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  • American Society for Microbiology  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Equine Stomachs Harbor an Abundant and Diverse Mucosal Microbiota
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 78, No. 8 ( 2012-04-15), p. 2522-2532
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 78, No. 8 ( 2012-04-15), p. 2522-2532
    Abstract: Little is known about the gastric mucosal microbiota in healthy horses, and its role in gastric disease has not been critically examined. The present study used a combination of 16S rRNA bacterial tag-encoded pyrosequencing (bTEFAP) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to characterize the composition and spatial distribution of selected gastric mucosal microbiota of healthy horses. Biopsy specimens of the squamous, glandular, antral, and any ulcerated mucosa were obtained from 6 healthy horses by gastroscopy and from 3 horses immediately postmortem. Pyrosequencing was performed on biopsy specimens from 6 of the horses and yielded 53,920 reads in total, with 631 to 4,345 reads in each region per horse. The microbiome segregated into two distinct clusters comprised of horses that were stabled, fed hay, and sampled at postmortem (cluster 1) and horses that were pastured on grass, fed hay, and biopsied gastroscopically after a 12-h fast (cluster 2). The types of bacteria obtained from different anatomic regions clustered by horse rather than region. The dominant bacteria in cluster 1 were Firmicutes ( 〉 83% reads/sample), mainly Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp. and, Sarcina spp. Cluster 2 was more diverse, with predominantly Proteobacteria , Bacteroidetes , and Firmicutes , consisting of Actinobacillus spp. Moraxella spp., Prevotella spp., and Porphyromonas spp. Helicobacter sp. sequences were not identified in any of 53,920 reads. FISH ( n = 9) revealed bacteria throughout the stomach in close apposition to the mucosa, with significantly more Streptococcus spp. present in the glandular region of the stomach. The equine stomach harbors an abundant and diverse mucosal microbiota that varies by individual.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.06252-11
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Serodiagnosis of Equine Leptospirosis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Four Recombinant Protein Markers
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 478-483
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 21, No. 4 ( 2014-04), p. 478-483
    Abstract: Leptospirosis, caused by Leptospira spp., is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world. We tested four recombinant proteins of Leptospira interrogans , namely, rLipL21, rLoa22, rLipL32, and rLigACon4-8, to evaluate their potential for use as antigens for the diagnosis of equine leptospirosis. We employed equine sera ( n = 130) that were microscopic agglutination test (MAT) negative and sera ( n = 176) that were MAT positive for the 5 serovars that most commonly cause equine leptospirosis. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA compared to MAT were 82.39% and 86.15%, respectively, for LigACon4-8, 77.84% and 92.31%, respectively, for Loa22, 77.84% and 86.15%, respectively, for LipL32, and 84.66% and 83.85%, respectively, for LipL21. When one of the two antigens was test positive, the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 93.75% and 78.46%, respectively, for rLigACon4-8 and LipL32, 93.18% and 76.15%, respectively, for rLigACon4-8 and LipL21, 89.77% and 80.77%, respectively, for rLigACon4-8 and Loa22, 91.48% and 78.46%, respectively, for LipL21 and Loa22, 93.75% and 76.92%, respectively, for LipL21 and LipL32, and 90.34% and 80.77%, respectively, for Loa22 and LipL32. In conclusion, we have developed an indirect ELISA utilizing rLigACon4-8, rLoa22, rLipL32, and rLipL21 as diagnostic antigens for equine leptospirosis. The use of four antigens in the ELISA was found to be sensitive and specific, the assay was easy to perform, and the results concurred with the results of the standard Leptospira MAT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00649-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clonal groups of Salmonella typhimurium in New York State
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 1989-04), p. 622-627
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 1989-04), p. 622-627
    Abstract: The epidemiology of 278 strains of Salmonella typhimurium isolated from 1973 to 1981 from animals in New York State was studied by using four "fingerprinting" techniques, bacteriophage type (B.R. Callow, J. Hyg. 57:346-359, 1959), biotype (J. P. Duguid, E. S. Anderson, G. A. Alfredsson, R. Barker, and D. C. Old, J. Med. Microbiol. 8:149-166, 1975), plasmid profile, and antibiogram. Phage type with biotype was the most useful marker for distinguishing clonal groups of S. typhimurium. Four clones of S. typhimurium predominated, i.e., phage type/biotypes U275/26, 49/26, 10/3, and 2/3. U275/26 and 49/26 were commonly found until 1976, but clones 10/3 and 2/3 were predominant after 1976. Comparison of results with data from Canada suggested a dissemination of strains of S. typhimurium between Canada and New York. Cattle were a common source of phage type 49, as has been observed in other countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.27.4.622-627.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome Sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 184, No. 16 ( 2002-08-15), p. 4601-4611
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 184, No. 16 ( 2002-08-15), p. 4601-4611
