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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome Sequences of 19 Novel Erwinia amylovora Bacteriophages
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Genome Announcements Vol. 5, No. 46 ( 2017-11-16)
    Details
    In: Genome Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 5, No. 46 ( 2017-11-16)
    Abstract: Erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating disease affecting some plants of the Rosaceae family. We isolated bacteriophages from samples collected from infected apple and pear trees along the Wasatch Front in Utah. We announce 19 high-quality complete genome sequences of E. amylovora bacteriophages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-8287
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00931-17
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968655-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704277-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gag-Specific Cellular Immunity Determines In Vitro Viral Inhibition and In Vivo Virologic Control following Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Challenges of Vaccinated Rhesus Monkeys
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 86, No. 18 ( 2012-09-15), p. 9583-9589
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 86, No. 18 ( 2012-09-15), p. 9583-9589
    Abstract: A comprehensive vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) would block HIV-1 acquisition as well as durably control viral replication in breakthrough infections. Recent studies have demonstrated that Env is required for a vaccine to protect against acquisition of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in vaccinated rhesus monkeys, but the antigen requirements for virologic control remain unclear. Here, we investigate whether CD8 + T lymphocytes from vaccinated rhesus monkeys mediate viral inhibition in vitro and whether these responses predict virologic control following SIV challenge. We observed that CD8 + lymphocytes from 23 vaccinated rhesus monkeys inhibited replication of SIV in vitro . Moreover, the magnitude of inhibition prior to challenge was inversely correlated with set point SIV plasma viral loads after challenge. In addition, CD8 cell-mediated viral inhibition in vaccinated rhesus monkeys correlated significantly with Gag-specific, but not Pol- or Env-specific, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte responses. These findings demonstrate that in vitro viral inhibition following vaccination largely reflects Gag-specific cellular immune responses and correlates with in vivo virologic control following infection. These data suggest the importance of including Gag in an HIV-1 vaccine in which virologic control is desired.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00996-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diversity of Dictyostelid Cellular Slime Molds, Including Two Species New to Science, in Forest Soils of Changbai Mountain, China
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-10-26)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2022-10-26)
    Abstract: Dictyostelid cellular slime molds (dictyostelids) are protists that are common inhabitants of most soils, where they feed upon bacteria. Changbai Mountain is the highest mountain in northeast China. Soil samples collected on Changbai Mountain yielded 11 isolates representing six species of dictyostelid samples. Two of these species ( Dictyostelium robusticaule and Heterostelium recretum ) were found to be new to science, based on morphology, SSU rDNA sequences, and an ATPase subunit 1 gene ( atp1 ) phylogeny. The present study also demonstrated that the increased accuracy and lower costs associated with the use of atp1 sequences make them a complement of SSU rDNA sequences for identifying dictyostelids. Changbai Mountain is characterized by a higher diversity of dictyostelids than indicated by the few previous reports. Moreover, the data for Changbai Mountain, compared with comparable data for Taiwan, suggest that differences in diversity at the family level are possibly related to latitude. Mixed broadleaf-conifer forests produced more isolates and species than broadleaf forests at the same elevation and also had the highest species richness, which indicates an effect of vegetation on dictyostelids. However, the pattern of slightly decreasing diversity with increasing elevation in dictyostelids was also apparent. IMPORTANCE Dictyostelium robusticaule and Heterostelium recretum are two new species of dictyostelids reported in this study. The potential use of atp1 sequences is a complement of SSU rDNA sequences for the identifying dictyostelids. A pattern of slightly decreasing diversity with increasing elevation in dictyostelids was observed, with the conditions that exist at lower elevations apparently more suitable for dictyostelids, whereas differences of diversity observed at the family level are possibly related to latitude.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02402-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Similar Epitope Specificities of IgG and IgA Antibodies Elicited by Ad26 Vector Prime, Env Protein Boost Immunizations in Rhesus Monkeys
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 92, No. 15 ( 2018-08)
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 92, No. 15 ( 2018-08)
