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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Susceptibility of Inbred Mice to Rickettsia parkeri
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 1846-1852
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 80, No. 5 ( 2012-05), p. 1846-1852
    Abstract: Rickettsia parkeri , a member of the spotted fever group Rickettsia , is the causative agent of American boutonneuse fever in humans. Despite the increased recognition of human cases, limited information is available regarding the infection of invertebrate and vertebrate hosts for this emerging tick-borne disease. Toward the development of a viable transmission model and to further characterize the pathology associated with R. parkeri infection, inbred mouse strains (A/J, BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, and C3H/HeN) were intravenously and intradermally inoculated with 10 5 low-passage-number R. parkeri (Portsmouth strain), and infection, gross pathology, and histopathology were scored. Additionally, a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to estimate rickettsial load in heart, lung, spleen, and liver tissues of infected mice at 19 days postinoculation. Of the A/J, BALB/c, and C3H/HeN mice, none displayed universal pathology consistent with sustained infection. Compared to age-matched control mice, the intravenously inoculated C3H/HeJ mice exhibited marked facial edema and marked splenomegaly upon gross examination, while the intradermally inoculated mice developed characteristic eschar-like lesions. The C3H/HeJ mice also exhibited the greatest concentrations of rickettsial DNA from heart, lung, liver, and spleen samples when examined by qPCR. The similarity of the pathology of human disease and sustained infection suggests that the C3H/HeJ strain of mice is a promising candidate for subsequent experiments to examine the tick transmission, dissemination, and pathology of R. parkeri rickettsiosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00109-12
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 2
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    Quantification of the Adenylate Cyclase Toxin of Bordetella pertussis In Vitro and during Respiratory Infection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 81, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 1390-1398
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 1390-1398
    Abstract: Whooping cough results from infection of the respiratory tract with Bordetella pertussis , and the secreted adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is essential for the bacterium to establish infection. Despite extensive study of the mechanism of ACT cytotoxicity and its effects over a range of concentrations in vitro , ACT has not been observed or quantified in vivo , and thus the concentration of ACT at the site of infection is unknown. The recently developed baboon model of infection mimics the prolonged cough and transmissibility of pertussis, and we hypothesized that measurement of ACT in nasopharyngeal washes (NPW) from baboons, combined with human and in vitro data, would provide an estimate of the ACT concentration in the airway during infection. NPW contained up to ∼10 8 CFU/ml B. pertussis and 1 to 5 ng/ml ACT at the peak of infection. Nasal aspirate specimens from two human infants with pertussis contained bacterial concentrations similar to those in the baboons, with 12 to 20 ng/ml ACT. When ∼10 8 CFU/ml of a laboratory strain of B. pertussis was cultured in vitro , ACT production was detected in 60 min and reached a plateau of ∼60 ng/ml in 6 h. Furthermore, when bacteria were brought into close proximity to target cells by centrifugation, intoxication was increased 4-fold. Collectively, these data suggest that at the bacterium-target cell interface during infection of the respiratory tract, the concentration of ACT can exceed 100 ng/ml, providing a reference point for future studies of ACT and pertussis pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00110-13
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 3
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    Wide Dispersal and Possible Multiple Origins of Low-Copy-Number Plasmids in Rickettsia Species Associated with Blood-Feeding Arthropods
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 76, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1718-1731
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 76, No. 6 ( 2010-03-15), p. 1718-1731
    Abstract: Plasmids are mobile genetic elements of bacteria that can impart important adaptive traits, such as increased virulence or antibiotic resistance. We report the existence of plasmids in Rickettsia ( Rickettsiales ; Rickettsiaceae ) species, including Rickettsia akari , “ Candidatus Rickettsia amblyommii,” R. bellii , R. rhipicephali , and REIS, the rickettsial endosymbiont of Ixodes scapularis . All of the rickettsiae were isolated from humans or North and South American ticks. R. parkeri isolates from both continents did not possess plasmids. We have now demonstrated plasmids in nearly all Rickettsia species that we have surveyed from three continents, which represent three of the four major proposed phylogenetic groups associated with blood-feeding arthropods. Gel-based evidence consistent with the existence of multiple plasmids in some species was confirmed by cloning plasmids with very different sequences from each of two “ Ca . Rickettsia amblyommii” isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of rickettsial ParA plasmid partitioning proteins indicated multiple parA gene origins and plasmid incompatibility groups, consistent with possible multiple plasmid origins. Phylogenetic analysis of potentially host-adaptive rickettsial small heat shock proteins showed that hsp2 genes were plasmid specific and that hsp1 genes, found only on plasmids of “ Ca . Rickettsia amblyommii,” R. felis , R. monacensis , and R. peacockii , were probably acquired independently of the hsp2 genes. Plasmid copy numbers in seven Rickettsia species ranged from 2.4 to 9.2 per chromosomal equivalent, as determined by real-time quantitative PCR. Plasmids may be of significance in rickettsial evolution and epidemiology by conferring genetic plasticity and host-adaptive traits via horizontal gene transfer that counteracts the reductive genome evolution typical of obligate intracellular bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02988-09
