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  • American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)  (8)
  • 1
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 40, No. 16_suppl ( 2022-06-01), p. 8582-8582
    Abstract: 8582 Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in combination with TMZ is a promising treatment strategy for ES-SCLC. In SCLC models, TALA, a potent PARP inhibitor, exhibits cytotoxic effects by impairing PARP proteins 1/2 and trapping PARP on DNA while TMZ potentiates antitumor response by contributing to genomic instability (Wainberg 2016). A prior analysis of ctDNA in 15 pts treated on trial with TALA and TMZ suggested that mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes occurred with this combination and may associate with response (Mulroy ASCO 2021). Methods: Pts with relapsed or refractory ES-SCLC were treated with TALA 0.75 mg po daily with TMZ 37.5 mg/m2 po on days 1-5 of 28-day cycles in a phase 2 clinical trial (UCLA/TRIO-US L-07, NCT03672773). ctDNA was collected and assessed based on allele frequency and plasma copy number at baseline and every 8 weeks during treatment with the Guardant360 assay (Redwood City, CA). DDR status was defined as a mutation known or likely to result in aberrant expression of ATM or BRCA1/2 (other DDR genes not detected by assay) (Pearl 2015). Germline DDR mutations were evaluated with matched-normal (PBMC) whole exome sequencing (WES) with archival specimens by Tempus (Chicago, IL). Response to treatment was defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria. Fishers exact tests were used to compare proportions of patients, with P-values 〈 0.05 considered statistically significant ( www.r-project.org , Vienna, AU). Results: For 27 pts with evaluable response, 78 ctDNA samples were collected. The most common baseline somatic alterations were mutations in TP53 (23 pts), RB1 (8 pts), ATM (5 pts), and BRCA2 (5 pts). There were no patients with germline DDR mutations. Overall, 22/27 (81.5%) had disease control (DC), including 11 with confirmed partial responses (PR) and 11 with stable disease while 5 had progressive disease. All those with PRs and ctDNA burden 〉 0.2% at baseline experienced a ctDNA decrease at 8 weeks of treatment. DDR mutations were found in 18/27 (66.7%) pts. Of those with ≥ 1 follow-up ctDNA time point collected, 13/17 (76.4%) pts had at least one new mutation detected while on treatment, most commonly in ATM (6 pts). The appearance of new mutations associated with DC (P=0.042) and with a trend towards improved progression free survival (PFS, 5.9 m vs 3.6 m, P=0.099). All 5 pts with DDR mutations present at baseline had DC with TALA and TMZ, and 9/11 (81.8%) of those with PR had DDR mutations detected at some point during the trial, although the trend toward DC enrichment with DDR mutations did not maintain statistical significance (P=0.24). Conclusions: Mutations in DDR genes occur on treatment with TALA and TMZ and may associate with disease control. Validation in a larger cohort will be pursued.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 41, No. 16_suppl ( 2023-06-01), p. e21165-e21165
    Abstract: e21165 Background: Patients (pts) with metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC who have progressed on osimertinib have limited treatment options. Dual EGFR with HER2 blockade results in complete and long-term reversal of osimertinib resistance in preclinical models. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, single arm, open label phase 1b/2 study to identify the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of the combination of osimertinib, necitumumab, and trastuzumab (ONT) in adults with histologically confirmed, metastatic NSCLC with an activating and sensitizing EGFR mutation who have progressed on osimertinib as their most recent treatment. Study pts receive daily oral osimertinib in conjunction with necitumumab and trastuzumab intravenously every other week. In phase 1b, a 3+3 dose-escalation design is used to determine the RP2D (Table 1). In phase 2, if ≥ 2 responses are seen out of 10 pts treated at the RP2D, an additional 10 pts will be accrued. Patient reported outcomes (PRO-CTCAE) and quality of life (FACT-L) data are collected prospectively. Efficacy is assessed as objective response rate (ORR) based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. Results: 22 pts (median age = 63; range = 40-82) have been enrolled and treated. The most commonly observed treatment-related AEs seen at any DL included acneiform rash (63.6%), headache (45.5%), nausea (40.9%), dry skin (36.4%), diarrhea (31.8%), paronychia (27.3%), oral mucositis (27.3%), vomiting (22.7%), fatigue (18.2%), chills (18.2%), and anorexia (18.2%). Grade 3 treatment-related toxicities were acneiform rash (22.7%), diarrhea (4.5%), decreased lymphocyte count (4.5%) and hypertension (4.5%). There were no treatment-related Grade ≥ 4 AEs. 12 evaluable pts were enrolled in phase 1b [3 at Dose Level (DL) 1, 3 at DL 2, and 6 at DL 3]; 3 non-evaluable pts were replaced. Pts treated at DL 1 and DL 2 had no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and 1/6 pts at DL 3 had a DLT (persistent grade 3 rash). Due to grade 2 and 3 rash and paronychiae occurring after cycle 1 at DL 3, DL2 was determined to be the RP2D.The proportion of evaluable phase 1b pts achieving partial response or stable disease was 58.3% (7/12). Seven pts have been enrolled at DL2. Conclusions: ONT toxicities are manageable, and the combination has promising preliminary efficacy in refractory EGFR-mutated metastatic NSCLC. Evaluation of phase 2, stage 1 is expected to be completed by April 2023 and will be reported at the meeting. Clinical trial information: NCT04285671 . [Table: see text]
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 3
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 15_suppl ( 2021-05-20), p. 9049-9049
    Abstract: 9049 Background: ROS1 fusions are oncogenic drivers in various cancers types, including 1-3% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Immunotherapy approvals for NSCLC include ROS1-rearranged carcinomas, but the activity of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy (chemo-ICI) therapy, as well as the immunophenotypic characteristics of these tumors, have not been described in a large data set. Methods: In this multi-institutional study, patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC were identified retrospectively. Tumor PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were assessed as part of routine clinical care. In patients who received ICI monotherapy or chemo-ICI in the metastatic setting, time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) and objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v. 1.1) were calculated. TTD was assessed with Kaplan-Meier methods; patients remaining on treatment were censored at last follow up. Results: 184 patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC were identified. Among 146 PD-L1 evaluable cases, PD-L1 expression was 〈 1% in 60 (41%), 1-49% in 35 (24%) and ≥50% in 51 (35%) tumors. Ninety-two of 100 (92%) TMB-evaluable tumors had 〈 10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb). TMB was significantly lower for ROS1-rearranged NSCLCs (n = 97) vs. ROS1-wild type tumors (n = 5,380) evaluated with next-generation sequencing using MSK-IMPACT (median 2.6 vs. 5.9 mut/Mb, p 〈 0.001). Twenty-eight patients received ICI monotherapy and 11 patients received chemo-ICI. The median TTD was 2.1 months (95% CI: 1.0-4.2; n = 28) for single-agent ICI therapy and 10 months (95% CI: 4.7-14.1; n = 11) for chemo-ICI therapy. The ORR was 13% (2/16 RECIST-evaluable; 95% CI: 2-38%) for ICI monotherapy and 83% (5/6 RECIST-evaluable; 95% CI: 36-100%) for chemo-ICI therapy. There was no difference in PD-L1 tumor expression (p = 0.9) or TMB (p = 0.8) between responders and non-responders and no correlation between PD-L1 tumor expression (rho = 0.16, p = 0.6) or TMB (rho = 0.03, p = 0.9) and maximum change in sum of target lesions. Conclusions: Most ROS1-rearranged NSCLCs have low or no PD-L1 expression and low TMB. The activity of checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy is disappointing in ROS1-driven NSCLC. In contrast, combination chemoimmunotherapy can achieve clinically meaningful activity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 4
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 34, No. 15_suppl ( 2016-05-20), p. 9075-9075
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol. 39, No. 28_suppl ( 2021-10-01), p. 105-105
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 39, No. 28_suppl ( 2021-10-01), p. 105-105
