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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic and Antigenic Typing of Seasonal Influenza Virus Breakthrough Cases from a 2008-2009 Vaccine Efficacy Trial
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 271-279
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 271-279
    Abstract: Estimations of the effectiveness of vaccines against seasonal influenza virus are guided by comparisons of the antigenicities between influenza virus isolates from clinical breakthrough cases with strains included in a vaccine. This study examined whether the prediction of antigenicity using a sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene-encoded HA1 domain is a simpler alternative to using the conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, which requires influenza virus culturing. Specimens were taken from breakthrough cases that occurred in a trivalent influenza virus vaccine efficacy trial involving 〉 43,000 participants during the 2008-2009 season. A total of 498 influenza viruses were successfully subtyped as A(H3N2) (380 viruses), A(H1N1) (29 viruses), B(Yamagata) (23 viruses), and B(Victoria) (66 viruses) from 603 PCR- or culture-confirmed specimens. Unlike the B strains, most A(H3N2) (377 viruses) and all A(H1N1) viruses were classified as homologous to the respective vaccine strains based on their HA1 domain nucleic acid sequence. HI titers relative to the respective vaccine strains and PCR subtyping were determined for 48% (182/380) of A(H3N2) and 86% (25/29) of A(H1N1) viruses. Eighty-four percent of the A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses classified as homologous by sequence were matched to the respective vaccine strains by HI testing. However, these homologous A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses displayed a wide range of relative HI titers. Therefore, although PCR is a sensitive diagnostic method for confirming influenza virus cases, HA1 sequence analysis appeared to be of limited value in accurately predicting antigenicity; hence, it may be inappropriate to classify clinical specimens as homologous or heterologous to the vaccine strain for estimating vaccine efficacy in a prospective clinical trial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00544-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Open-Label Trial of Immunogenicity and Safety of a 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Adults ≥50 Years of Age in Mexico
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 185-192
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 185-192
    Abstract: This open-label multicenter clinical trial conducted in Mexico assessed the immunogenicity and safety of a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults ≥50 years of age not previously vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). The PCV13 elicited a robust immune response in this study population, as reflected by the magnitude of fold rises in functional antibody levels measured by serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assays before and 1 month after vaccination. Although the prevaccination OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs) for the majority of the serotypes were significantly lower in the 50- to 64-year age group than those in the ≥65-year age group, the postvaccination immune responses were generally similar. The overall immune responses were higher for the majority of the serotypes in the Mexican study population than those in similar adult study populations who received the PCV13 in Europe and the United States. PCV13 was well tolerated, and there were no vaccine-related serious adverse events. In conclusion, PCV13 is safe and immunogenic when administered to adults ≥50 years of age in Mexico and has the potential to protect against vaccine-type pneumococcal disease. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01432262.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00711-14
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Molecular Characterization of Invasive and Noninvasive Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2001-04), p. 1353-1359
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2001-04), p. 1353-1359
    Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is the primary bacterial cause of food-borne illness. Adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells are the most important pathogenic mechanisms of Campylobacter diarrhea. Molecular characterization of invasive and noninvasive Campylobacter isolates from children with diarrhea and symptom-free children was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA techniques (RAPD). A distinct RAPD profile with a DNA band of 1.6 kb was observed significantly more frequently among invasive (63%) than among noninvasive (16%) Campylobacter isolates ( P = 0.000005). The 1.6-kb band was named the invasion-associated marker (IAM). Using specifically designed primers, a fragment of 518 bp of the iam locus was amplified in 85% of invasive and 20% of noninvasive strains ( P = 0.0000000). Molecular typing with a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay which amplified the entire iam locus showed a Hin dIII restriction fragment polymorphism pattern associated mainly with invasive strains. Although cluster analysis of the RAPD fingerprinting showed genetic diversity among strains, two main clusters were identified. Cluster I comprised significantly more pathogenic and invasive isolates, while cluster II grouped the majority of nonpathogenic, noninvasive isolates. These data indicate that most of the invasive Campylobacter strains could be differentiated from noninvasive isolates by RAPD analysis and PCR using specific primers that amplify a fragment of the iam locus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.4.1353-1359.2001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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