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  • American Society for Microbiology  (10)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 189, No. 9 ( 2007-05), p. 3680-3681
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 189, No. 9 ( 2007-05), p. 3680-3681
    Abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis is an insect pathogen that is widely used as a biopesticide (E. Schnepf, N. Crickmore, J. Van Rie, D. Lereclus, J. Baum, J. Feitelson, D. R. Zeigler, and D. H. Dean, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 775-806, 1998). Here we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of B. thuringiensis Al Hakam, which was collected in Iraq by the United Nations Special Commission (L. Radnedge, P. Agron, K. Hill, P. Jackson, L. Ticknor, P. Keim, and G. Andersen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 2755-2764, 2003).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.00241-07
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 188, No. 9 ( 2006-05), p. 3382-3390
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 188, No. 9 ( 2006-05), p. 3382-3390
    Abstract: Bacillus anthracis , Bacillus cereus , and Bacillus thuringiensis are closely related gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the B. cereus sensu lato group. While independently derived strains of B. anthracis reveal conspicuous sequence homogeneity, environmental isolates of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis exhibit extensive genetic diversity. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the genomes of two members of the B. cereus group, B. thuringiensis 97-27 subsp. konkukian serotype H34, isolated from a necrotic human wound, and B. cereus E33L, which was isolated from a swab of a zebra carcass in Namibia. These two strains, when analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism within a collection of over 300 of B. cereus , B. thuringiensis , and B. anthracis isolates, appear closely related to B. anthracis . The B. cereus E33L isolate appears to be the nearest relative to B. anthracis identified thus far. Whole-genome sequencing of B. thuringiensis 97-27and B. cereus E33L was undertaken to identify shared and unique genes among these isolates in comparison to the genomes of pathogenic strains B. anthracis Ames and B. cereus G9241 and nonpathogenic strains B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Comparison of these genomes revealed differences in terms of virulence, metabolic competence, structural components, and regulatory mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.188.9.3382-3390.2006
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis Isolates Closely Related to Bacillus anthracis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 188, No. 21 ( 2006-11), p. 7711-7711
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 188, No. 21 ( 2006-11), p. 7711-7711
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JB.01430-06
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analyses of Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Fatal Fowl Cholera Infections
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2002-06), p. 2163-2168
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2002-06), p. 2163-2168
    Abstract: Fowl cholera, a disease caused by Pasteurella multocida , continues to be a major problem for the poultry industry. The sources of pathogenic organisms responsible for most sporadic epidemics remain unconfirmed, although attenuated vaccines that retain a low level of virulence have occasionally been implicated in outbreaks of the disease. One of the vaccines most commonly used to prevent fowl cholera is the M-9 strain. In the present study, 61 clinical isolates from turkeys that died of fowl cholera from 1997 to 1999 on 36 Utah farms were analyzed and compared to the M-9 vaccine strain. Genetic analyses of the isolates were done by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting. The results of these genetic analyses were correlated with the vaccination status of the flock, isolate serotype, and geographic location. Although both genetic techniques effectively identified similar subtle genomic differences, RAPD analysis provided only 77% of the detail provided by AFLP analysis. While a relationship between genetic profile and serotype was evident, no significant relationship indicating geographic influence was found ( P = 0.351). Interestingly, organisms isolated from vaccinated flocks were significantly closer genetically to the M-9 vaccine strain than isolates from unvaccinated birds were ( P = 0.020). Statistical analyses revealed that this relationship could not have been determined by serotyping alone ( P = 0.320), demonstrating the value of AFLP and RAPD analyses in the characterization of disease-causing strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2163-2168.2002
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dinitrogenase-Driven Photobiological Hydrogen Production Combats Oxidative Stress in Cyanothece sp. Strain ATCC 51142
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2016
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 82, No. 24 ( 2016-12-15), p. 7227-7235
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 82, No. 24 ( 2016-12-15), p. 7227-7235
    Abstract: Photobiologically synthesized hydrogen (H 2 ) gas is carbon neutral to produce and clean to combust, making it an ideal biofuel. Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142 is a cyanobacterium capable of performing simultaneous oxygenic photosynthesis and H 2 production, a highly perplexing phenomenon because H 2 evolving enzymes are O 2 sensitive. We employed a system-level in vivo chemoproteomic profiling approach to explore the cellular dynamics of protein thiol redox and how thiol redox mediates the function of the dinitrogenase NifHDK, an enzyme complex capable of aerobic hydrogenase activity. We found that NifHDK responds to intracellular redox conditions and may act as an emergency electron valve to prevent harmful reactive oxygen species formation in concert with other cell strategies for maintaining redox homeostasis. These results provide new insight into cellular redox dynamics useful for advancing photolytic bioenergy technology and reveal a new understanding for the biological function of NifHDK. IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate that high levels of hydrogen synthesis can be induced as a protection mechanism against oxidative stress via the dinitrogenase enzyme complex in Cyanothece sp. strain ATCC 51142. This is a previously unknown feature of cyanobacterial dinitrogenase, and we anticipate that it may represent a strategy to exploit cyanobacteria for efficient and scalable hydrogen production. We utilized a chemoproteomic approach to capture the in situ dynamics of reductant partitioning within the cell, revealing proteins and reactive thiols that may be involved in redox sensing and signaling. Additionally, this method is widely applicable across biological systems to achieve a greater understanding of how cells navigate their environment and how redox chemistry can be utilized to alter metabolism and achieve homeostasis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02098-16
