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  • American Society for Microbiology  (28)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antimicrobial strategies in the care of organ transplant recipients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1993
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 1993-04), p. 619-624
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 1993-04), p. 619-624
    Abstract: Since the early days of transplantation, infection has been a major consequence of antirejection immunosuppressive therapy. Increasingly effective prophylactic and preemptive strategies are being developed to prevent the infectious consequences of immunosuppressive therapy. Although the data base is incomplete and there remains a compelling need for well-designed, randomized, comparative trials, the potential for controlling life-threatening viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections exists. The cornerstone of this effort is the recognition that effective immunosuppressive strategies require an antimicrobial program to make them safe and that such an antimicrobial program needs to be individualized in order to be appropriately matched with the needs of the antirejection program. Thus, escalation and de-escalation of the antimicrobial program should be carried out to match the immunosuppressive program. Infection and rejection remain closely intertwined, linked by the immunosuppressive program that is prescribed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.37.4.619
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Single-dose amoxicillin therapy of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1984
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 1984-05), p. 626-629
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 1984-05), p. 626-629
    Abstract: Of 210 women who were experiencing dysuria, frequent urination, pyuria, and significant bacteriuria and who were treated with a single 3-g dose of amoxicillin, 165 (79%) were cured of their original infections. Patients with infections that were negative by antibody-coated-bacteria assay were cured at a significantly higher rate than those with infections that were positive by antibody-coated-bacteria assay (90 versus 59%; P less than 0.001). Similarly, those with infections caused by amoxicillin-susceptible organisms were cured at a significantly higher rate than those with infections caused by resistant organisms (85 versus 50%; P less than 0.001). Of 27 patients who had infections caused by amoxicillin-susceptible organisms and who had relapses after single-dose therapy, 14 (52%) had relapses again after a conventional 10-day course of therapy, although all responded to a 6-week course. An additional 27 patients experiencing dysuria, frequent urination, and pyuria but who had a lower number of uropathogens in the urine (10(2) to 10(4.5)/ml of urine) were treated with single-dose therapy, with a 100% eradication of organisms and an 89% rate of symptomatic relief.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.25.5.626
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1984
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of intravenous amdinocillin in healthy subjects and patients with renal insufficiency
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1985
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 1985-07), p. 46-50
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 28, No. 1 ( 1985-07), p. 46-50
    Abstract: Five healthy volunteers and 31 patients with various degrees of renal impairment received a 10-mg/kg intravenous dose of amdinocillin by infusion over 15 min to establish the disposition profile of the drug in plasma and urine. Both clearance from plasma and elimination rate constant showed a linear relationship with creatinine clearance. It was noted that in subjects with creatinine clearances of greater than 50 ml/min, the elimination half-life remained relatively constant; however, as the creatinine clearance decreased from 50 to 5 ml/min, there was a progressive rise in the elimination half-life. Despite the removal of the drug by hemodialysis (32 to 72% of the dose), concentrations of amdinocillin in plasma remained in the therapeutic range. In patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, less than 4.0% of the infused dose was removed by dialysis during the hourly exchanges over a 14- to 18-h period. Although the clearance from plasma and the half-life of amdinocillin were altered up to fourfold in patients with creatinine clearances of less than 15 ml/min, the amdinocillin dosage per se may not need to be reduced for these patients if the frequency of dosing is reduced from six to three or four times daily. This is based on drug accumulation estimates of 56% from a regimen of 10 mg/kg every 8 h in these patients as compared with less than 10% from a regimen of 10 mg/kg every 4 h in subjects with normal renal function. In addition, supplemental doses may not be necessary during or at the end of hemodialysis for patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.28.1.46
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mycobacterial Gene cuvA Is Required for Optimal Nutrient Utilization and Virulence
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 82, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 4104-4117
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 82, No. 10 ( 2014-10), p. 4104-4117
