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  • American Society for Microbiology  (195)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The 5′ Untranslated Region of the Capsid Protein 2 Gene of Mink Enteritis Virus Is Essential for Its Expression
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 92, No. 18 ( 2018-09-15)
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 92, No. 18 ( 2018-09-15)
    Abstract: Mink enteritis virus (MEV), as a parvovirus, is among the smallest of the animal DNA viruses. The limited genome leads to multifunctional sequences and complex gene expression regulation. Here, we show that the expression of viral capsid protein 2 (VP2) of MEV requires its 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTR) which promote VP2 gene expression at both transcriptional and translational levels. The expression of VP2 was inhibited in several common eukaryotic expression vectors. Our data showed that the 5′ UTR of VP2 enhanced capsid gene transcription but not increased stability or promotes nucleocytoplasmic export of VP2 mRNA. Analysis of the functions of 5′ UTR fragments showed that the proximal region (nucleotides [nt] 1 to 270; that is, positions +1 to +270 relative to the transcription initiation site, nt 2048 to 2317 of MEV-L) of 5′ UTR of VP2 was necessary for VP2 transcription and also promoted the activity of P38 promoter. Unexpectedly, further analysis showed that deletion of the distal region (nt 271 to 653) of the 5′ UTR of VP2 almost completely abolished VP2 translation in the presence of P38, whereas the transcription was still induced significantly. Furthermore, using a luciferase reporter bicistronic system, we identified that the 5′ UTR had an internal ribosome entry site-like function which could be enhanced by NS1 via the site at nt 382 to 447. Mutation of the 5′ UTR in the MEV full-length clones further showed that the 5′ UTR was required for VP2 gene expression. Together, our data reveal an undiscovered function of 5′ UTR of MEV VP2 in regulating viral gene expression. IMPORTANCE MEV, a parvovirus, causes acute enteritis in mink. In the present report, we describe an untranslated sequence-dependent mechanism by which MEV regulates capsid gene expression. Our results highlight the roles of untranslated sequences in regulating the transcriptional activity of P38 promoter and translation of capsid genes. These data also reveal the possibility of an unusual translation mechanism in capsid protein expression and the multiple functions of nonstructural protein. A better understanding of the gene expression regulation mechanism of this virus will help in the design of new vaccines and targets for antiviral agents against MEV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00787-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Emergence and Continuous Evolution of Genotype 1E Rubella Viruses in China
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 50, No. 2 ( 2012-02), p. 353-363
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 50, No. 2 ( 2012-02), p. 353-363
    Abstract: In China, rubella vaccination was introduced into the national immunization program in 2008, and a rubella epidemic occurred in the same year. In order to know whether changes in the genotypic distribution of rubella viruses have occurred in the postvaccination era, we investigate in detail the epidemiological profile of rubella in China and estimate the evolutionary rate, molecular clock phylogeny, and demographic history of the predominant rubella virus genotypes circulating in China using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo phylodynamic analyses. 1E was found to be the predominant rubella virus genotype since its initial isolation in China in 2001, and no genotypic shift has occurred since then. The results suggest that the global 1E genotype may have diverged in 1995 and that it has evolved at a mutation rate of 1.65 × 10 −3 per site per year. The Chinese 1E rubella virus isolates were grouped into either cluster 1 or cluster 2, which likely originated in 1997 and 2006, respectively. Cluster 1 viruses were found in all provinces examined in this study and had a mutation rate of 1.90 × 10 −3 per site per year. The effective number of infections remained constant until 2007, and along with the introduction of rubella vaccine into the national immunization program, although the circulation of cluster 1 viruses has not been interrupted, some viral lineages have disappeared, and the epidemic started a decline that led to a decrease in the effective population size. Cluster 2 viruses were found only in Hainan Province, likely because of importation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01264-11
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Free-Living and Particle-Associated Vibrio Communities in the Northern Chinese Marginal Seas
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 85, No. 9 ( 2019-05)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 85, No. 9 ( 2019-05)
