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  • American Society for Microbiology  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Week 96 Results of Switching from Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate-Based Antiretroviral Therapy to Coformulated Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide among HIV/Hepatitis B Virus-Coinfected Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-06-15)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-06-15)
    Abstract: Data regarding the durability of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in maintaining hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral suppression among HIV/HBV-coinfected patients are limited. Between February and October 2018, 274 HIV/HBV-coinfected participants who had achieved HIV RNA of 〈 50 copies/mL with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing ART and switched to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF were prospectively enrolled. Serial plasma HIV and HBV viral loads, HBV and hepatitis D virus (HDV) serology, renal parameters, metabolic profiles, and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed through 96 weeks. At baseline and weeks 48, 72, and 96, 5.8%, 5.1%, 5.8%, and 5.1% of the participants had plasma HBV DNA of ≥20 IU/mL, and 0%, 0.7%, 1.5%, and 2.2% had HIV RNA of ≥50 copies/mL, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss occurred in 1.5% of 274 participants, and hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) loss or seroconversion occurred in 14.3% of 35 HBeAg-positive participants. Compared with baseline, the median urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (79 versus 63 mg/g, P   〈  0.001) and β2-microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio (165 versus 83 μg/g, P   〈  0.001) continued to decrease at week 96. BMD of the spine and hip slightly increased (mean change, +0.9% and +0.5%, respectively). The median triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol increased from baseline to week 96 (116 versus 141, 166 versus 190, 99 versus 117, and 42 versus 47 mg/dL, respectively; all P   〈  0.001), and most of the increases occurred in the first 48 weeks of the switch. Our study showed that switching from TDF-containing ART to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF maintained HBV and HIV viral suppression through 96 weeks among HIV/HBV-coinfected patients. Proteinuria continued to improve, while fasting lipids increased and BMD stabilized at 96 weeks after the switch. IMPORTANCE Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide as a maintenance therapy showed durable and high rates of viral suppression for HIV/HBV-coinfected patients, with only 5.1% and 2.2% of patients having HBV DNA of ≥20 IU/mL and HIV RNA of ≥50 copies/mL, respectively, at 96 weeks. Our study fills the data gap on the long-term clinical effectiveness of tenofovir alafenamide-containing antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV who have HBV coinfection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05125-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Randomized Noninferiority Trial of Cefoperazone-Sulbactam versus Cefepime in the Treatment of Hospital-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2019-08)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 63, No. 8 ( 2019-08)
    Abstract: Cefoperazone, a third-generation cephamycin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the ability to permeate bacterial cell membranes, is active against commonly encountered multidrug-resistant pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP). To clarify the clinical effects of cefoperazone-sulbactam in the treatment of HAP and HCAP, we conducted an open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial that recruited patients aged ≥18 years suffering HAP/HCAP. Participants were randomly assigned to the cefoperazone-sulbactam (2 g of each per 12 h) or cefepime (2 g per 12 h) arm. Clinical and microbiological responses were evaluated at early posttherapy and test-of-cure visits. Recruited patients were allocated to subpopulations for intent-to-treat ( n  = 154), per-protocol ( n  = 147), and safety ( n  = 166) analyses. Intent-to-treat analysis demonstrated that (i) at the early posttherapy visit, 87.3% of patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam and 84.3% of patients receiving cefepime achieved clinical improvement or cure (risk difference of 3.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −9.0% to 15.0%), and (ii) at the test-of-cure visit, 73.1% of patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam and 56.8% of patients receiving cefepime were assessed as cured (risk difference of 16.3%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 33.0%). These results indicated the noninferiority of cefoperazone-sulbactam to cefepime, which was confirmed by per-protocol analysis. The chest radiographic consolidation/infiltration resolution rate, microbiological eradiation rate, and percentage of adverse events were comparable in both groups. Serious adverse events were rare, and none was judged to be related to the study drugs. Cefoperazone-sulbactam at 2 g every 12 h was noninferior to cefepime at 2 g every 2 h for patients with HCAP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00023-19