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 4
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    Isolation of Rickettsia parkeri and Identification of a Novel Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia sp. from Gulf Coast Ticks ( Amblyomma maculatum ) in the United States
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2010
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 76, No. 9 ( 2010-05), p. 2689-2696
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 76, No. 9 ( 2010-05), p. 2689-2696
    Abstract: Until recently, Amblyomma maculatum (the Gulf Coast tick) had garnered little attention compared to other species of human-biting ticks in the United States. A. maculatum is now recognized as the principal vector of Rickettsia parkeri , a pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsia (SFGR) that causes an eschar-associated illness in humans that resembles Rocky Mountain spotted fever. A novel SFGR, distinct from other recognized Rickettsia spp., has also been detected recently in A. maculatum specimens collected in several regions of the southeastern United States. In this study, 198 questing adult Gulf Coast ticks were collected at 4 locations in Florida and Mississippi; 28% of these ticks were infected with R. parkeri , and 2% of these were infected with a novel SFGR. Seventeen isolates of R. parkeri from individual specimens of A. maculatum were cultivated in Vero E6 cells; however, all attempts to isolate the novel SFGR were unsuccessful. Partial genetic characterization of the novel SFGR revealed identity with several recently described, incompletely characterized, and noncultivated SFGR, including “ Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae” and Rickettsia sp. Argentina detected in several species of Neotropical ticks from Argentina and Peru. These findings suggest that each of these “novel” rickettsiae represent the same species. This study considerably expanded the number of low-passage, A. maculatum -derived isolates of R. parkeri and characterized a second, sympatric Rickettsia sp. found in Gulf Coast ticks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02737-09
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 5
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    Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a Prototypical Emerging Pathogen
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Clinical Microbiology Reviews Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 37-64
    Details
    In: Clinical Microbiology Reviews, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2003-01), p. 37-64
    Abstract: Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical “emerging infection.” Knowledge of the biology and natural history of E. chaffeensis, and of the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of the zoonotic disease it causes (commonly referred to as human monocytic ehrlichiosis [HME]) has expanded considerably in the period since its discovery. In this review, we summarize briefly the current understanding of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations associated with this pathogen but focus primarily on discussing various ecological factors responsible for the recent recognition of this important and potentially life-threatening tick-borne disease. Perhaps the most pivotal element in the emergence of HME has been the staggering increases in white-tailed deer populations in the eastern United States during the 20th century. This animal serves as a keystone host for all life stages of the principal tick vector (Amblyomma americanum) and is perhaps the most important vertebrate reservoir host for E. chaffeensis. The contributions of other components, including expansion of susceptible human populations, growth and broadening geographical distributions of other potential reservoir species and A. americanum, and improvements in confirmatory diagnostic methods, are also explored.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0893-8512 , 1098-6618
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CMR.16.1.37-64.2003
    RVK:
    XA 36863
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1497041-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus and Influenza Virus Coinfections in Patients with Fatal Pneumonia
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 4223-4225
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 12 ( 2013-12), p. 4223-4225
    Abstract: Molecular techniques were used to characterize genetic features of Staphylococcus aureus in 66 fatal cases of pneumonia caused by S. aureus and influenza A or B viruses. Nucleic acids were extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The majority of cases revealed genetic markers for Panton-Valentine leukocidin, mecA , and spa type t008.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02503-13