    Abstract: We present the complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis KIM, the etiologic agent of bubonic and pneumonic plague. The strain KIM, biovar Mediaevalis, is associated with the second pandemic, including the Black Death. The 4.6-Mb genome encodes 4,198 open reading frames (ORFs). The origin, terminus, and most genes encoding DNA replication proteins are similar to those of Escherichia coli K-12. The KIM genome sequence was compared with that of Y. pestis CO92, biovar Orientalis, revealing homologous sequences but a remarkable amount of genome rearrangement for strains so closely related. The differences appear to result from multiple inversions of genome segments at insertion sequences, in a manner consistent with present knowledge of replication and recombination. There are few differences attributable to horizontal transfer. The KIM and E. coli K-12 genome proteins were also compared, exposing surprising amounts of locally colinear “backbone,” or synteny, that is not discernible at the nucleotide level. Nearly 54% of KIM ORFs are significantly similar to K-12 proteins, with conserved housekeeping functions. However, a number of E. coli pathways and transport systems and at least one global regulator were not found, reflecting differences in lifestyle between them. In KIM-specific islands, new genes encode candidate pathogenicity proteins, including iron transport systems, putative adhesins, toxins, and fimbriae.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.184.16.4601-4611.2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structural Basis of Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibition by Captopril Stereoisomers
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 60, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 142-150
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 60, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 142-150
    Abstract: β-Lactams are the most successful antibacterials, but their effectiveness is threatened by resistance, most importantly by production of serine- and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). MBLs are of increasing concern because they catalyze the hydrolysis of almost all β-lactam antibiotics, including recent-generation carbapenems. Clinically useful serine-β-lactamase inhibitors have been developed, but such inhibitors are not available for MBLs. l -Captopril, which is used to treat hypertension via angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, has been reported to inhibit MBLs by chelating the active site zinc ions via its thiol(ate). We report systematic studies on B1 MBL inhibition by all four captopril stereoisomers. High-resolution crystal structures of three MBLs (IMP-1, BcII, and VIM-2) in complex with either the l - or d -captopril stereoisomer reveal correlations between the binding mode and inhibition potency. The results will be useful in the design of MBL inhibitors with the breadth of selectivity required for clinical application against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and other organisms causing MBL-mediated resistant infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01335-15
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cell-related sequences in the DNA genome of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1985
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 1985-09), p. 843-848
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 3 ( 1985-09), p. 843-848
    Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) cloned EcoRI fragments R and b hybridized strongly, under standard high-stringency conditions, to uninfected cellular DNA of human, murine, or sea urchin origin. Less hybridization was detected with fragments, A, C, E, WL(F), WN(H), I, M, O, P, Q, V, c, d, and e. Southern blot analysis of the HCMV-related human DNA localized the major sites of hybridization of HCMV EcoRI fragments R, b, and d to defined regions of the 28S rRNA gene.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.55.3.843-848.1985
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ecology and Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes Infecting Ruminants and in the Farm Environment
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2004
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 4458-4467
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 70, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 4458-4467
    Abstract: A case-control study involving 24 case farms with at least one recent case of listeriosis and 28 matched control farms with no listeriosis cases was conducted to probe the transmission and ecology of Listeria monocytogenes on farms. A total of 528 fecal, 516 feed, and 1,012 environmental soil and water samples were cultured for L. monocytogenes . While the overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes in cattle case farms (24.4%) was similar to that in control farms (20.2%), small-ruminant (goat and sheep) farms showed a significantly ( P 〈 0.0001) higher prevalence in case farms (32.9%) than in control farms (5.9%). EcoRI ribotyping of clinical ( n = 17) and farm ( n = 414) isolates differentiated 51 ribotypes. L. monocytogenes ribotypes isolated from clinical cases and fecal samples were more frequent in environmental than in feed samples, indicating that infected animals may contribute to L. monocytogenes dispersal into the farm environment. Ribotype DUP-1038B was significantly ( P 〈 0.05) associated with fecal samples compared with farm environment and animal feedstuff samples. Ribotype DUP-1045A was significantly ( P 〈 0.05) associated with soil compared to feces and with control farms compared to case farms. Our data indicate that (i) the epidemiology and transmission of L. monocytogenes differ between small-ruminant and cattle farms; (ii) cattle contribute to amplification and dispersal of L. monocytogenes into the farm environment, (iii) the bovine farm ecosystem maintains a high prevalence of L. monocytogenes , including subtypes linked to human listeriosis cases and outbreaks, and (iv) L. monocytogenes subtypes may differ in their abilities to infect animals and to survive in farm environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.8.4458-4467.2004
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Evaluating Humoral Immunity against SARS-CoV-2: Validation of a Plaque-Reduction Neutralization Test and a Multilaboratory Comparison of Conventional and Surrogate Neutralization Assays
