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  • American Society for Microbiology  (46)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the Neisseria gonorrhoeae Pivotal Anaerobic Respiration Factor AniA
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 61, No. 8 ( 2017-08)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 61, No. 8 ( 2017-08)
    Abstract: Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, which is highly prevalent worldwide and has a major impact on reproductive and neonatal health. The superbug status of N. gonorrhoeae necessitates the development of drugs with different mechanisms of action. Here, we focused on targeting the nitrite reductase AniA, which is a pivotal component of N. gonorrhoeae anaerobic respiration and biofilm formation. Our studies showed that gonococci expressing AniA containing the altered catalytic residues D137A and H280A failed to grow under anaerobic conditions, demonstrating that the nitrite reductase function is essential. To facilitate the pharmacological targeting of AniA, new crystal structures of AniA were refined to 1.90-Å and 2.35-Å resolutions, and a phage display approach with libraries expressing randomized linear dodecameric peptides or heptameric peptides flanked by a pair of cysteine residues was utilized. Biopanning experiments led to the identification of 29 unique peptides, with 1 of them, C7-3, being identified multiple times. Evaluation of their ability to interact with AniA using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and computational docking studies revealed that C7-3 was the most promising inhibitor, binding near the type 2 copper site of the enzyme, which is responsible for interaction with nitrite. Subsequent enzymatic assays and biolayer interferometry with a synthetic C7-3 and its derivatives, C7-3m1 and C7-3m2, demonstrated potent inhibition of AniA. Finally, the MIC 50 value of C7-3 and C7-3m2 against anaerobically grown N. gonorrhoeae was 0.6 mM. We present the first peptide inhibitors of AniA, an enzyme that should be further exploited for antigonococcal drug development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00186-17
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
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    New Staphylococcus aureus phage type 94/96(292) associated with a fatal septicemia
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1977
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 1977-03), p. 370-371
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 5, No. 3 ( 1977-03), p. 370-371
    Abstract: A fulminating septicemia due to Staphylococcus aureus phage type 94/96(292) resulting in the death of a patient with no previous history of illness. This newly characterized strain is identified by an additional typing reaction with experimental phage 292. The prevalence of this strain is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.5.3.370-371.1977
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Molecular phylogeny and in situ detection of the etiologic agent of necrotizing hepatopancreatitis in shrimp
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1996
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 62, No. 9 ( 1996-09), p. 3439-3445
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 62, No. 9 ( 1996-09), p. 3439-3445
    Abstract: Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis (NHP) is a severe disease of farm-raised Penaeus vannamei that has been associated with mortality losses ranging from 20 to 95%. NHP was first recognized in Texas in 1985 (S. K. Johnson, p. 16, in Handbook of Shrimp Diseases, 1989) and is an economically important disease that has limited the ability to culture shrimp in Texas. The putative cause of NHP is a gram-negative, pleomorphic, intracellular, rickettsia-like bacterium that remains uncultured in part because of the absence of established shrimp cell lines. The inability to culture the NHP bacterium necessitated the use of molecular methods for phylogenetic placement of the NHP bacterium. The gene encoding the 16S rRNA (16S rDNA) of this shrimp pathogen was amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Sequence analysis of the cloned 16S rDNA indicates that the NHP bacterium is a member of the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria. Within the alpha subclass, the NHP bacterium is shown to be most closely related to bacterial endosymbionts of protozoa, Caedibacter caryophila and Holospora obtusa. Also, the NHP bacterium is distinct from but related to members of the typhus group (Rickettsia typhi and R. prowazekii) and spotted fever group (R. rickettsii) of the family Rickettsiaceae. Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide DNA probes that bind to variable regions (V2, V6, and V8) of 16S rRNA of the NHP bacterium were used to detect the bacterium in infected shrimp by in situ hybridization. This technique provided direct visual evidence that the 16S rDNA that was amplified, cloned, and sequenced was derived from the intracellular bacterium that infects the hepatopancreas of farm-raised P. vannamei shrimp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.9.3439-3445.1996
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Uses of inorganic hypochlorite (bleach) in health-care facilities
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1997
    In:  Clinical Microbiology Reviews Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 1997-10), p. 597-610
    Details
    In: Clinical Microbiology Reviews, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 1997-10), p. 597-610
    Abstract: Hypochlorite has been used as a disinfectant for more than 100 years. It has many of the properties of an ideal disinfectant, including a broad antimicrobial activity, rapid bactericidal action, reasonable persistence in treated potable water, ease of use, solubility in water, relative stability, relative nontoxicity at use concentrations, no poisonous residuals, no color, no staining, and low cost. The active species is undissociated hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Hypochlorites are lethal to most microbes, although viruses and vegetative bacteria are more susceptible than endospore-forming bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Activity is reduced by the presence of heavy metal ions, a biofilm, organic material, low temperature, low pH, or UV radiation. Clinical uses in health-care facilities include hyperchlorination of potable water to prevent Legionella colonization, chlorination of water distribution systems used in hemodialysis centers, cleaning of environmental surfaces, disinfection of laundry, local use to decontaminate blood spills, disinfection of equipment, decontamination of medical waste prior to disposal, and dental therapy. Despite the increasing availability of other disinfectants, hypochlorites continue to find wide use in hospitals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0893-8512 , 1098-6618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CMR.10.4.597