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro Efficacies and Resistance Profiles of Rifampin-Based Combination Regimens for Biofilm-Embedded Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57, No. 11 ( 2013-11), p. 5717-5720
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 11 ( 2013-11), p. 5717-5720
    Abstract: To compare the in vitro antibacterial efficacies and resistance profiles of rifampin-based combinations against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biofilm model, the antibacterial activities of vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, minocycline, linezolid, fusidic acid, fosfomycin, and tigecycline alone or in combination with rifampin against biofilm-embedded MRSA were measured. The rifampin-resistant mutation frequencies were evaluated. Of the rifampin-based combinations, rifampin enhances the antibacterial activities of and even synergizes with fusidic acid, tigecycline, and, to a lesser extent, linezolid, fosfomycin, and minocycline against biofilm-embedded MRSA. Such combinations with weaker rifampin resistance induction activities may provide a therapeutic advantage in MRSA biofilm-related infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01236-13
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Fluoroquinolones against Aeromonas hydrophila
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 2217-2222
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 47, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 2217-2222
    Abstract: Aeromonas hydrophila , an uncommon human pathogen, can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals. As the fluoroquinolones have been shown to be active in vitro against mesophilic aeromonads and clinical experience with the use of fluoroquinolones to treat aeromonads infections is limited, the antimicrobial activities of five selected drugs (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and moxifloxacin) against A. hydrophila were studied in vitro and in mice. The MICs of the fluoroquinolones (except lomefloxacin), cefotaxime, and minocycline for 90% of 64 clinical isolates of A. hydrophila tested by the agar dilution method were ≤1 μg/ml. With a clinical cefotaxime-resistant strain, Ah 2743, in an in vitro time-kill study, at an inoculum of 7 × 10 5 CFU/ml incubated with fluoroquinolones, cefotaxime, or minocycline at concentrations equal to twice the MICs, the inhibitory effect lasted for less than 6 h and regrowth occurred thereafter. In an animal model with female BALB/c mice intraperitoneally infected with an inoculum of 1.1 × 10 7 CFU of Ah 2743, more mice in the ciprofloxacin-treated group survived (72.2%) than in the cefotaxime-, minocycline-, or cefotaxime-minocycline-treated group ( P 〈 0.00001, log rank test). However, there were similar fatality rates, ranging from 71.4 to 87.5%, among mice treated with any of five fluoroquinolones. With a larger inoculum, 4.9 × 10 7 CFU, mice in the ciprofloxacin-treated group survived longer than those in the minocycline-, cefotaxime-, or cefotaxime-minocycline-treated group (30 h versus 18, 12, and 12 h, respectively [ P 〈 0.002, log rank test]). However, in mice infected with cefotaxime-susceptible Ah 2556, ciprofloxacin was as effective as cefotaxime-minocycline. Thus, our results suggest that ciprofloxacin is at least as effective as cefotaxime-minocycline against murine A. hydrophila infections, which warrants clinical studies to delineate its role in human infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.47.7.2217-2222.2003
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Newer Fluoroquinolones against Vibrio vulnificus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 46, No. 11 ( 2002-11), p. 3580-3584
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 46, No. 11 ( 2002-11), p. 3580-3584
