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  • American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physicochemical Characterization of Biochar Derived From the Pyrolysis of Cotton Gin Waste and Walnut Shells
    American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the ASABE Vol. 66, No. 5 ( 2023), p. 1163-1174
    Details
    In: Journal of the ASABE, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Vol. 66, No. 5 ( 2023), p. 1163-1174
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2769-3287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.13031/ja.15489
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cover Cropping and Interseeding Management Practices to Improve Runoff Quality from Dairy Farms in Central Pennsylvania
    American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) ; 2021
    In:  Transactions of the ASABE Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2021), p. 1403-1413
    Details
    In: Transactions of the ASABE, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Vol. 64, No. 4 ( 2021), p. 1403-1413
    Abstract: Highlights Three crop scenarios for eight dairy farm types were simulated using the Integrated Farm System Model. Cover cropping and interseeding each significantly reduced runoff losses, compared to the baseline, for most farm types. Interseeding averaged greater reductions in N, P, and sediment losses than cover cropping. Increases in average annual production costs were & lt;2% of the baseline for most farm types. Abstract . Intensive agricultural activities are known to increase nutrient and sediment losses, leading to degraded water quality in receiving water bodies. In the Chesapeake Bay watershed, animal operations must reduce farm-level nutrient and sediment losses to meet federally mandated load reduction goals. This work investigated the potential water quality benefits and economic impacts of adopting post-harvest cover cropping or interseeded cover cropping on eight dairy farms representative of common operations in central Pennsylvania. The farms, simulated with the Integrated Farm System Model (IFSM), represented confined, organic, grazing, and Amish farming practices for dairy herds ranging in size from 35 to 150 lactating Holstein cows. Simulations were run for 25 years using observed weather data for Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, and for the dominant agricultural soil series in the county: Hagerstown silt loam. Model output included water balance results, nutrient and sediment loads, and farm-scale economics at an annual scale. Overall, simulation results showed that post-harvest cover cropping reduced N, P, and sediment by 18%, 17%, and 42%, respectively, while interseeding reduced loads by 49%, 41%, and 46%, respectively. Economic impacts of cover cropping and interseeding varied among farm types, but nearly all scenarios resulted in a net loss in profit compared to the baseline. However, annual economic losses were relatively minor: less than $28 ha-1 for cover cropping and $63 ha-1 for interseeding. Results suggest that the benefits of interseeding cover crops are greater for farms with larger portions of land in row crops with less perennial grassland. Interseeding necessitates purchasing additional equipment or custom hiring the seeding operation. These results have implications for cost-share incentive structures aimed at promoting adoption of cover crops and interseeding, especially for confined farms, which may otherwise experience financial losses if these practices are adopted. Keywords: Best management practice, Conservation, Economic evaluation, Erosion, IFSM, Integrated Farm System Model, Nutrient transport, Water quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-0040
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.13031/trans.14329
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Publication Date: 2021
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of a Land Suitability Framework for Sustainable Manure Utilization
    American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) ; 2021
    In:  Transactions of the ASABE Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2021), p. 273-285
    Details
    In: Transactions of the ASABE, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Vol. 64, No. 1 ( 2021), p. 273-285
    Abstract: Highlights We developed a land suitability framework for sustainable manure utilization based on seven water quality-related environmental vulnerability factors. ArcGIS-based decision-support tools were developed that use readily available data for the U.S. The tools can be adapted to any location in the U.S. for any livestock agricultural system. In a case study, 19.9% of the study area was identified as potentially suitable for manure utilization. 2%, 33%, and 44% of the potential areas were highly, moderately, and marginally suitable, respectively. Abstract . Intensive livestock agriculture is a significant source of nutrient pollution that contributes to water quality degradation worldwide. This study presents a land suitability framework and accompanying decision-support tools for sustainable manure management. The developed framework identifies potentially suitable areas for manure application in a user-defined area and further classifies the land as highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable using seven environmental vulnerability factors considering landscape biophysical characteristics and proximity to streams. The decision-support tools, built in ArcGIS, were applied in a case study in western Pennsylvania. The ArcGIS toolbox, available from ScholarSphere (https://doi.org/10.26207/99tk-sn24), classified 2% of the case study area as highly suitable for manure application and 21% as unsuitable. Landscape slope and proximity to streams were the dominant vulnerability factors in the case study area. The framework and accompanying tools are transferable across watershed boundaries and can help identify areas where environmentally sustainable animal agriculture can be developed. Keywords: Decision-support tool, Land suitability analysis, Sustainable manure management, Vulnerability analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-0040