    RVK:
    XA 36863
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497041-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Gray Mold Populations in German Strawberry Fields Are Resistant to Multiple Fungicides and Dominated by a Novel Clade Closely Related to Botrytis cinerea
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 79, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 159-167
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 79, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 159-167
    Abstract: The gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea is a major threat to fruit and vegetable production. Strawberry fields usually receive several fungicide treatments against Botrytis per season. Gray mold isolates from several German strawberry-growing regions were analyzed to determine their sensitivity against botryticides. Fungicide resistance was commonly observed, with many isolates possessing resistance to multiple (up to six) fungicides. A stronger variant of the previously described multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype MDR1, called MDR1h, was found to be widely distributed, conferring increased partial resistance to two important botryticides, cyprodinil and fludioxonil. A 3-bp deletion mutation in a transcription factor-encoding gene, mrr1 , was found to be correlated with MDR1h. All MDR1h isolates and the majority of isolates with resistance to multiple fungicides were found to be genetically distinct. Multiple-gene sequencing confirmed that they belong to a novel clade, called Botrytis group S, which is closely related to B. cinerea and the host-specific species B. fabae . Isolates of Botrytis group S genotypes were found to be widespread in all German strawberry-growing regions but almost absent from vineyards. Our data indicate a clear subdivision of gray mold populations, which are differentially distributed according to their host preference and adaptation to chemical treatments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02655-12
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Botrytisfragariae, a New Species Causing Gray Mold on Strawberries, Shows High Frequencies of Specific and Efflux-Based Fungicide Resistance
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 83, No. 9 ( 2017-05)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 9 ( 2017-05)
    Abstract: Botrytis cinerea causes pre- and postharvest decay of many fruit and vegetable crops. A survey of German strawberry fields revealed Botrytis strains that differed from B. cinerea in diagnostic PCR markers and growth appearance. Phylogenetic analyses showed that these strains belong to an undescribed species in Botrytis clade 2, named Botrytis fragariae sp. nov. Isolates of B . fragariae were detected in strawberry fields throughout Germany, sometimes at frequencies similar to those of B. cinerea , and in the southeastern United States. B . fragariae was isolated from overwintering strawberry tissue but not from freshly infected fruit. B . fragariae invaded strawberry tissues with an efficiency similar to or lower than that of B. cinerea but showed poor colonization of inoculated nonhost plant tissues. These data and the exclusive occurrence of this fungus on strawberry plants indicate that B . fragariae is host specific and has a tissue preference different from that of B. cinerea . Various fungicide resistance patterns were observed in B . fragariae populations. Many B . fragariae strains showed resistance to one or several chemical classes of fungicides and an efflux-based multidrug resistance (MDR1) phenotype previously described in B. cinerea . Resistance-related mutations in B . fragariae were identical or similar to those of B. cinerea for carbendazim (E198A mutation in tubA ), azoxystrobin (G143A in cytB ), iprodione (G367A+V368F in bos1 ), and MDR1 (gain-of-function mutations in the transcription factor mrr1 gene and overexpression of the drug efflux transporter gene atrB ). The widespread occurrence of B . fragariae indicates that this species is adapted to fungicide-treated strawberry fields and may be of local importance as a gray mold pathogen alongside B. cinerea . IMPORTANCE Gray mold is the most important fruit rot on strawberries worldwide and requires fungicide treatments for control. For a long time, it was believed to be caused only by Botrytis cinerea , a ubiquitous pathogen with a broad host range that quickly develops fungicide resistance. We report the discovery and description of a new species, named Botrytis fragariae , that is widely distributed in commercial strawberry fields in Germany and the southeastern United States. It was observed on overwintering tissue but not on freshly infected fruit and seems host specific on the basis of its occurrence and artificial infection tests. B . fragariae has also developed resistance to several fungicides that is caused by mutations similar to those known in B. cinerea , including an efflux-based multidrug resistance. Our data indicate that B . fragariae could be of practical importance as a strawberry pathogen in some regions where its abundance is similar to that of B. cinerea .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00269-17
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Genomewide Transcriptional Analysis of the Cold Shock Response in Bacillus subtilis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 184, No. 22 ( 2002-11-15), p. 6395-6402
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 184, No. 22 ( 2002-11-15), p. 6395-6402