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2021
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-12-22)
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-12-22)
    Abstract: The evaluation of humoral protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 remains crucial in understanding both natural immunity and protective immunity conferred by the several vaccines implemented in the fight against COVID-19. The reference standard for the quantification of antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 is the plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). However, given that it is a laboratory-developed assay, validation is crucial in order to ensure sufficient specificity and intra- and interassay precision. In addition, a multitude of other serological assays have been developed, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry-based assays, luciferase-based lentiviral pseudotype assays, and commercially available human ACE2 receptor-blocking antibody tests, which offer practical advantages in the evaluation of the protective humoral response against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we validated a SARS-CoV-2 PRNT to assess both 50% and 90% neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 according to guidelines outlined by the World Health Organization. Upon validation, the reference-standard PRNT demonstrated excellent specificity and both intra- and interassay precision. Using the validated assay as a reference standard, we characterized the neutralizing antibody response in specimens from patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Finally, we conducted a small-scale multilaboratory comparison of alternate SARS-CoV-2 PRNTs and surrogate neutralization tests. These assays demonstrated substantial to perfect interrater agreement with the reference-standard PRNT and offer useful alternatives to assess humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, has infected over 246 million people and led to over 5 million deaths as of October 2021. With the approval of several efficacious COVID-19 vaccines, methods to evaluate protective immune responses will be crucial for the understanding of long-term immunity in the rapidly growing vaccinated population. The PRNT, which quantifies SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies, is used widely as a reference standard to validate new platforms but has not undergone substantial validation to ensure excellent inter- and intraassay precision and specificity. Our work is significant, as it describes the thorough validation of a PRNT, which we then used as a reference standard for the comparison of several alternative serological methods to measure SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies. These assays demonstrated excellent agreement with the reference-standard PRNT and include high-throughput platforms, which can greatly enhance capacity to assess both natural and vaccine-induced protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/Spectrum.00886-21
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
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    Ribotype diversity of Listeria monocytogenes strains associated with outbreaks of listeriosis in ruminants
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 34, No. 5 ( 1996-05), p. 1086-1090
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 34, No. 5 ( 1996-05), p. 1086-1090
    Abstract: Ribotyping is a molecular method for the characterization, identification, and typing of bacterial isolates that has value in epidemiological studies. To demonstrate the utility of this technique for typing of Listeria monocytogenes, four outbreaks of epizootic listeriosis in ruminants were investigated through coordinated detection and characterization methods utilizing classical microbiology and nucleic acid-based techniques. L. monocytogenes strains isolated from clinical samples and the silage consumed by the affected animals were ribotyped to establish the causal relationship between feed and the disease outbreak. For all but one outbreak, we were able to isolate L. monocytogenes strains represented by the same ribotype from both clinical and silage samples. Additional L. monocytogenes strains with ribotypes different from those of the respective clinical samples were isolated from all silage samples. This indicates that a diverse population of L. monocytogenes strains exists in farm environments, of which some may be more likely than others to cause disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.5.1086-1090.1996
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Host Pathways Important for Coxiella burnetii Infection Revealed by Genome-Wide RNA Interference Screening
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  mBio Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2013-03)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2013-03)
    Abstract: Q fever in humans is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii . Infection with C. burnetii is marked by its unique ability to replicate within a large vacuolar compartment inside cells that resembles the harsh, acidic environment of a lysosome. Central to its pathogenesis is the delivery of bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytosol by a Dot/Icm type IVB secretion system. These proteins can interact with and manipulate host factors, thereby leading to creation and maintenance of the vacuole that the bacteria grow within. Using high-throughput genome-wide screening in human cells, we identified host factors important for several facets of C. burnetii infection, including vacuole transport and membrane fusion events that promote vacuole expansion. In addition, we show that maturation of the C. burnetii vacuole is necessary for creating an environment permissive for the Dot/Icm delivery of bacterial effector proteins into the host cytosol.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00606-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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