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    A Novel TaqMan Assay for Detection of Rickettsia 364D, the Etiologic Agent of Pacific Coast Tick Fever
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2019-12-23)
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 2019-12-23)
    Abstract: Pacific Coast tick fever is a febrile illness associated with the bite of Dermacentor occidentalis and results from an infection due to the intracellular pathogen Rickettsia 364D (also known by the proposed name “ Rickettsia philipii ”). Current molecular methods for the detection of this pathogen rely on the amplification of a conserved spotted fever group rickettsial gene ( omp A) followed by DNA sequencing of the amplicon to identify the species. This work describes the development of a Rickettsia 364D-specific TaqMan assay to simplify and accelerate the detection and identification processes. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 1 genomic copy per 4-μl sample and is highly specific for Rickettsia 364D. The utility of this assay for ecological and diagnostic samples was evaluated using banked specimens collected in a single-blind manner and yielded a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In conclusion, we describe the development and evaluation of a novel TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection and identification of Rickettsia 364D suitable for ecological and diagnostic applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01106-19
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Molecular Cloning and Characterization of the Ehrlichia chaffeensis Variable-Length PCR Target: an Antigen-Expressing Gene That Exhibits Interstrain Variation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 1999-05), p. 1447-1453
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 1999-05), p. 1447-1453
    Abstract: A clone expressing an immunoreactive protein with an apparent molecular mass of 44 kDa was selected from an Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas genomic library by probing with anti- E. chaffeensis hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame (ORF) capable of encoding a 198-amino-acid polypeptide. The ORF contained four imperfect, direct, tandem 90-bp repeats. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences did not show close homologies to entries in the molecular databases. PCR with primers whose sequences matched the sequences flanking the ORF was performed with DNA samples extracted from cell cultures infected with nine different isolates of E. chaffeensis , blood samples from seven patients with monocytic ehrlichiosis, and Amblyomma americanum ticks collected in four different states. The resulting amplicons varied in length, containing three to six repeat units. This gene, designated the variable-length PCR target, is useful for PCR detection of E. chaffeensis and differentiation of isolates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.5.1447-1453.1999
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Complete Genome Sequence of Rickettsia parkeri Strain Black Gap
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Microbiology Resource Announcements Vol. 10, No. 44 ( 2021-11-04)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Resource Announcements, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 44 ( 2021-11-04)
    Abstract: A unique genotype of Rickettsia parkeri , designated R. parkeri strain Black Gap, has thus far been associated exclusively with the North American tick, Dermacentor parumapertus . The compete genome consists of a single circular chromosome with 1,329,522 bp and a G+C content of 32.5%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2576-098X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/MRA.00623-21
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2968655-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Proteomic Analysis of Rickettsia parkeri Strain Portsmouth
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 77, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 5262-5271
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 77, No. 12 ( 2009-12), p. 5262-5271
    Abstract: Rickettsia parkeri , a recently recognized pathogen of human, is one of several Rickettsia spp. in the United States that causes a spotted fever rickettsiosis. To gain insights into its biology and pathogenesis, we applied the proteomics approach to establish a two-dimensional gel proteome reference map and combined this technique with cell surface biotinylation to identify surface-exposed proteins of a low-passage isolate of R. parkeri obtained from a patient. We identified 91 proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem time of flight mass spectrometry. Of these, 28 were characterized as surface proteins, including virulence-related proteins (e.g., outer membrane protein A [OmpA], OmpB, β-peptide, and RickA). Two-dimensional immunoblotting with serum from the R. parkeri -infected index patient was utilized to identify the immunoreactive proteins as potential targets for diagnosis and vaccine development. In addition to the known rickettsial antigens, OmpA and OmpB, we identified translation initiation factor 2, cell division protein FtsZ, and cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase as immunoreactive proteins. The proteome map with corresponding cell surface protein analysis and antigen detection will facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms of rickettsial pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00911-09
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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