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
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  • 6
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    Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Group Organisms in Human and Mouse Joint Tissue by Reverse Transcriptase PCR: Prevalence in Diseased Synovial Tissue Suggests Lack of Specific Association with Rheumatoid Arthritis
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2001-03), p. 1821-1831
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 69, No. 3 ( 2001-03), p. 1821-1831
    Abstract: Infection with mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis , has long been implicated in the etiopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the basis of clinical and pathological similarities between tuberculosis and RA. Despite evidence of immune responses to mycobacterial antigens in RA patient synovial fluid, cross-reactivity between these and host joint antigens, and the presence of M. tuberculosis protein antigen in RA synovial fluid, a definite causal association with RA has not been shown. Previous studies from our laboratory using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) of bacterial rRNAs have shown RA synovium to be colonized by a diverse range of bacteria, most of commensal origin. However, M. tuberculosis group organism (MTG) RNA sequences were found in one RA patient tissue. Since this was considered of sufficient interest to warrant further investigation, we devised a M. tuberculosis -specific nested RT-PCR test which could be used for detection of MTG in a mixed pool of bacterial crDNAs. This test was used to investigate the distribution of MTG in RA synovial tissue and also non-RA arthritis and healthy control tissues and was also used to examine the tissue distribution of MTG in an acute and chronic model of M. tuberculosis infection in the BALB/c mouse. MTG sequences were found in a high proportion of RA patient synovial tissues but also in non-RA arthritis control tissues at lower frequency. This likely reflects trafficking of persistent M. bovis BCG to inflamed joint tissue, irrespective of cause. MTG were not found in healthy synovial tissue or the tissue of patients with undifferentiated arthritis. In both the acute and chronic models of infection in BALB/c mice, M. tuberculosis was also found to have trafficked to joint tissues, however, no signs of inflammation, arthritis, or pathology associated with M. tuberculosis infection was seen. These combined results would argue against a specific causal role of MTG in RA-like arthritis; however, their role as adjuvant in immune dysfunction in an innately susceptible host cannot be excluded.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1821-1831.2001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    ESAT-6/CFP-10 Fusion Protein and Peptides for Optimal Diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by Ex Vivo Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay in The Gambia
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 2005-05), p. 2070-2074
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 43, No. 5 ( 2005-05), p. 2070-2074
    Abstract: Overlapping peptides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10 offer increased specificity over the purified protein derivative skin test when they were used in an ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for gamma interferon detection for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis infection from recent exposure. We assessed whether equivalent results could be obtained for a fusion protein of the two antigens and whether a combined readout would offer increased sensitivity in The Gambia. We studied the ELISPOT assay results for 488 household contacts of 88 sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) cases. The proportions of subjects positive by each test and by the tests combined were assessed across an exposure gradient, defined according to sleeping proximity to a TB case. Eighty-eight (18%) subjects were positive for CFP-10 peptides, 148 (30%) were positive for ESAT-6 peptides, 161 (33%) were positive for both peptides, and 168 (34%) were positive for the fusion protein; 188 (39%) subjects had either a positive result for a peptide or a positive result for the fusion protein. There was reasonable agreement between the peptide and the protein results (kappa statistic = 0.78) and no significant discordance ( P = 0.38). There was a strong correlation between the fusion protein and combined peptide spot counts ( r = 0.9), and responses to the peptide and the proteins all increased significantly according to M. tuberculosis exposure. The proportion of subjects positive for either the pool of peptides or the fusion protein offered maximum sensitivity, being significantly higher than the proportion of subjects positive for ESAT-6 peptides alone ( P = 0.007). A fusion protein of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 is equivalent to overlapping peptides for the diagnosis of latent M. tuberculosis infection. Use of a combination of peptides and fusion protein offers improved sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2070-2074.2005
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
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  • 8
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    Invariant Vα14 Chain NKT Cells Promote Plasmodium berghei Circumsporozoite Protein-Specific Gamma Interferon- and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Producing CD8 + T Cells in the Liver after Poxvirus Vaccination of Mice
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2005
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 849-858
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2005-02), p. 849-858