    Abstract: To persist and cause disease in the host, Mycobacterium tuberculosis must adapt to its environment during infection. Adaptations include changes in nutrient utilization and alterations in growth rate. M. tuberculosis Rv1422 is a conserved gene of unknown function that was found in a genetic screen to interact with the mce4 cholesterol uptake locus. The Rv1422 protein is phosphorylated by the M. tuberculosis Ser/Thr kinases PknA and PknB, which regulate cell growth and cell wall synthesis. Bacillus subtilis strains lacking the Rv1422 homologue yvcK grow poorly on several carbon sources, and yvcK is required for proper localization of peptidoglycan synthesis. Here we show that Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. tuberculosis strains lacking Rv1422 have growth defects in minimal medium containing limiting amounts of several different carbon sources. These strains also have morphological abnormalities, including shortened and bulging cells, suggesting a cell wall defect. In both mycobacterial species, the Rv1422 protein localizes uniquely to the growing cell pole, the site of peptidoglycan synthesis in mycobacteria. An M. tuberculosis ΔRv1422 strain is markedly attenuated for virulence in a mouse infection model, where it elicits decreased inflammation in the lungs and shows impaired bacterial persistence. These findings led us to name this gene cuvA ( c arbon u tilization and v irulence protein A ) and to suggest a model in which deletion of cuvA leads to changes in nutrient uptake and/or metabolism that affect cell wall structure, morphology, and virulence. Its role in virulence suggests that CuvA may be a useful target for novel inhibitors of M. tuberculosis during infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.02207-14
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of 18F-labeled fluconazole in healthy human subjects by positron emission tomography
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1993
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 1993-06), p. 1270-1277
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 37, No. 6 ( 1993-06), p. 1270-1277
    Abstract: The distribution of fluconazole in tissue of human volunteers was determined by positron emission tomographic scanning over a 2-h period following the infusion of a tracer dose of 18F-fluconazole (5 to 7 mCi) plus 400 mg of unlabeled drug (the standard daily dose of fluconazole). Previous studies have validated this approach for animals. From serial positron emission tomographic imaging and blood sampling, pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in tissue were determined. There was significant distribution of the radiolabeled drug in all organs studied, with nearly constant levels achieved by 1 h. Plateau concentrations of fluconazole in key organs (micrograms per gram) included the following: whole brain, 4.92 +/- 0.17; heart, 6.98 +/- 0.20; lung, 7.81 +/- 0.46; liver, 12.94 +/- 0.24; spleen, 22.96 +/- 2.5; kidney, 11.23 +/- 0.61; prostate, 8.24 +/- 0.58; and blood, 3.76 +/- 0.30. Since levels of fluconazole of 〉 6 micrograms/g are needed to treat infection with most strains of Candida and levels of 〉 10 micrograms/g are needed for Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum, the following predictions can be made. The current standard dose of 400 mg/day should be more than adequate in the treatment of urinary tract and hepatosplenic candidiasis but problematic in the treatment of candidal osteomyelitis, even with the higher levels that develop after multiple doses. Similarly, higher doses should be considered, particularly in immunocompromised patients, with infection with C. neoformans, H. capsulatum, and C. immitis that involves the central nervous and musculoskeletal systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.37.6.1270
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1993
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combined antibody and ganciclovir treatment of murine cytomegalovirus-infected normal and immunosuppressed BALB/c mice
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 33, No. 11 ( 1989-11), p. 1975-1979
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 33, No. 11 ( 1989-11), p. 1975-1979
    Abstract: The efficacy of treatment with ganciclovir (DHPG) and antibody activity-containing ascitic fluid (AF) separately and in combination was studied in normal and immunosuppressed BALB/c mice challenged intraperitoneally with a lethal dose (10(6) PFU) of murine cytomegalovirus (CMV). With combination therapy, lower doses of both DHPG and AF were often as effective as a higher dose of either agent given singly. For instance, the survival rate of murine CMV-challenged immunosuppressed mice was doubled when 4 mg of DHPG per kg and a 1:16 dilution of AF were both administered in contrast to when each was used alone. In both groups of animals, combination therapy was shown to be more effective than either therapy individually, even when initiation of therapy was delayed as long as 48 h. Such an approach holds promise for decreasing the expense associated with antibody use and the dose-related toxicity associated with DHPG use while maintaining or possibly increasing the efficacy of prophylaxis and therapy of serious CMV disease in humans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.33.11.1975
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolutionary genetic relationships of clones of Salmonella serovars that cause human typhoid and other enteric fevers
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1990
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 58, No. 7 ( 1990-07), p. 2262-2275
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 7 ( 1990-07), p. 2262-2275
    Abstract: Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was employed to measure chromosomal genotypic diversity and evolutionary relationships among 761 isolates of the serovars Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi A, S. paratyphi B, S. paratyphi C, and S. sendai, which are human-adapted agents of enteric fever, and S. miami and S. java, which are serotypically similar to S. sendai and S. paratyphi B, respectively, but cause gastroenteritis in both humans and animals. To determine the phylogenetic positions of the clones of these forms within the context of the salmonellae of subspecies I, comparative data for 22 other common serovars were utilized. Except for S. paratyphi A and S. sendai, the analysis revealed no close phylogenetic relationships among clones of different human-adapted serovars, which implies convergence in host adaptation and virulence factors. Clones of S. miami are not allied with those of S. sendai or S. paratyphi A, being, instead, closely related to strains of S. panama. Clones of S. paratyphi B and S. java belong to a large phylogenetic complex that includes clones of S. typhimurium, S. heidelberg, S. saintpaul, and S. muenchen. Most strains of S. paratyphi B belong to a globally distributed clone that is highly polymorphic in biotype, bacteriophage type, and several other characters, whereas