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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dual RNA-Seq Profiling Unveils Mycoparasitic Activities of Trichoderma atroviride against Haploid Armillaria ostoyae in Antagonistic Interaction Assays
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-06-15)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-06-15)
    Abstract: Armillaria ostoyae , a species among the destructive forest pathogens from the genus Armillaria , causes root rot disease on woody plants worldwide. Efficient control measures to limit the growth and impact of this severe underground pathogen are under investigation. In a previous study, a new soilborne fungal isolate, Trichoderma atroviride SZMC 24276 (TA), exhibited high antagonistic efficacy, which suggested that it could be utilized as a biocontrol agent. The dual culture assay results indicated that the haploid A. ostoyae -derivative SZMC 23085 (AO) (C18/9) is highly susceptible to the mycelial invasion of TA. In the present study, we analyzed the transcriptome of AO and that of TA in in vitro dual culture assays to test the molecular arsenal of Trichoderma antagonism and the defense mechanisms of Armillaria . We conducted time-course analysis and functional annotation and analyzed enriched pathways and differentially expressed genes including biocontrol-related candidate genes from TA and defense-related candidate genes from AO. The results indicated that TA deployed several biocontrol mechanisms when confronted with AO. In response, AO initiated multiple defense mechanisms to protect against the fungal attack. To our knowledge, the present study offers the first transcriptome analysis of a biocontrol fungus attacking AO. Overall, this study provides insights that aid the further exploration of plant pathogen-biocontrol agent interaction mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Armillaria species can survive for decades in the soil on dead woody debris, develop rapidly under favorable conditions, and harmfully infect newly planted forests. Our previous study found Trichoderma atroviride to be highly effective in controlling Armillaria growth; therefore, our current work explored the molecular mechanisms that might play a key role in Trichoderma-Armillaria interactions. Direct confrontation assays combined with time course-based dual transcriptome analysis provided a reliable system for uncovering the interactive molecular dynamics between the fungal plant pathogen and its mycoparasitic partner. Furthermore, using a haploid Armillaria isolate allowed us to survey the deadly prey-invading activities of the mycoparasite and the ultimate defensive strategies of its prey. Our current study provides detailed insights into the essential genes and mechanisms involved in Armillaria defense against Trichoderma and the genes potentially involved in the efficiency of Trichoderma to control Armillaria . In addition, using a sensitive haploid Armillaria strain (C18/9), with its complete genome data already available, also offers the opportunity to test possible variable molecular responses of Armillaria ostoyae toward diverse Trichoderma isolates with various biocontrol abilities. Initial molecular tests of the dual interactions may soon help to develop a targeted biocontrol intervention with mycoparasites against plant pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04626-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Six Key Traits of Fungi: Their Evolutionary Origins and Genetic Bases
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2017-08-25)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2017-08-25)
    Abstract: The fungal lineage is one of the three large eukaryotic lineages that dominate terrestrial ecosystems. They share a common ancestor with animals in the eukaryotic supergroup Opisthokonta and have a deeper common ancestry with plants, yet several phenotypes, such as morphological, physiological, or nutritional traits, make them unique among all living organisms. This article provides an overview of some of the most important fungal traits, how they evolve, and what major genes and gene families contribute to their development. The traits highlighted here represent just a sample of the characteristics that have evolved in fungi, including polarized multicellular growth, fruiting body development, dimorphism, secondary metabolism, wood decay, and mycorrhizae. However, a great number of other important traits also underlie the evolution of the taxonomically and phenotypically hyperdiverse fungal kingdom, which could fill up a volume on its own. After reviewing the evolution of these six well-studied traits in fungi, we discuss how the recurrent evolution of phenotypic similarity, that is, convergent evolution in the broad sense, has shaped their phylogenetic distribution in extant species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.FUNK-0036-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evolutionary Morphogenesis of Sexual Fruiting Bodies in Basidiomycota: Toward a New Evo-Devo Synthesis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2022-03-16)
    Details
    In: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 86, No. 1 ( 2022-03-16)
    Abstract: The development of sexual fruiting bodies is one of the most complex morphogenetic processes in fungi. Mycologists have long been fascinated by the morphological and developmental diversity of fruiting bodies; however, evolutionary developmental biology of fungi still lags significantly behind that of animals or plants. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming Basidiomycota, focusing on phylogenetic and developmental biology. Phylogenetic approaches have revealed a complex history of morphological transformations and convergence in fruiting body morphologies. Frequent transformations and convergence is characteristic of fruiting bodies in contrast to animals or plants, where main body plans are highly conserved. At the same time, insights into the genetic bases of fruiting body development have been achieved using forward and reverse genetic approaches in selected model systems. Phylogenetic and developmental studies of fruiting bodies have each yielded major advances, but they have produced largely disjunct bodies of knowledge. An integrative approach, combining phylogenetic, developmental, and functional biology, is needed to achieve a true fungal evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) synthesis for fungal fruiting bodies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-2172 , 1098-5557
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00019-21
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026768-X
    SSG: 12
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