    Abstract: Vaccine-elicited immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been shown to be important for protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in rhesus monkeys. However, it remains unclear whether vaccine-elicited IgA responses are beneficial or detrimental for protection. In this study, we evaluated the kinetics, magnitude, breadth, and linear epitope specificities of vaccine-elicited IgG and IgA responses in serum and mucosal secretions following intramuscular immunization with adenovirus 26 (Ad26) prime, Env protein boost vaccination regimens. The systemic and mucosal antibody responses exhibited kinetics similar to those of the serum antibody responses but lower titers than the serum antibody responses. Moreover, the IgG and IgA responses were correlated, both in terms of the magnitude of the responses and in terms of the antibody specificities against linear human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env, Gag, and Pol epitopes. These data suggest that IgG and IgA responses are highly coordinated in both peripheral blood and mucosal compartments following Ad26/Env vaccination in rhesus monkeys. IMPORTANCE Vaccine-elicited IgG responses are important for protection against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in nonhuman primates. However, much less is known about the role and function of IgA, despite it being the predominant antibody in mucosal sites. There is debate as to whether HIV-1-specific IgA responses are beneficial or detrimental, since serum anti-Env IgA titers were shown to be inversely correlated with protection in the RV144 clinical trial. We thus assessed vaccine-elicited IgG and IgA antibody responses in peripheral blood and mucosal secretions following vaccination with the Ad26/Env vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00537-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neutralizing Antibody Responses following Long-Term Vaccination with HIV-1 Env gp140 in Guinea Pigs
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 92, No. 13 ( 2018-07)
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 92, No. 13 ( 2018-07)
    Abstract: A vaccination regimen capable of eliciting potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains an unachieved goal of the HIV-1 vaccine field. Here, we report the immunogenicity of longitudinal prime/boost vaccination regimens with a panel of HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp140 protein immunogens over a period of 200 weeks in guinea pigs. We assessed vaccine regimens that included a monovalent clade C gp140 (C97ZA012 [C97]), a tetravalent regimen consisting of four clade C gp140s (C97ZA012, 459C, 405C, and 939C [4C] ), and a tetravalent regimen consisting of clade A, B, C, and mosaic gp140s (92UG037, PVO.4, C97ZA012, and Mosaic 3.1, respectively [ABCM]). We found that the 4C and ABCM prime/boost regimens were capable of eliciting greater magnitude and breadth of binding antibody responses targeting variable loop 2 (V2) over time than the monovalent C97-only regimen. The longitudinal boosting regimen conducted over more than 2 years increased the magnitude of certain tier 1 NAb responses but did not increase the magnitude or breadth of heterologous tier 2 NAb responses. These data suggest that additional immunogen design strategies are needed to induce broad, high-titer tier 2 NAb responses. IMPORTANCE The elicitation of potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) remains an elusive goal for the HIV-1 vaccine field. In this study, we explored the use of a long-term vaccination regimen with different immunogens to determine if we could elicit bNAbs in guinea pigs. We found that longitudinal boosting over more than 2 years increased tier 1 NAb responses but did not increase the magnitude and breadth of tier 2 NAb responses. These data suggest that additional immunogen designs and vaccination strategies will be necessary to induce broad tier 2 NAb responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00369-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Attenuation of Replication-Competent Adenovirus Serotype 26 Vaccines by Vectorization
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2015-11), p. 1166-1175
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2015-11), p. 1166-1175
    Abstract: Replication-competent adenovirus (rcAd)-based vaccine vectors may theoretically provide immunological advantages over replication-incompetent Ad vectors, but they also raise additional potential clinical and regulatory issues. We produced replication-competent Ad serotype 26 (rcAd26) vectors by adding the E1 region back into a replication-incompetent Ad26 vector backbone with the E3 or E3/E4 regions deleted. We assessed the effect of vectorization on the replicative capacity of the rcAd26 vaccines. Attenuation occurred in a stepwise fashion, with E3 deletion, E4 deletion, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) gene insertion all contributing to reduced replicative capacity compared to that with the wild-type Ad26 vector. The rcAd26 vector with E3 and E4 deleted and containing the Env transgene exhibited 2.7- to 4.4-log-lower replicative capacity than that of the wild-type Ad26 in vitro . This rcAd26 vector is currently being evaluated in a phase 1 clinical trial. Attenuation as a result of vectorization and transgene insertion has implications for the clinical development of replication-competent vaccine vectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00510-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Control of Synthesis of Functional mRNA Coding for Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase from Rhodosporidium toruloides
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 153, No. 3 ( 1983-03), p. 1147-1154
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 153, No. 3 ( 1983-03), p. 1147-1154