    Abstract: 105 Background: Cancer remains the number one cause of death among the Latino population despite the decrease in cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. Latino patients experience worse quality of life, more advanced stages of disease, and longer times to definitive diagnosis and treatment initiation. Yet there are few interventions that leverage clinical and community-based approaches to address these disparities. The aim of this formative qualitative study was to explore the specific care needs and barriers encountered by Latino patients to refine a community-based intervention delivered by community health workers (CHWs). Methods: We conducted semi-structured, in-depth, one-on-one qualitative interviews with low-income, Latino adults with a past or current history of cancer and/or their caregivers in a county comprised of 80% Latino populations in California. Interviews were conducted in Spanish, audio-recorded, transcribed and translated. Analysis was based in grounded theory and performed using the constant comparative method. Results: Fourteen interviews were conducted with a total of 18 participants; 9 involved the patient, 4 involved the patient and a designated caregiver, and 1 involved a caregiver only. Four major themes emerged that included: 1) lack of overall understanding of all aspects of cancer including their cancer diagnosis, significance of advance directives, precision medicine, and cancer care plans; 2) severe challenges in communicating cancer care needs and receiving support services due to language barriers; 3) stress and anxiety regarding financial hardships related to job loss and insurance barriers; 4) the need for supportive, bilingual and bicultural personnel to assist in overcoming these challenges. Conclusions: Latino patients with cancer and caregivers described major barriers they encounter after a cancer diagnosis. Participants described important approaches to address these cancer specific needs and reduce cancer disparities among these populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) ; 2022
    In:  American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book , No. 42 ( 2022-07), p. 176-188
    In: American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), , No. 42 ( 2022-07), p. 176-188
    Abstract: Patients with cancer generally have a higher risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19, with higher age, male sex, poor performance status, cancer type, and uncontrolled malignant disease as the main risk factors. However, the influence of specific cancer therapies varies and raises concerns during the pandemic. In patients undergoing cancer immunotherapy or other immunosuppressive cancer treatments, we summarize the evidence on outcomes from COVID-19; address the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination; and review COVID-19 antiviral therapeutics for the patient with cancer. Despite higher mortality for patients with cancer, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors does not seem to increase mortality risk based on observational evidence. Inhibitory therapies directed toward B-cell lineages, including monoclonal antibodies against CD20 and CAR T-cell therapies, are associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19; however, the data are sparse. Regarding vaccination in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors, clinical efficacy comparable to that in the general population can be expected. In patients undergoing B-cell–depleting therapy, immunogenicity and clinical efficacy are curtailed, but vaccination is not futile, which is thought to be due to the cellular response. Vaccine reactogenicity and toxicity in all groups of patients with cancer are comparable to that of the general population. Preexposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral spike may provide passive immunity for those not likely to mount an adequate vaccine response. If infected, prompt treatment with monoclonal antibodies or oral small molecule antivirals is beneficial, though with oral antiviral therapies, care must be taken to avoid drug interactions in patients with cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1548-8748 , 1548-8756
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2431126-1
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  • 7
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 40, No. 16_suppl ( 2022-06-01), p. 8517-8517
