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  • American Society for Microbiology  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Monitoring of Polyomavirus BK Virus Viruria and Viremia in Renal Allograft Recipients by Use of a Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay: One-Year Prospective Study
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 45, No. 11 ( 2007-11), p. 3568-3573
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 45, No. 11 ( 2007-11), p. 3568-3573
    Abstract: We have developed a real-time quantitative PCR (rt-QPCR) assay to detect and kinetically monitor BK virus viruria and viremia in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). A total of 607 urine and 223 plasma samples were collected from 203 individuals including those with BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) ( n = 8), those undergoing routine posttransplant surveillance (SV) ( n = 155), those with nontransplant chronic kidney disease (NT-CKD) ( n = 20), and healthy living kidney donors (LD) ( n = 20). The rt-QPCR assay was found to be highly sensitive and specific, with a wide dynamic range (2.4 to 11 log 10 copies/ml) and very good precision (coefficient of variation, ∼5.9%). There was a significant difference in the prevalences of viruria and viremia between the BKVAN (100% and 100%) and SV (23% and 3.9%) groups ( P 〈 0.001). No viruria or viremia was detected in LD or in NT-CKD patients. The median (range) peak levels of BK virus viruria and viremia, in log 10 copies/ml, were 10.26 (9.04 to 10.83) and 4.83 (3.65 to 5.86) for the BKVAN group versus 0 (0 to 10.83) and 0 (0 to 5.65) for the SV group, respectively ( P 〈 0.001). When the BK virus load in the urine was 〈 7.0 log 10 copies/ml, no BK virus viremia was detected. When the BK virus load in the urine reached 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, and ≥10.0 log 10 copies/ml, the corresponding detection of BK virus viremia increased to 20, 33, 50, and 100%, respectively. We propose monitoring of BK virus viruria in RTRs, with plasma BK virus load testing reserved for those with viruria levels of ≥7.0 log 10 copies/ml.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00655-07
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Emergence of a New Norovirus GII.4 Variant and Changes in the Historical Biennial Pattern of Norovirus Outbreak Activity in Alberta, Canada, from 2008 to 2013
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 2204-2211
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 2204-2211
    Abstract: The public health impact of the emergence of new norovirus (NoV) strains is uncertain. A biennial pattern of alternating quiescent and epidemic levels of NoV outbreak activity associated with the emergence of new GII.4 variants was observed in Alberta, Canada, between July 2000 and June 2008. In this study, NoV genogroup I (GI) and GII strains isolated from 710 outbreak specimens in Alberta between July 2008 and January 2013 were characterized to update historical data. The seasonality and annual variation in NoV outbreak burden were analyzed over a 10-year period (July 2002 to June 2012). We found that GII.4-2006b had persisted as the predominant variant over three observation periods (July 2006 to June 2009) during which the biennial NoV outbreak pattern continued. The emergence of GII.4-2010 (winter 2009) was not associated with increased outbreak activity, and outbreak activity between July 2009 and June 2012 when GII.4-2010 predominated (67.5 to 97.7%) did not follow a biennial pattern. GII.4-2012 first emerged in Alberta in September 2011 and became predominant in observation period July 2012 to June 2013. NoV GI, relatively rare in past years, had a higher activity level (37.3%) as represented by GI.6 and GI.7 in the winter of 2012 to 2013. A higher proportion of GI outbreaks occurred in non-health care facility settings compared to GII. Our study suggests that factors other than new variants emergence contribute to the levels of NoV outbreak activity in Alberta.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00663-13
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of LightCycler-Based PCR, COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor, and pp65 Antigenemia Assays for Quantitative Measurement of Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Peripheral Blood Specimens from Patients after Solid Organ Transplantation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 41, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 3167-3174
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 41, No. 7 ( 2003-07), p. 3167-3174
    Abstract: In order to evaluate the LightCycler-based PCR (LC-PCR) as a diagnostic assay technique, a classical pp65 antigenemia assay and the commercially available COBAS Amplicor CMV Monitor (CACM) assay were compared to the LC-PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) load in 404 parallel specimens of peripheral blood from 66 patients after solid organ transplantation. A good correlation existed among these three assays ( r ≅ 0.6, P 〈 0.0001). The LC-PCR assay was the most sensitive (54% of specimens positive) compared to the CACM (48.6%) and the pp65 antigenemia (26%) assays. The LC-PCR assay detected all samples found positive by using both the CMV pp65 antigenemia assay and the CACM assay. The LC-PCR also had the widest dynamic range (from 250 to 10 7 DNA copies/ml of plasma). No cross-reactions were found among CMV and Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, or herpes simplex virus in the LC-PCR by using amplification with specifically designed primer pairs. Precision, expressed as the coefficient of variation, was 〈 3% with standard DNA from cell cultures and between 6.55 and 14.1% with clinical specimens in repeat LC-PCR runs. One run of the LC-PCR took half of the time required for the semiautomated CACM procedure. Because of its sensitivity, specificity, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity, the LC-PCR assay could replace the pp65 antigenemia and the CACM assays as the preferred technique for the surveillance, diagnosis, and monitoring of response of CMV diseases in high-risk populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3167-3174.2003
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multicenter Comparison of Two Norovirus ORF2-Based Genotyping Protocols
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 47, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 3927-3932
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 47, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 3927-3932
    Abstract: Point source norovirus outbreaks can be difficult to track due to high background levels of the virus in the environment and the limited strain variation in some genotyping regions. However, rapid and accurate source identification can limit the spread of a foodborne outbreak and reduce the number of cases. Harmonization of genotyping assays is critical for enabling the rapid exchange of sequence data nationally and internationally. Several regions of the genome have been proposed for this purpose, but no consensus has been reached. In the present study, two standardized genotyping protocols (region C and region D) were evaluated by nine laboratories in Canada and the United States, using a coded panel of 96 fecal specimens representing 22 different norovirus genotypes. Overall, region C typing had a success rate of 78% compared to 52% for region D; however, region D provides greater nucleotide sequence diversity for identifying new GII.4 variant strains. Significant differences in the genotyping success rate were observed among the nine participating laboratories (10% to 100%) and among the different genotypes (6% to 100%). For several genogroup II strains, reduced region D amplification correlated directly with mismatches between primer sequences and the template. Based on overall performance, we recommend the region C protocol for routine genotyping of noroviruses, while the region D protocol may be useful for identifying new GII.4 variants. Standardized genotyping protocols will enable rapid exchange of outbreak and sequence data through electronic norovirus surveillance networks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00497-09
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reovirus genomic diversity confers plasticity for protease utility during adaptation to intracellular uncoating
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Virology
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology
    Abstract: Reoviruses infect many mammals and are widely studied as a model system for enteric viruses. However, most of our reovirus knowledge comes from laboratory strains maintained on immortalized L929 cells. Herein, we asked whether naturally circulating reoviruses possess the same genetic and phenotypic characteristics as laboratory strains. Naturally circulating reoviruses obtained from sewage were extremely diverse genetically. Moreover, sewage reoviruses exhibited poor fitness on L929 cells and relied heavily on gut proteases for viral uncoating and productive infection compared to laboratory strains. We then examined how naturally circulating reoviruses might adapt to cell culture conditions. Within three passages, virus isolates from the parental sewage population were selected, displaying improved fitness and intracellular uncoating in L929 cells. Remarkably, selected progeny clones were present at 0.01% of the parental population. Altogether, using reovirus as a model, our study demonstrates how the high genetic diversity of naturally circulating viruses results in rapid adaptation to new environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00828-23
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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