    Abstract: The regulation of functional mRNA coding for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) from Rhodosporidium toruloides was investigated. Polyadenylic acid [poly(A)]-containing RNA was an efficient template for in vitro translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Non-poly(A)-containing RNA did not stimulate in vitro protein synthesis. Several lines of experimental evidence indicate that mRNA from R. toruloides directs PAL synthesis in reticulocyte lysate: (i) the major radioactive product in immunoprecipitates when lysates, incubated with yeast poly(A)-containing RNA, were reacted with PAL-antiserum had the same molecular weight as native PAL (75,000); (ii) this major radioactive product competes with authentic PAL for binding to PAL-antiserum; and (iii) partial proteolytic peptide maps of the in vitro translation product were very similar to those of native PAL. The levels of functional mRNA coding for PAL, when R. toruloides was grown in different physiological conditions, were determined by quantitation of PAL synthesized in vitro when RNA was added to reticulocyte lysate. Functional PAL mRNA was six times higher in yeast grown on phenylalanine compared with glucose-phenylalanine minimal medium. No functional PAL mRNA was detected in yeast grown on glucose-ammonia minimal medium in the presence or absence of phenylalanine. These observed changes in functional PAL mRNA were similar to levels of PAL catalytic and antigenic activity. The kinetics of functional PAL mRNA synthesis and degradation were studied. Maximum levels of functional PAL mRNA were observed within 60 min of transfer to PAL-inducing growth conditions. Poly(A)-containing RNA and functional PAL mRNA were rapidly degraded when cells were transferred from phenylalanine to glucose-ammonia minimal medium, with half-lives of 25 and 10 min, respectively. Thus, it is suggested that the alterations in the amount of PAL in cells of R. toruloides grown in different physiological conditions primarily result from alteration in the amount of functional mRNA coding for the enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jb.153.3.1147-1154.1983
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complete Genome Sequences of 18 Paenibacillus larvae Phages from the Western United States
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Microbiology Resource Announcements Vol. 7, No. 13 ( 2018-10-04)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Resource Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 7, No. 13 ( 2018-10-04)
    Abstract: We present here the complete genomes of 18 phages that infect Paenibacillus larvae , the causative agent of American foulbrood in honeybees. The phages were isolated between 2014 and 2016 as part of an undergraduate phage discovery course at Brigham Young University. The phages were isolated primarily from bee debris and lysogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2576-098X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00966-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968655-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The p14 FAST Protein of Reptilian Reovirus Increases Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Neuropathogenesis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 83, No. 2 ( 2009-01-15), p. 552-561
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 2 ( 2009-01-15), p. 552-561
    Abstract: The fusogenic orthoreoviruses express nonstructural fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) proteins that induce cell-cell fusion and syncytium formation. It has been speculated that the FAST proteins may serve as virulence factors by promoting virus dissemination and increased or altered cytopathology. To directly test this hypothesis, the gene encoding the p14 FAST protein of reptilian reovirus was inserted into the genome of a heterologous virus that does not naturally form syncytia, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Expression of the p14 FAST protein by the VSV/FAST recombinant gave the virus a highly fusogenic phenotype in cell culture. The growth of this recombinant fusogenic VSV strain was unaltered in vitro but was significantly enhanced in vivo. The VSV/FAST recombinant consistently generated higher titers of virus in the brains of BALB/c mice after intranasal or intravenous infection compared to the parental VSV/green fluorescent protein (GFP) strain that expresses GFP in place of p14. The VSV/FAST recombinant also resulted in an increased incidence of hind-limb paralysis, it infected a larger volume of brain tissue, and it induced more extensive neuropathology, thus leading to a lower maximum tolerable dose than that for the VSV/GFP parental virus. In contrast, an interferon-inducing mutant of VSV expressing p14 was still attenuated, indicating that this interferon-inducing phenotype is dominant to the fusogenic properties conveyed by the FAST protein. Based on this evidence, we conclude that the reovirus p14 FAST protein can function as a bona fide virulence factor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01921-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Common Features of Mucosal and Peripheral Antibody Responses Elicited by Candidate HIV-1 Vaccines in Rhesus Monkeys
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 88, No. 22 ( 2014-11-15), p. 13510-13515
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 88, No. 22 ( 2014-11-15), p. 13510-13515
    Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines that elicit protective antibody responses at mucosal sites would be highly desirable. Here, we report that intramuscular immunization of candidate HIV-1 vaccine vectors and purified Env proteins elicited potent and durable humoral immune responses in colorectal mucosa in rhesus monkeys. The kinetics, isotypes, functionality, and epitope specificity of these mucosal antibody responses were similar to those of peripheral responses in serum. These data suggest a close immunological relationship between mucosal and systemic antibody responses following vaccination in primates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02095-14
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
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