    Abstract: Previous studies with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis techniques revealed that the cold shock response in Bacillus subtilis is characterized by rapid induction and accumulation of two classes of specific proteins, which have been termed cold-induced proteins (CIPs) and cold acclimatization proteins (CAPs), respectively. Only recently, the B. subtilis two-component system encoded by the desKR operon has been demonstrated to be essential for the cold-induced expression of the lipid-modifying desaturase Des, which is required for efficient cold adaptation of the membrane in the absence of isoleucine. At present, one of the most intriguing questions in this research field is whether DesKR plays a global role in cold signal perception and transduction in B. subtilis . In this report, we present the first genomewide transcriptional analysis of a cold-exposed bacterium and demonstrate that the B. subtilis two-component system DesKR exclusively controls the desaturase gene des and is not the cold-triggered regulatory system of global relevance. In addition to this, we identified a set of genes that might participate as novel players in the cold shock adaptation of B. subtilis . Two cold-induced genes, the elongation factor homolog ylaG and the σ L -dependent transcriptional activator homolog yplP , have been examined by construction and analysis of deletion mutants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.22.6395-6402.2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Localization of Cold Shock Proteins to Cytosolic Spaces Surrounding Nucleoids in Bacillus subtilis Depends on Active Transcription
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 183, No. 21 ( 2001-11), p. 6435-6443
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 183, No. 21 ( 2001-11), p. 6435-6443
    Abstract: Using immunofluorescence microscopy and a fusion of a cold shock protein (CSP), CspB, to green fluorescent protein (GFP), we showed that in growing cells Bacillus subtilis CSPs specifically localize to cytosolic regions surrounding the nucleoid. The subcellular localization of CSPs is influenced by the structure of the nucleoid. Decondensed chromosomes in smc mutant cells reduced the sizes of the regions in which CSPs localized, while cold shock-induced chromosome compaction was accompanied by an expansion of the space in which CSPs were present. As a control, histone-like protein HBsu localized to the nucleoids, while β-galactosidase and GFP were detectable throughout the cell. After inhibition of translation, CspB-GFP was still present around the nucleoids in a manner similar to that in cold-shocked cells. However, in stationary-phase cells and after inhibition of transcription, CspB was distributed throughout the cell, indicating that specific localization of CspB depends on active transcription and is not due to simple exclusion from the nucleoid. Furthermore, we observed that nucleoids are more condensed and frequently abnormal in cspB cspC and cspB cspD double-mutant cells. This suggests that the function of CSPs affects chromosome structure, probably through coupling of transcription to translation, which is thought to decondense nucleoids. In addition, we found that cspB cspD and cspB cspC double mutants are defective in sporulation, with a block at or before stage 0. Interestingly, CspB and CspC are depleted from the forespore compartment but not from the mother cell. In toto, our findings suggest that CSPs localize to zones of newly synthesized RNA, coupling transcription with initiation of translation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.183.21.6435-6443.2001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Acquisition of a Polybasic Hemagglutinin Cleavage Site by a Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Is Not Sufficient for Immediate Transformation into a Highly Pathogenic Strain
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 83, No. 11 ( 2009-06), p. 5864-5868
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 11 ( 2009-06), p. 5864-5868
    Abstract: Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) differ from all other strains by a polybasic cleavage site in their hemagglutinin. All these HPAIV share the H5 or H7 subtype. In order to investigate whether the acquisition of a polybasic cleavage site by an avirulent avian influenza virus strain with a hemagglutinin other than H5 or H7 is sufficient for immediate transformation into an HPAIV, we adapted the hemagglutinin cleavage site of A/Duck/Ukraine/1/1963 (H3N8) to that of the HPAIV A/Chicken/Italy/8/98 (H5N2), A/Chicken/HongKong/220/97 (H5N1), or A/Chicken/Germany/R28/03 (H7N7) and generated the recombinant wild-type and cleavage site mutants. In contrast to the wild type, multicycle replication of these mutants in tissue culture was demonstrated by positive plaque assays and viral multiplication in the absence of exogenous trypsin. Therefore, in vitro all cleavage site mutants resemble an HPAIV. However, in chicken they did not exhibit high pathogenicity, although they could be reisolated from cloacal swabs to some extent, indicating enhanced replication in vivo. These results demonstrate that beyond the polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage site, the virulence of HPAIV in chicken is based on additional pathogenicity determinants within the hemagglutinin itself or in the other viral proteins. Taken together, these observations support the notion that acquisition of a polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage site by an avirulent strain with a non-H5/H7 subtype is only one among several alterations necessary for evolution into an HPAIV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02649-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 10
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    Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of carumonam, a new monocyclic beta-lactam
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1986
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 1986-02), p. 346-349
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 29, No. 2 ( 1986-02), p. 346-349
    Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of carumonam (formerly RO-17-2301), a monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, was compared with those of aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and gentamicin against 455 bacterial isolates. Carumonam did not possess activity against gram-positive cocci and was generally comparable to aztreonam and ceftazidime for most gram-negative bacilli. However, carumonam was the most active beta-lactam against gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (90% MIC, 8 micrograms/ml).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.29.2.346
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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