    Abstract: Vibrio species are associated with human health and play important roles in the carbon cycle. The interest in the Vibrio ecology in marine pelagic environments has increased in recent years, and the correlations between the Vibrio community structure and various environmental factors have been demonstrated. However, the identification of planktonic Vibrio species and their relationship with particulate matter are unclear. Here, we elucidated the spatiotemporal dynamics of Vibrio diversity and in relation to environmental factors in the northern Chinese marginal seas, which feature complex and ever-changing environmental conditions. Vibrio abundance derived from quantitative PCR analysis was higher in summer (∼1.4 × 10 6 copies liter −1 ) than in winter (∼1.9 × 10 5 copies liter −1 ). Interestingly, the average amount of free-living (on a 0.22-μm-pore-size filter membrane) Vibrio was higher (∼3.89 times) than that of particle-associated Vibrio (on a 3-μm-pore-size filter membrane), making it likely that the preferential lifestyle of the planktonic Vibrio community was free living. Shifts in Vibrio community composition identified by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the Vibrio -specific 16S rRNA gene were observed at both spatial and temporal scales, which were mainly driven by temperature, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, salinity, nitrite, and phosphate. The most prominent operational taxonomic units in summer were closely related to Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio caribbeanicus and shifted to those affiliated with Vibrio atlanticus in winter. Our study demonstrated abundant and diverse Vibrio populations in the northern Chinese marginal seas, contributing to a better understanding of their potential ecological roles in these ecosystems. IMPORTANCE The dynamics of Vibrio communities have been shown in many marine habitats that are close to land, including estuary or harbor areas. Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of Vibrio populations in the northern Chinese marginal seas, spanning a wide spatial scale. We showed that the abundances of the Vibrio population in the present study were higher than those in most previously studied areas and that Vibrio species are more likely to adopt a free-living lifestyle. Moreover, our results expanded upon previous results by showing a clear shift in the dominant Vibrio species from summer to winter, which was mainly attributable to the reduction in the abundance of dominant species in summer. Overall, this work contributes to the understanding of the ecology of the Vibrio communities in the marginal seas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00217-19
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Casimicrobium huifangae gen. nov., sp. nov., a Ubiquitous “Most-Wanted” Core Bacterial Taxon from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 86, No. 4 ( 2020-02-03)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 86, No. 4 ( 2020-02-03)
    Abstract: Microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a key role in the removal of pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewaters. A recent study estimated that activated sludge from global municipal WWTPs harbors 1 × 10 9 to 2 × 10 9 microbial species, the majority of which have not yet been cultivated, and 28 core taxa were identified as “most-wanted” ones (L. Wu, D. Ning, B. Zhang, Y. Li, et al., Nat Microbiol 4:1183–1195, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0426-5 ). Cultivation and characterization of the “most-wanted” core bacteria are critical to understand their genetic, physiological, phylogenetic, and ecological traits, as well as to improve the performance of WWTPs. In this study, we isolated a bacterial strain, designated SJ-1, that represents a novel cluster within Betaproteobacteria and corresponds to OTU_16 within the 28 core taxa in the “most-wanted” list. Strain SJ-1 was identified and nominated as Casimicrobium huifangae gen. nov., sp. nov., of a novel family, Casimicrobiaceae. C. huifangae is ubiquitously distributed and is metabolically versatile. In addition to mineralizing various carbon sources (including carbohydrates, aromatic compounds, and short-chain fatty acids), C. huifangae is capable of nitrate reduction and phosphorus accumulation. The population of C. huifangae accounted for more than 1% of the bacterial population of the activated sludge microbiome from the Qinghe WWTP, which showed seasonal dynamic changes. Cooccurrence analysis suggested that C. huifangae was an important module hub in the bacterial network of Qinghe WWTP. IMPORTANCE The activated sludge process is the most widely applied biotechnology and is one of the best ecosystems to address microbial ecological principles. Yet, the cultivation of core bacteria and the exploration of their physiology and ecology are limited. In this study, the core and novel bacterial taxon C. huifangae was cultivated and characterized. This study revealed that C. huifangae functioned as an important module hub in the activated sludge microbiome, and it potentially plays an important role in municipal wastewater treatment plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02209-19
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Candidatus Kaistella beijingensis sp. nov., Isolated from a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant, Is Involved in Sludge Foaming
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 87, No. 24 ( 2021-11-24)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 87, No. 24 ( 2021-11-24)