    Abstract: 8517 Background: TALA exhibits cytotoxic effects by inhibiting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins 1 and 2 in addition to “trapping” PARP on DNA. TMZ has been shown to increase antitumor response when combined with TALA in SCLC models (Wainberg AACR 2016). TALA plus TMZ as second-line therapy for ES-SCLC may improve disease-related outcomes. Methods: This is a phase 2, open-label, single-arm study of the safety and efficacy of TALA plus TMZ in patients with ES-SCLC, relapsed or refractory to a first-line platinum-based regimen. Participants receive TALA 0.75 mg (or 0.5 mg if creatinine clearance 〈 60 mL/min) po daily on 28-day cycles with TMZ 37.5 mg/m2 po on days 1-5. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR) based on RECIST 1.1 criteria, versus a historical control of 15% ORR in second-line topotecan, with the null hypothesis rejected for 8 or more confirmed responses among 28 evaluable subjects (29% ORR). Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response, and time to response. Exploratory endpoints include biomarker studies such as status of DNA damage response genes (DDR) and patient reported outcomes. A Simon two-stage design was utilized to reach a total accrual of 28 evaluable patients. Results: Thirty-one subjects were enrolled, of which 3 were non-evaluable due to ineligibility (1) or early withdrawal of consent prior to first disease assessment (2). Eleven of 28 evaluable subjects (39.3%) achieved a confirmed partial response. The ORR was similar among platinum-refractory (3/6), -resistant (4/9), and -sensitive subgroups (4/13). The median time to response was 1.8 months (m), duration of response 5.8 m, progression free survival 4.5 m, and overall survival 11.9 m. Adverse events (AEs) were manageable, with grade ≥ 3 AEs being thrombocytopenia (61.3%), anemia (54.8%), neutropenia (41.9%), and atypical pneumonia (3.2%), which responded well to dose-hold or dose-reduction and transfusion or growth factor support as needed. Cell free DNA and tissue analysis demonstrated no germline DDR mutations among the trial subjects, but somatic DDR mutations at baseline and acquired during treatment were common. Three subjects remain on study treatment. Conclusions: The study exceeded its target response rate. This is the second trial to demonstrate a benefit of PARP inhibition with low-dose TMZ in SCLC (see Farago Cancer Discovery 2019). A phase 3 study is appropriate to confirm the benefit of this approach compared to currently approved options. Clinical trial information: NCT03672773.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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  • 8
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 40, No. 16_suppl ( 2022-06-01), p. e21098-e21098
    Abstract: e21098 Background: HER2 (ERBB2) amplification is a distinct actionable oncogenic driver in 2-3% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While HER2-targeted agents are now in development for lung cancers harboring HER2 mutations, the therapeutic landscape for patients with HER2 amplification is not well elucidated. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) alone or in combination with chemotherapy are widely used as treatment for NSCLC, little is known about the impact of ICIs in patients with HER2-amplified NSCLC. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ICIs in this patient population. Methods: Patients with HER2-amplified NSCLC were identified from January 2014 to October 2021. HER2 amplification was detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) on the MSK-IMPACT platform. Clinicopathologic and molecular features, as well as response to therapy with ICIs were assessed. Patients were excluded if they harbored concurrent HER2 mutations, had localized disease, or received concurrent chemotherapy. Patient records were reviewed to evaluate overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR). Results: Eighteen patients with metastatic HER2-amplified NSCLC who received ICI alone as first line treatment or subsequent therapy after progression met inclusion criteria. Histologic subtypes included adenocarcinoma (78%) and squamous cell carcinoma (22%). PD-L1 expression was available for 16 patients, with 69% having no expression of PD-L1. The median tumor mutation burden (TMB) was 9.2 mutations/Mb (range 3.0-35.4). The median OS was 11 months (95% CI: 4 to 37), with 6-month and 12-month survival being 67% (95% CI: 40% to 83%) and 49% (95% CI: 25% to 70%), respectively. Median PFS was 2 months (95% CI: 1 to 7). In the 15 patients that were assessed for response, the ORR was 0% (95% CI 0% to 19%), including 3 cases with PD-L1 expression of ≥ 50% and 9 cases with TMB ≥ 10 mutation/Mb. Conclusions: Patients with HER2-amplified NSCLC showed minimal response to immunotherapy, regardless of PD-L1 status and TMB. These findings underscore the importance of developing novel HER2-targeted agents for these patients with unmet medical need.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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