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.13031/trans.14000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gypsum Bedding Impact on Hydrogen Sulfide Release from Dairy Manure Storages
    American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) ; 2018
    In:  Transactions of the ASABE Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 2018), p. 937-941
    Details
    In: Transactions of the ASABE, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 2018), p. 937-941
    Abstract: Elevated hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) levels have been observed from open-air dairy manure storages that contain gypsum bedding. Gypsum (calcium sulfate), recycled from construction waste and manufacturing defects, provides a cost-effective bedding alternative for dairy cows. Gypsum bedding is reported to control moisture and bacteria in the stalls and can improve soil structure when land-applied. However, gypsum increases H 2 S production in the anaerobic environment of deep manure storages, which is released in dangerous concentrations when the manure is agitated. This study was undertaken to quantify and compare the H 2 S concentrations during agitation of manure storages for three dairy stall management categories: farms that use (1) traditional organic bedding, (2) gypsum bedding, and (3) gypsum bedding followed by a treatment added to the manure storage thought to reduce H 2 S emissions. Three farms used Vital Breakdown (manufactured by Homestead Nutrition, New Holland, Pa.), and one farm used OK-1000 (Pro Ag Solutions, Hawkins, Tex.). Nineteen agitation events at ten farms were monitored during spring and fall hauling seasons. Portable monitoring instruments recorded H 2 S concentrations around the perimeter of the manure storages prior to and during agitation. Results show that manure storage agitation at farms that use gypsum bedding produced H 2 S concentrations that were considered immediately dangerous to life and health (above 100 ppm). Increasing gypsum bedding use significantly increased cumulative H 2 S concentrations (p & lt; 0.0001). Farms that used Vital Breakdown as an amendment significantly reduced cumulative H 2 S concentrations when compared to farms not using a manure treatment (p & lt; 0.0001). Lower cumulative H 2 S concentrations at one farm were attributed to the OK-1000 manure treatment. Keywords: Cow, Dairy, Gas, Gypsum, Hydrogen sulfide, Manure, Safety.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-0040
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.13031/trans.12463
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of Concentrated Flow Pathways on the Movement of Pesticides through Agricultural Fields and Riparian Buffer Zones
    American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) ; 2021
    In:  Transactions of the ASABE Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2021), p. 975-986
    Details
    In: Transactions of the ASABE, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE), Vol. 64, No. 3 ( 2021), p. 975-986
    Abstract: Highlights Land management and hydrologic connectivity cause concentrated flow pathways (CFPs) to serve various functions. Pesticide concentrations diminished along flow pathways from row-cropped fields through functional riparian zones. CFPs facilitated pesticide transport into pasture/hay fields from upgradient corn fields. Subsurface transport was likely a more important transport pathway relative to surface runoff for imidacloprid. Abstract . Riparian buffers, which are an important component of watershed management strategies, can effectively mitigate nutrients and pesticides in agricultural runoff. However, concentrated flow pathways (CFPs) can undermine the performance of buffers by allowing contaminant-laden runoff to bypass the mitigation potential offered by the buffer soils and vegetation. To determine the extent to which CFPs increase pesticide transport from agricultural fields to nearby streams, soil samples (0-2 cm depth) were collected along both CFPs and overland flow (OLF) pathways from the field to the stream for nine fields in a Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site in the ridge and valley physiographic region of Pennsylvania. Soil samples were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, and imidacloprid, with two dominant patterns emerging. In corn fields, pesticide concentrations were higher in OLF than CFP samples, suggesting that pesticides were mitigated during transport through each corn field. In contrast, hay and pasture fields, which had not been treated with any of the three pesticides of interest, had lower pesticide concentrations in the OLF samples than the CFP samples. Because the CFPs from these fields originated in upgradient unsampled corn fields, these results suggest that the CFPs were a conduit for pesticides applied in the corn fields and were simply flowing through the hay and pasture fields. Similarly, CFPs in riparian buffers and grass pathways located between the row-cropped fields and the stream tended to have lower concentrations than the upland field (OLF-F) but higher concentrations than the buffer OLF, suggesting a potential for increasing overland flow effectiveness in riparian zones by interrupting CFPs leading to the stream. This study highlights the importance of the land management factors and hydrologic connectivity that cause CFPs to serve different functions (mitigation or enhancement) as runoff is conveyed from agricultural fields to a riparian buffer, and ultimately to an adjacent stream. Further, the results highlight the need for design and maintenance solutions addressing the erosion and sediment control issues that commonly undermine agricultural buffer effectiveness. Keywords: Buffers, Concentrated flow, Contaminant fate and transport, Hydrology, Land management, Pesticides, Overland flow, Water quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2151-0040
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.13031/trans.14221
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE)
    Publication Date: 2021
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