strains of S. java represent seven diverse lineages. The flagellar monophasic forms of S. java are genotypically more similar to clones of S. typhimurium than to other clones of S. java or S. paratyphi B. Clones of S. paratyphi C are related to those of S. choleraesuis. DNA probing with a segment of the viaB region specific for the Vi capsular antigen genes indicated that the frequent failure of isolates of S. paratyphi C to express Vi antigen is almost entirely attributable to regulatory processes rather than to an absence of the structural determinant genes themselves. Two clones of S. typhisuis are related to those of S. choleraesuis and S. paratyphi C, but a third clone is not. Although the clones of S. decatur and S. choleraesuis are serologically and biochemically similar, they are genotypically very distinct. Two clones of S. typhi were distinguished, one globally distributed and another apparently confined to Africa; both clones are distantly related to those of all other serovars studied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.7.2262-2275.1990
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular evolutionary genetics of the cattle-adapted serovar Salmonella dublin
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1992
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 174, No. 11 ( 1992-06), p. 3587-3592
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 174, No. 11 ( 1992-06), p. 3587-3592
    Abstract: An electrophoretic analysis of allelic variation at 24 enzyme loci among 170 isolates of the serovar Salmonella dublin (serotype 1,9,12[Vi]:g,p:-) identified three electrophoretic types (Du 1, Du 3, and Du 4), marking three closely related clones, one of which (Du 1) is globally distributed and was represented by 95% of the randomly selected isolates. All but 1 of 114 nonmotile isolates of serotype 1,9,12:-:- recovered from cattle and swine in the United States were genotypically Du 1. The virulence capsular polysaccharide (Vi antigen) is confined to clone Du 3, which apparently is limited in distribution to France and Great Britain. For all 29 isolates of Du 3, positive signals were detected when genomic DNA was hybridized with a probe specific for the ViaB region, which contains the structurally determinant genes for the Vi antigen; and 23 of these isolates had been serologically typed as Vi positive. In contrast, all 30 isolates of Du 1 tested with the ViaB probe were negative. These findings strongly suggest that the ViaB genes were recently acquired by S. dublin via horizontal transfer and additive recombination. The clones of S. dublin are closely similar to the globally predominant clone (En 1) of Salmonella enteritidis (serotype 1,9,12:g,m:-) in both multilocus enzyme genotype and nucleotide sequence of the fliC gene encoding phase 1 flagellin. Comparative sequencing of fliC has revealed the molecular genetic basis for expression of the p and m flagellar epitopes by which these serovars are distinguished in the Kauffmann-White serological scheme of classification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.11.3587-3592.1992
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1992
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever through identification of Salmonella typhi within 18 hours of specimen acquisition by culture of the mononuclear cell-platelet fraction of blood
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 1990-04), p. 825-827
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 28, No. 4 ( 1990-04), p. 825-827
    Abstract: Detection of Salmonella typhi in blood by culture of the mononuclear cell-platelet layer was compared with other methods currently used for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Colonies of S. typhi were present in all mononuclear cell-platelet layer-positive cultures within 18 h of plating and were identified within an additional 10 min by a coagglutination technique. In contrast, identification of all positive cultures by conventional blood culture required 3 days.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.4.825-827.1990
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cloning of a Brucella melitensis group 3 antigen gene encoding Omp28, a protein recognized by the humoral immune response during human brucellosis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1996
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 64, No. 7 ( 1996-07), p. 2490-2499
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 64, No. 7 ( 1996-07), p. 2490-2499
    Abstract: Brucella group 3 antigens (Ags) are outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with a molecular mass ranging from 25 to 30 kDa. The OMPs are of interest partially because of their potential use as vaccine and diagnostic reagents. We used human convalescent antibody (Ab) to clone a gene that encoded a 28-kDa protein from a lambdagt11 library of Brucella melitensis 16M genomic DNA. DNA sequence analysis revealed a single open reading frame that would encode a protein of 26,552 Da. The 28-kDa protein had a primary amino acid sequence that was 43% similar to a previously described Brucella abortus group 3 Ag, Omp25 (P. de Wergifosse, P. Lintermans, J. N. Limet, and A. Cloeckaert, J. Bacteriol. 177:1911-1914, 1995). The similarity to a known group 3 OMP, immunoreactivity with Ab prepared against B. abortus group Ags, immunolabeling of whole cells, and Southern hybridization led to our conclusion that the B. melitensis 28-kDa protein was a group 3 protein distinct from B. abortus Omp25. We designated the B. melitensis protein Omp28. Human convalescent sera from patients infected with B. abortus and Brucella suis as well as rabbit antisera prepared against killed B. abortus whole cells recognized B. melitensis Omp28 on Western blots (immunoblots). Furthermore, mice and goats infected with smooth strains of B. melitensis produced Abs against Omp28. Our results may begin to explain the variability in molecular weight seen in Brucella group Ags and point toward their possible use in vaccination against infection as well as diagnosis of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.7.2490-2499.1996
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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