    Abstract: Biological foaming (or biofoaming) is a frequently occurring problem in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and is attributed to the overwhelming growth of filamentous bulking and foaming bacteria (BFB). Biological foaming has been intensively investigated, with BFB like Microthrix and Skermania having been identified from WWTPs and implicated in foaming. Nevertheless, studies are still needed to improve our understanding of the microbial diversity of WWTP biofoams and how microbial activities contribute to foaming. In this study, sludge foaming at the Qinghe WWTP of China was monitored, and sludge foams were investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent microbiological methods. The foam microbiomes exhibited high abundances of Skermania , Mycobacterium , Flavobacteriales , and Kaistella . A previously unknown bacterium, Candidatus Kaistella beijingensis, was cultivated from foams, its genome was sequenced, and it was phenotypically characterized. Ca . K. beijingensis exhibits hydrophobic cell surfaces, produces extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and metabolizes lipids. Ca . K. beijingensis abundances were proportional to EPS levels in foams. Several proteins encoded by the Ca . K. beijingensis genome were identified from EPS that was extracted from sludge foams. Ca . K. beijingensis populations accounted for 4 to 6% of the total bacterial populations in sludge foam samples within the Qinghe WWTP, although their abundances were higher in spring than in other seasons. Cooccurrence analysis indicated that Ca . K. beijingensis was not a core node among the WWTP community network, but its abundances were negatively correlated with those of the well-studied BFB Skermania piniformis among cross-season Qinghe WWTP communities. IMPORTANCE Biological foaming, also known as scumming, is a sludge separation problem that has become the subject of major concern for long-term stable activated sludge operation in decades. Biological foaming was considered induced by foaming bacteria. However, the occurrence and deterioration of foaming in many WWTPs are still not completely understood. Cultivation and characterization of the enriched bacteria in foaming are critical to understand their genetic, physiological, phylogenetic, and ecological traits, as well as to improve the understanding of their relationships with foaming and performance of WWTPs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01534-21
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Physiological Role of the Previously Unexplained Benzenetriol Dioxygenase Homolog in the Burkholderia sp. Strain SJ98 4-Nitrophenol Catabolism Pathway
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 87, No. 14 ( 2021-06-25)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 87, No. 14 ( 2021-06-25)
    Abstract: 4-Nitrophenol, a priority pollutant, is degraded by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria via 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT) and hydroquinone (HQ), respectively. All enzymes involved in the two pathways have been functionally identified. So far, all Gram-negative 4-nitrophenol utilizers are from the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. But it remains a mystery why pnpG , an apparently superfluous BT 1,2-dioxygenase-encoding gene, always coexists in the catabolic cluster ( pnpABCDEF ) encoding 4-nitrophenol degradation via HQ. Here, the physiological role of pnpG in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 was investigated. Deletion and complementation experiments established that pnpG is essential for strain SJ98 growing on 4-nitrocatechol rather than 4-nitrophenol. During 4-nitrophenol degradation by strain SJ98 and its two variants ( pnpG deletion and complementation strains), 1,4-benzoquinone and HQ were detected, but neither 4-nitrocatechol nor BT was observed. When the above-mentioned three strains (the wild type and complementation strains with 2,2′-dipyridyl) were incubated with 4-nitrocatechol, BT was the only intermediate detected. The results established the physiological role of pnpG that encodes BT degradation in vivo . Biotransformation analyses showed that the pnpA- deleted strain was unable to degrade both 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol. Thus, the previously characterized 4-nitrophenol monooxygenase PnpA SJ98 is also essential for the conversion of 4-nitrocatechol to BT. Among 775 available complete genomes for Pseudomonas and Burkholderia , as many as 89 genomes were found to contain the putative pnpBCDEFG genes. The paucity of pnpA (3 in 775 genomes) implies that the extension of BT and HQ pathways enabling the degradation of 4-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol is rarer, more recent, and likely due to the release of xenobiotic nitroaromatic compounds. IMPORTANCE An apparently superfluous gene ( pnpG ) encoding BT 1,2-dioxygenase is always found in the catabolic clusters involved in 4-nitrophenol degradation via HQ by Gram-negative bacteria. Our experiments reveal that pnpG is not essential for 4-nitrophenol degradation in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 but instead enables its degradation of 4-nitrocatechol via BT. The presence of pnpG genes broadens the range of growth substrates to include 4-nitrocatechol or BT, intermediates from the microbial degradation of many aromatic compounds in natural ecosystems. In addition, the existence of pnpCDEFG in 11.6% of the above-mentioned two genera suggests that the ability to degrade BT and HQ simultaneously is ancient. The extension of BT and HQ pathways including 4-nitrophenol degradation seems to be an adaptive evolution for responding to synthetic nitroaromatic compounds entering the environment since the industrial revolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00007-21
