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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of New Quantitative Assays for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 1999-10), p. 3124-3132
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 37, No. 10 ( 1999-10), p. 3124-3132
    Abstract: Cobas Amplicor CMV Monitor (CMM) and Quantiplex CMV bDNA 2.0 (CMV bDNA 2.0), two new standardized and quantitative assays for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in plasma and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), respectively, were compared to the CMV viremia assay, pp65 antigenemia assay, and the Amplicor CMV test (P-AMP). The CMV loads were measured in 384 samples from 58 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-infected, CMV-seropositive subjects, including 13 with symptomatic CMV disease. The assays were highly concordant (agreement, 0.88 to 0.97) except when the CMV load was low. Quantitative results for plasma and PBLs were significantly correlated (Spearman ρ = 0.92). For PBLs, positive results were obtained 125 days before symptomatic CMV disease by CMV bDNA 2.0 and 124 days by pp65 antigenemia assay, whereas they were obtained 46 days before symptomatic CMV disease by CMM and P-AMP. At the time of CMV disease diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CMV bDNA 2.0 were 92.3, 97.8, 92.3, and 97.8%, respectively, whereas they were 92.3, 93.3, 80, and 97.8%, respectively, for the pp65 antigenemia assay; 84.6, 100, 100, and 95.7%, respectively, for CMM; and 76.9, 100, 100, and 93.8%, respectively, for P-AMP. Considering the entire follow-up, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of CMV bDNA 2.0 were 92.3, 73.3, 52.1, and 97.1%, respectively, whereas they were 100, 55.5, 39.4, and 100%, respectively, for the pp65 antigenemia assay; 92.3, 86.7, 66.7, and 97.5%, respectively, for CMM; and 84.6, 91.1, 73.3, and 95.3%, respectively, for P-AMP. Detection of CMV in plasma is technically easy and, despite its later positivity (i.e., later than in PBLs), can provide enough information sufficiently early so that HIV-infected patients can be effectively treated. In addition, these standardized quantitative assays accurately monitor the efficacy of anti-CMV treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.10.3124-3132.1999
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interpretation of Genotype and Pharmacokinetics for Resistance to Fosamprenavir-Ritonavir-Based Regimens in Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2007-04), p. 1473-1480
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 4 ( 2007-04), p. 1473-1480
    Abstract: In this study, named the Zephir study (Tel z ir- ph armacokinetics), 121 antiretroviral-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients failing on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were included in a prospective cohort and received a fosamprenavir-ritonavir (700 mg/100 mg twice a day)-based regimen. The impact of baseline HIV type 1 (HIV-1) mutations, pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, and genotype inhibitory quotient (GIQ) on the virological response at week 12 (W12) was assessed. HIV reverse transcriptase and protease were sequenced at W0. The response at W12 was defined as 〈 2.3 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml or a virus load decrease of ≥1 log 10 copies/ml. W4 amprenavir PK were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Patients had a median of nine previous treatments over 8 years. Median W0 values were as follows: 295 CD4 + /μl, 4.4 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml, and 6 protease- and 5 nucleotide reverse transcription inhibitor-related mutations. Respective values for minimum concentration of drug in serum ( C min ) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from 0 to 24 h were 1,400 ng/ml and 35 mg·h/ml. At W12, 52% of the patients were successes, with a median decrease of −0.7 log 10 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml. The Zephir mutation score included 12 IAS protease mutations associated with poorer virological response: L10I/F/R/V, L33F, M36I, M46I/L, I54L/M/T/V, I62V, L63P, A71I/L/V/T, G73A/C/F/T, V82A/F/S/T, I84V, L90M, and polymorphism mutations I13V, L19I, K55R, and L89M. Comparing 〈 4 versus ≥4 mutations, HIV-1 RNA decreases were −2.3 log 10 copies/ml versus −0.1 log 10 copies/ml ( P 〈 10 −4 ) with 93% versus 19% successes ( P 〈 10 −4 ), respectively. This score predicted W12 failure with 94% sensitivity, versus 31% for the ANRS 2005 algorithm. C min ( 〈 1,600 ng/ml), AUC ( 〈 40 mg·h/ml), and GIQ ( 〈 300) values were associated with failure (all P values were 〈 10 −4 ). The need to test genotype-based algorithms using different patient databases before their implementation in clinical practice is highlighted. Specific mutations, PK and GIQ, provide relevant information for monitoring fosamprenavir-ritonavir-based HAART.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00481-06
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Borna Disease Virus RNA in Immunocompromised Patients in Southwestern France
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2003-12), p. 5577-5581
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 12 ( 2003-12), p. 5577-5581
    Abstract: Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic RNA virus with a wide host range. Human infections, although controversial, have been described in Europe, Asia, and the United States. The present study investigated the existence of BDV infections in immunocompromised human beings, namely, 82 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and 80 therapeutically immunosuppressed patients. BDV p40 RNAs were detected in peripheral white blood cells with reverse transcription-nested PCR and hybridization in, respectively, 11 (13.41%) and 1 (1.25%) of the two groups of patients. BDV p24 RNAs were identified in only one of those. BDV RNA was detected in the absence of any neuropsychiatrical illness, suggesting that BDV infections may occur in asymptomatic carriers. The severity and particularity of cellular immunosuppression could explain the significantly increased detection of BDV RNA in HIV-infected patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.12.5577-5581.2003
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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    Online Resource
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