    Abstract: Understanding the protective mechanism in the liver induced by recombinant vaccines against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria is important for vaccine development. Most studies in mice have focused on splenic and peripheral blood T cells and identified gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8 + T cells as correlates of protection, which can be induced by prime-boost vaccination with recombinant poxviruses. Invariant natural killer T (Vα14 i NKT) cells can also protect against liver stage malaria, when activated, and are abundant in the liver. Since poxviruses have nonspecific immunomodulating effects, which are incompletely understood, we investigated whether recombinant poxviruses affect the protective properties of hepatic Vα14 i NKT cells and thus vaccine efficacy. We show that intradermal vaccination with recombinant poxviruses activated Vα14 i NKT cells and NK cells in the livers of BALB/c mice while inducing IFN-γ- and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-producing pre-erythrocytic stage antigen-specific CD8 + T cells. Greater numbers of hepatic Vα14 i NKT cells secreted interleukin-4 than IFN-γ. Vaccinated Vα14 i NKT-cell-deficient mice had lower, but still protective levels of hepatic and splenic IFN-γ + and TNF-α + CD8 + T cells and better protection rates later after challenge with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Therefore, vaccine-activated hepatic Vα14 i NKT cells help in generating specific T cells but are not required for protection induced by recombinant poxviruses. Furthermore, double-positive INF-γ + /TNF-α + CD8 + T cells were enriched in protected livers, suggesting that cells expressing both of these cytokines may be most relevant for protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.2.849-858.2005
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 9
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    RNA Sequencing of the In Vivo Human Herpesvirus 6B Transcriptome To Identify Targets for Clinical Assays Distinguishing between Latent and Active Infections
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2019-02)
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 93, No. 3 ( 2019-02)
    Abstract: Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) DNA is frequently detected in human samples. Diagnostic assays distinguishing HHV-6B reactivation from latency are limited. This has impaired strategies to diagnose and treat HHV-6B-associated diseases. We used RNA sequencing to characterize and compare the HHV-6B transcriptome in multiple sample types, including (i) whole blood from hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients with and without HHV-6B plasma viremia, (ii) tumor tissue samples from subjects with large B cell lymphoma infected with HHV-6B, (iii) lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from subjects with inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6B or latent infection with HHV-6B, and (iv) HHV-6B Z29 infected SupT1 CD4 + T cells. We demonstrated substantial overlap in the HHV-6B transcriptome observed in in vivo and in vitro samples, although there was variability in the breadth and quantity of gene expression across samples. The HHV-6B viral polymerase gene U38 was the only HHV-6B transcript detected in all next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data sets and was one of the most highly expressed genes. We developed a novel reverse transcription-PCR assay targeting HHV-6B U38, which identified U38 mRNA in all tested whole-blood samples from patients with concurrent HHV-6B viremia. No HHV-6B U38 transcripts were detected by RNA-seq or reverse transcription–real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in whole-blood samples from subjects without HHV-6B plasma detection or from latently infected LCLs. A RT-qPCR assay for HHV-6B U38 may be useful to identify lytic HHV-6B infection in nonplasma samples and samples from individuals with inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6B. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of transcriptomic analyses for HCT recipients. IMPORTANCE Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is a DNA virus that infects most children within the first few years of life. After primary infection, HHV-6B persists as a chronic, latent infection in many cell types. Additionally, HHV-6B can integrate into germ line chromosomes, resulting in individuals with viral DNA in every nucleated cell. Given that PCR to detect viral DNA is the mainstay for diagnosing HHV-6B infection, the characteristics of HHV-6B infection complicate efforts to distinguish between latent and active viral infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients who have frequent HHV-6B reactivation. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to characterize the HHV-6B gene expression profile in multiple sample types, and our findings identified evidence-based targets for diagnostic tests that distinguish between latent and active viral infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01419-18
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 10
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    Heterologous Priming-Boosting Immunization of Cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis 85A Induces Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2003
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2003-12), p. 6906-6914
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 71, No. 12 ( 2003-12), p. 6906-6914
    Abstract: Heterologous priming-boosting vaccination regimens involving priming with plasmid DNA antigen constructs and inoculating (boosting) with the same recombinant antigen expressed in replication-attenuated poxviruses have recently been demonstrated to induce immunity, based on CD4 + - and CD8 + -T-cell responses, against several diseases in both rodents and primates. We show that similar priming-boosting vaccination strategies using the 85A antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are effective in inducing antigen-specific gamma interferon-secreting CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, detected by a bovine enzyme-linked immunospot assay, in Bos indicus cattle. T-cell responses induced by priming with either plasmid DNA or fowlpox virus 85A constructs were enhanced by boosting with modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the same antigen administered intradermally. On the basis of the data, it appears that intradermal priming was more effective than intramuscular delivery of the priming dose for boosting with the modified vaccinia virus Ankara strain in cattle. Using either fowlpox virus or DNA priming, there was a significant bias toward induction of CD4 + - rather than CD8 + -T-cell responses. These data illustrate the general applicability of priming-boosting vaccination strategies for induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses and suggest that the method may be useful for development of veterinary vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.71.12.6906-6914.2003
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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