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals the Distribution, Organization, and Evolution of Metal Resistance Genes in the Genus Acidithiobacillus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 85, No. 2 ( 2019-01-15)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 85, No. 2 ( 2019-01-15)
    Abstract: Members of the genus Acidithiobacillus , which can adapt to extremely high concentrations of heavy metals, are universally found at acid mine drainage (AMD) sites. Here, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of 37 strains within the genus Acidithiobacillus to answer the untouched questions as to the mechanisms and the evolutionary history of metal resistance genes in Acidithiobacillus spp. The results showed that the evolutionary history of metal resistance genes in Acidithiobacillus spp. involved a combination of gene gains and losses, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and gene duplication. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that metal resistance genes in Acidithiobacillus spp. were acquired by early HGT events from species that shared habitats with Acidithiobacillus spp., such as Acidihalobacter , Thiobacillus , Acidiferrobacter , and Thiomonas species. Multicopper oxidase genes involved in copper detoxification were lost in iron-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus ferridurans , Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans , and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and were replaced by rusticyanin genes during evolution. In addition, widespread purifying selection and the predicted high expression levels emphasized the indispensable roles of metal resistance genes in the ability of Acidithiobacillus spp. to adapt to harsh environments. Altogether, the results suggested that Acidithiobacillus spp. recruited and consolidated additional novel functionalities during the adaption to challenging environments via HGT, gene duplication, and purifying selection. This study sheds light on the distribution, organization, functionality, and complex evolutionary history of metal resistance genes in Acidithiobacillus spp. IMPORTANCE Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), natural selection, and gene duplication are three main engines that drive the adaptive evolution of microbial genomes. Previous studies indicated that HGT was a main adaptive mechanism in acidophiles to cope with heavy-metal-rich environments. However, evidences of HGT in Acidithiobacillus species in response to challenging metal-rich environments and the mechanisms addressing how metal resistance genes originated and evolved in Acidithiobacillus are still lacking. The findings of this study revealed a fascinating phenomenon of putative cross-phylum HGT, suggesting that Acidithiobacillus spp. recruited and consolidated additional novel functionalities during the adaption to challenging environments via HGT, gene duplication, and purifying selection. Altogether, the insights gained in this study have improved our understanding of the metal resistance strategies of Acidithiobacillus spp.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02153-18
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Sphingolipids as Key Signaling Moieties in Appressorium Morphogenesis and Function in Magnaporthe oryzae
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  mBio Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2019-08-27)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2019-08-27)
    Abstract: The blast fungus initiates infection using a heavily melanized, dome-shaped infection structure known as the appressorium, which forcibly ruptures the cuticle to enter the rice leaf tissue. How this process takes place remains not fully understood. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics analyses to profile the metabolome of developing appressoria and identified significant changes in six key metabolic pathways, including early sphingolipid biosynthesis. Analyses employing small molecule inhibitors, gene disruption, or genetic and chemical complementation demonstrated that ceramide compounds of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway are essential for normal appressorial development controlled by mitosis. In addition, ceramide was found to act upstream from the protein kinase C-mediated cell wall integrity pathway during appressorium repolarization and pathogenicity in rice blast. Further discovery of the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway revealed that glucosylceramide (GlcCer) synthesized by ceramide is the key substance affecting the pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae . Our results provide new insights into the chemical moieties involved in the infection-related signaling networks, thereby revealing a potential target for the development of novel control agents against the major disease of rice and other cereals. IMPORTANCE Our untargeted analysis of metabolomics throughout the course of pathogenic development gave us an unprecedented high-resolution view of major shifts in metabolism that occur in the topmost fungal pathogen that infects rice, wheat, barley, and millet. Guided by these metabolic insights, we demonstrated their practical application by using two different small-molecule inhibitors of sphingolipid biosynthesis enzymes to successfully block the pathogenicity of M. oryzae . Our study thus defines the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway as a key step and potential target that can be exploited for the development of antifungal agents. Furthermore, future investigations that exploit such important metabolic intermediates will further deepen our basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the establishment of fungal blast disease in important cereal crops.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01467-19