    Abstract: The MICs of six fluoroquinolones as well as minocycline and cefotaxime for 46 clinical isolates of Vibrio vulnificus were determined by the agar dilution method. All the drugs tested had good activities against all isolates, with the MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC 90 s) by five of the fluoroquinolones ranging between 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml. The MIC 90 of lomefloxacin, on the other hand, was 0.12 μg/ml. Time-kill studies were conducted with these agents and a clinical strain of V. vulnificus , VV5823. When approximately 5 × 10 5 CFU of V. vulnificus /ml was incubated with any one of the above-mentioned six fluoroquinolones at concentrations of two times the MIC, there was an inhibitory effect on V. vulnificus that persisted for more than 48 h with no noted regrowth. The efficacies of the fluoroquinolones were further evaluated in vivo in the mouse model of experimental V. vulnificus infection and compared to the efficacy of a combination therapy using cefotaxime plus minocycline. With an inoculum of 1.5 × 10 7 CFU, 28 (87.5%) of 32 mice in the cefotaxime-minocycline-treated group survived and 29 (91%) of the 32 mice in the moxifloxacin-treated group survived while none of the 32 mice in the control group did. With an inoculum of 3.5 × 10 7 CFU, the difference in survival rates among groups of 15 mice treated with levofloxacin (13 of 15), moxifloxacin (10 of 15), gatifloxacin (10 of 15), sparfloxacin (11 of 15), ciprofloxacin (12 of 15), or lomefloxacin (10 of 15) was not statistically significant while none of the 15 mice treated with saline survived. We concluded that the newer fluoroquinolones as single agents are as effective as the cefotaxime-minocycline combination in inhibiting V. vulnificus both in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.11.3580-3584.2002
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro and In Vivo Intracellular Killing Effects of Tigecycline against Clinical Nontyphoid Salmonella Isolates Using Ceftriaxone as a Comparator
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2011
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 2755-2759
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 2011-06), p. 2755-2759
    Abstract: Salmonella is an important, worldwide food-borne pathogen. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins has been increasingly reported, and new therapeutic agents are desperately needed. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates to tigecycline. Antibacterial activity of tigecycline, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin were investigated by time-kill studies and the murine peritonitis model. The MIC 50 /MIC 90 values of tigecycline, ceftriaxone, and ciprofloxacin against 76 Salmonella isolates were 0.25/0.5, 1/8, and 0.125/0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The intracellular inhibitory activity of tigecycline at 0.5 μg/ml (1× MIC) against Salmonella isolates in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was sustained for 24 h. In a mouse peritonitis model, tigecycline reduced the extracellular and intracellular bacterial counts from 10 7 CFU/ml and 10 5 CFU/ml, respectively, to an undetectable level within 96 h. The results were similar to those obtained with ceftriaxone. The survival rate of mice exposed to tigecycline after being infected by an inoculum of 1 × 10 5 CFU was 80%, and that of mice exposed to ceftriaxone was 100%. When the inoculum was increased to 1.3 × 10 6 CFU, the survival rate of mice treated by tigecycline was 20%, and that of mice exposed to ceftriaxone was 0% ( P = 0.2). When a ceftriaxone- and ciprofloxacin-resistant but tigecycline-susceptible isolate was tested, mice treated by tigecycline had a higher survival rate than those treated by ceftriaxone (15/20 [75%] versus 6/20 [30%] ; P = 0.011). Our results suggest that tigecycline is at least as effective as ceftriaxone for murine Salmonella infections and warrants further clinical investigations to delineate its potential against human Salmonella infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01807-10
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Use of Carbapenems against Clinical, Nontyphoid Salmonella Isolates: Results from In Vitro and In Vivo Animal Studies
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2012-06), p. 2916-2922
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 56, No. 6 ( 2012-06), p. 2916-2922
    Abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates has created the need for new therapeutic agents. We evaluated the intracellular activity of four carbapenem compounds against clinical nontyphoid Salmonella (NTS) isolates in vitro and ex vivo . Subsequently, the efficacy of carbapenem treatment against selected Salmonella isolates in vivo was assessed using a murine peritonitis model. The MIC 50 and MIC 90 for doripenem, ertapenem, imipenem, and meropenem against 126 NTS isolates were found to be 0.062 and 0.062, 0.015 and 0.015, 0.5 and 1, and 0.031 and 0.031 μg/ml, respectively. The intracellular killing effect of ertapenem was sustained for 24 h and was superior to that of imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem; its effect was comparable to that of ceftriaxone. Ertapenem demonstrated an excellent pharmacokinetic profile with a percent time above the MIC of 75.5% and an area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio of 20,733. When peritoneal exudate cells