a pathogenic germline or somatic DDR mutation (e.g. BRCA1/2, PALB2, ATM), and/or a family history suggestive of a breast or ovarian cancer syndrome (labelled FH+). Objective response rate (ORR) was the primary objective of the Phase II cohorts; key secondary endpoints were median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between 01-2011 and 12-2018, 64 pts received treatment, 31 in Phase I, and 15 untreated and 18 previously treated in Phase II. The combination was well tolerated, with the main Grade 3/4 AEs being myelosuppression (16%) and nausea/vomiting (6%). Of the 64 pts, 55% were male; median age was 64; 95% had an ECOG PS of 1; 78% were platinum-naïve; 69% were FH+; and 27% had a known DDR mutation. 57 pts were evaluable for response, and the ORR, PFS, and OS for the different pt subgroups are detailed below. The Phase II cohorts achieved the primary endpoint of an ORR ≥ 25%. Most notably, plat-naïve, FH+, and DDR mutation+ pts had an ORR of 58%. Conclusions: The combination of Vel + FOLFOX is safe, well tolerated, and shows promising efficacy particularly in plat-naïve pts who are FH+ and/or harbor DDR mutations. A randomized trial to assess the contribution of Vel to the regimen is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT01489865. [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 6
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2004-06-01), p. 2122-2132
    Abstract: A phase II clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of a prime/boost vaccine strategy using vaccinia virus and fowlpox virus expressing human prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with biochemical progression after local therapy for prostate cancer. The induction of PSA-specific immunity was also evaluated. Patients and Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology group and 64 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive four vaccinations with fowlpox-PSA (rF-PSA), three rF-PSA vaccines followed by one vaccinia-PSA (rV-PSA) vaccine, or one rV-PSA vaccine followed by three rF-PSA vaccines. The major end point was PSA response at 6 months, and immune monitoring included measurements of anti-PSA and anti-vaccinia antibody titers and PSA-specific T-cell responses. Results The prime/boost schedule was well tolerated with few adverse events. Of the eligible patients, 45.3% of men remained free of PSA progression at 19.1 months and 78.1% demonstrated clinical progression-free survival. There was a trend favoring the treatment group that received a priming dose of rV-PSA. Although no significant increases in anti-PSA antibody titers were detected, 46% of patients demonstrated an increase in PSA-reactive T-cells. Conclusion Therapy with poxviruses expressing PSA and delivered in a prime/boost regimen was feasible and associated with minimal toxicity in the cooperative group setting. A significant proportion of men remained free of PSA and clinical progression after 19 months follow-up, and nearly half demonstrated an increase in PSA-specific T-cell responses. Phase III studies are needed to define the role of vaccination in men with prostate cancer or those who are at risk for the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2004
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 31, No. 15_suppl ( 2013-05-20), p. TPS2624-TPS2624
    Abstract: TPS2624 Background: Therapeutic blockade of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling with the monoclonal antibody cetuximab is clinically effective in the treatment of patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck or KRAS wildtype colorectal cancer. However, these patients eventually become resistant to this therapy. An exploration of the EGFR signaling network using an EGFR network-focused small interfering RNA library identified potential regulators of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies. The ABL1 gene was identified as a central node to target in this complex genomic pathway. In a preclinical EGFR-expressing cancer cell line model, targeting c-abl, the gene product of ABL1, using nilotinib was found to be highly synergistic in decreasing cell survival when combined with anti-EGFR targeted therapy. Methods: We have initiated an open-label Phase I study for patients who progressed after standard therapies for metastatic KRAS wildtype colorectal cancer or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Enrolled patients must have adequate performance status and organ function. Treatment consists of cetuximab 400 mg/m 2 on day 1, then 250 mg/m 2 once weekly, and nilotinib twice daily, starting on day 1, according to a traditional 3+3 dose escalation, from 200mg to 300mg BID. Patients are restaged every 2 cycles (every 8 weeks). The primary endpoint is the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of nilotinib when used in conjunction with cetuximab. Secondary endpoints are clinical benefit rate (defined as rates of stable disease, partial response, and complete response) and response rate. Additionally, biopsies of metastases obtained prior to and after initiation of therapy will be used to establish primary tumor cell cultures using conditional cellular reprogramming to permit the dynamic study of signaling and drug sensitivity through an evaluation of evidence of a drug effect on EGFR signaling and on Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. An additional 10 colorectal cancer patients will be treated as an expansion cohort at the MTD. This expansion cohort data may be used to plan a Phase II trial in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 19, No. 4 ( 2001-02-15), p. 1183-1194
    Abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety and feasibility of delivering multiple cycles of front-line high-dose carboplatin, paclitaxel, and topotecan with peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were required to have a malignant solid tumor for which they had received no prior chemotherapy. Mobilization of PBSC was achieved with either filgrastim alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel. Patients then received three or four cycles of high-dose carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] 16), paclitaxel (250 mg/m 2 ), and topotecan (10-15 mg/m 2 ), with the latter two agents administered as 24-hour infusions and supported with PBSC and filgrastim. Cycles were repeated every 28 days. RESULTS: Twenty patients were enrolled onto the trial and were assessable for toxicity and clinical outcome. Dose-limiting toxicities were stomatitis and prolonged hematopoietic recovery. The maximum-tolerated dose of topotecan was 12.5 mg/m 2 when given with high-dose carboplatin and paclitaxel for three cycles. Four cycles were able to be given with a dose of topotecan of 10 mg/m 2 . The pharmacokinetics of each compound were not affected by the other agents. Eleven (85%) of 13 patients with assessable disease responded. CONCLUSION: Multiple cycles of high-dose carboplatin, paclitaxel, and topotecan can be safely administered with filgrastim and PBSC support. The recommended doses for phase II study are carboplatin AUC 16, paclitaxel 250 mg/m 2 , and topotecan 10 mg/m 2 . Trials are currently being conducted with this regimen as front-line treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer and extensive small-cell carcinoma. This approach remains experimental and should be used only in the context of a clinical trial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2001
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  • 9
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 30, No. 15_suppl ( 2012-05-20), p. TPS3638-TPS3638
    Abstract: TPS3638 Background: A promising approach for the treatment of cancer is the development of vaccines that target specific tumor antigens. In the metastatic CRC patient population, targeted and active immunotherapy may inhibit cancer progression and improve survival. This trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of GI-4000 plus standard therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. GI-4000 is a proprietary immunotherapy that uses whole, heat-killed recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (called Tarmogens = Targeted Molecular Immunogens). GI-4000 is designed to activate a cellular immune response to target cells with activating ras mutations. Tarmogens have been shown to elicit selective killing of target cells that express a number of cancer antigens, including mutated Ras, by activation of antigenspecific T cell mediated responses. Methods: The study population consists of subjects with metastatic colorectal cancer with an activating mutation in ras. Newly diagnosed subjects receive FOLFOX (or FOLFIRI) + bevacizumab (Bev) + GI- 4000; 3 weekly injections of GI-4000 are followed by 8 cycles of Bev + FOLFOX (or FOLFIRI); day 1 and 2 every 14 days. Doses of GI-4000 are administered on day 8 of each cycle. Upon completion of chemotherapy, GI-4000 continues along with Bev maintenance every 2 weeks for up to 5 years or until subjects experience intolerance, disease recurrence, or death. If Bev is stopped, GI-4000 may continue on the same maintenance schedule alone. Subjects that have already completed standard chemotherapy (FOLFOX or FOLFIRI) may enter the study and receive Bev + GI-4000 every 2 weeks for up to 5 years. Enrollment is ongoing and will continue up to 52 subjects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2005-07-01), p. 4330-4337
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2005-07-01), p. 4330-4337
    Abstract: Attempts to improve survival of patients with esophageal cancer have been made using induction chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. A large single-center experience was reviewed to determine which treatment-related variables could predict survival and recurrence. Patients and Methods All patients undergoing esophagectomy between January 1994 and December 2002 were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using log-rank and Cox proportional hazards models, and survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Of 171 patients with invasive cancer, 131 (77%) underwent preoperative CRT. The average age was 60 years, and most patients were male (85%). Operations performed included Ivor-Lewis (60%), transhiatal (8%), three-hole (23%), or left thoracoabdominal (8%) esophagectomy. Perioperative mortality rate was 5%. Median overall survival (OS) of the entire group was 33 months, and the 5-year OS rate was 26%. Induction CRT was associated with a 33% 5-year survival rate compared with 11% for surgery alone (P = .43). Patients downstaged to pathologic stage 0 or I had an improved OS and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those patients who were not downstaged (P = .022). Additionally, the ability to perform an R0 resection was a significant factor for OS and DFS (n = 130; P 〈 .0001 and P 〈 .0002, respectively). Conclusion Response to CRT and the ability to perform an R0 resection are associated with significantly improved survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2005
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