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 9
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    Cross Talk between Chemosensory Pathways That Modulate Chemotaxis and Biofilm Formation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  mBio Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-02-26)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-02-26)
    Abstract: Complex chemosensory systems control multiple biological functions in bacteria, such as chemotaxis, gene regulation, and cell cycle progression. Many species contain more than one chemosensory system per genome, but little is known about their potential interplay. In this study, we reveal cross talk between two chemosensory pathways that modulate chemotaxis and biofilm formation in Comamonas testosteroni . We demonstrate that some chemoreceptors that govern chemotaxis also contribute to biofilm formation and these chemoreceptors can physically interact with components of both pathways. Finally, we show that the chemotaxis histidine kinase CheA can phosphorylate not only its cognate response regulator CheY 2 but also one of the response regulators from the pathway mediating biofilm formation, FlmD. The phosphoryl group transfer from CheA to CheY 2 is much faster than that from CheA to FlmD, which is consistent with chemotaxis being a fast response and biofilm formation being a much slower developmental process. We propose that cross talk between chemosensory pathways may play a role in coordination of complex behaviors in bacteria. IMPORTANCE In many bacteria, two or more homologous chemosensory pathways control several cellular functions, such as motility and gene regulation, in response to changes in the cell’s microenvironment. Cross talk between signal transduction systems is poorly understood; while generally it is considered to be undesired, in some instances it might be beneficial for coregulation of complex behaviors. We demonstrate that several receptors from the pathway controlling motility can physically interact with downstream components of the pathway controlling biofilm formation. We further show that a kinase from the pathway controlling motility can also phosphorylate a response regulator from the pathway controlling biofilm formation. We propose that cross talk between two chemosensory pathways might be involved in coordination of two types of cell behavior—chemotaxis and biofilm formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02876-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 10
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    Flexibility-Rigidity Coordination of the Dense Exopolysaccharide Matrix in Terrestrial Cyanobacteria Acclimated to Periodic Desiccation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 83, No. 22 ( 2017-11-15)
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 22 ( 2017-11-15)
    Abstract: A dense exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix is crucial for cyanobacterial survival in terrestrial xeric environments, in which cyanobacteria undergo frequent expansion and shrinkage processes during environmental desiccation-rehydration cycles. However, it is unclear how terrestrial cyanobacteria coordinate the structural dynamics of the EPS matrix upon expansion and shrinkage to avoid potential mechanical stress while benefiting from the matrix. In the present study, we sought to answer this question by investigating the gene expression, protein dynamics, enzymatic characteristics, and biological roles of WspA, an abundantly secreted protein, in the representative terrestrial cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme . The results demonstrated that WspA is a novel β-galactosidase that facilitates softening of the EPS matrix by breaking the polysaccharide backbone under substantial moisture or facilitates the thickening and relinkage of the broken matrix during the drying process, and thus these regulations are well correlated with moisture availability or desiccation-rehydration cycles. This coordination of flexibility and rigidity of the cyanobacterial extracellular matrix may contribute to a favorable balance of cell growth and stress resistance in xeric environments. IMPORTANCE How the exopolysaccharide matrix is dynamically coordinated by exoproteins to cope with frequent expansion and shrinkage processes in terrestrial colonial cyanobacteria remains unclear. Here we elucidated the biochemical identity and biological roles of a dominant exoprotein in these regulation processes. Our study thus gained insight into this regulative mechanism in cyanobacteria to combat periodic desiccation. In addition, the filamentous drought-adapted cyanobacterium Nostoc flagelliforme serves as an ideal model for us to explore this issue in this study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01619-17
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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