were examined directly ex vivo from mice with Salmonella -induced peritonitis, cells from mice treated with ertapenem and ceftriaxone had intracellular and extracellular bacterial counts reduced 10 2 - to 10 4 -fold and exhibited killing effects similar to each other. The survival rates of mice inoculated with 1 × 10 5 and 10 6 CFU of a ceftriaxone-susceptible Salmonella isolate that were subsequently treated with ertapenem or ceftriaxone were 100% and 90%, respectively. When mice were inoculated with 5 × 10 4 and 10 5 CFU of a ceftriaxone-resistant and ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella isolate, mice treated with ertapenem had a higher survival rate than mice treated with ceftriaxone (70% versus 0% and 50% versus 0%, respectively; P 〈 0.001). Our results suggest that ertapenem is at least as effective as ceftriaxone in treating murine Salmonella infections and show that further clinical investigations on the potential use of ertapenem in treatment of human Salmonella infections are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00110-12
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Benefit of Appropriate Empirical Fluoroquinolone Therapy for Adults with Community-Onset Bacteremia in Comparison with Third-Generation-Cephalosporin Therapy
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 61, No. 2 ( 2017-02)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 61, No. 2 ( 2017-02)
    Abstract: Both fluoroquinolones (FQs) and third-generation cephalosporins (3rd-GCs) are commonly prescribed to treat bloodstream infections, but comparative efficacies between them were rarely studied. Demographics and clinical characteristics of 733 adults with polymicrobial or monomicrobial community-onset bacteremia empirically treated by an appropriate FQ ( n = 87) or 3rd-GC ( n = 646) were compared. A critical illness (respectively, 8.0% versus 19.0%; P = 0.01), an initial syndrome with severe sepsis (33.3% versus 50.3%; P = 0.003), or a fatal outcome at 28 days (4.6% versus 10.5%; P = 0.08) was less common in the FQ group. A total of 645 (88.0%) patients were febrile at initial presentation, and the FQ group with (FQ group versus 3rd-GC group, respectively, 7.6 days versus 12.0 days; P = 0.04) and without (3.8 days versus 5.4 days; P = 0.001) a critical illness had a shorter time to defervescence than the 3rd-GC group. By the propensity scores, 87 patients with appropriate FQ therapy were matched with 435 treated by 3rd-GC therapy at a ratio of 1:5, and there were no significant differences in terms of bacteremia severity, comorbidity severity, major comorbidities, causative microorganisms, and bacteremia sources between groups. Moreover, crude mortality rates at 28 days (FQ group versus 3rd-GC group, respectively, 4.6% versus 7.8%; P = 0.29) did not differ significantly. However, the time to defervescence was shorter in the FQ group (4.2 ± 3.6 versus 6.2 ± 7.6 days; P 〈 0.001). Conclusively in the adults with community-onset bacteremia, appropriate empirical FQ therapy was related to shorter time to defervescence than with 3rd-GC therapy, at least for those without a critical illness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02174-16
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Reply to Zhou and Wu, “Be Careful with Adverse Events Caused by Cefoperazone-Sulbactam”
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 64, No. 2 ( 2020-01-27)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 2 ( 2020-01-27)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02028-19
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
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    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    National Surveillance of Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteremic Gram-Negative Bacteria with Emphasis on Community-Acquired Resistant Isolates: Report from the 2019 Surveillance of Multicenter Antimicrobial Resistance in Taiwan (SMART)
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 64, No. 10 ( 2020-09-21)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 10 ( 2020-09-21)
    Abstract: A multicenter collection of bacteremic isolates of Escherichia coli ( n = 423), Klebsiella pneumoniae ( n = 372), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( n = 300), and Acinetobacter baumannii complex ( n = 199) was analyzed for susceptibility. Xpert Carba-R assay and sequencing for mcr genes were performed for carbapenem- or colistin-resistant isolates. Nineteen (67.8%) carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae ( n = 28) and one (20%) carbapenem-resistant E. coli ( n  = 5) isolate harbored bla KPC ( n = 17), bla OXA-48 ( n  = 2), and bla VIM ( n = 1) genes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01089-20
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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