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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cryptococcosis Serotypes Impact Outcome and Provide Evidence of Cryptococcus neoformans Speciation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  mBio Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2015-07)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 6, No. 3 ( 2015-07)
    Abstract: Cryptococcus neoformans is an environmental fungus causing severe disease, estimated to be responsible for 600,000 deaths per year worldwide. This species is divided into serotypes A and D and an AD hybrid, and these could be considered two different species and an interspecies hybrid. The objectives of our study were to compare population structures of serotype A and serotype D and to assess whether infections with AD hybrids differ from infections with serotype A or D isolates in terms of clinical presentation and outcome. For this purpose, we used clinical data and strains from patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in France. Our results suggest that, according to the serotype, isolates have different routes of multiplication and high genomic differences, confirming the possible speciation of serotypes A and D. Furthermore, we observed a better prognosis for infections caused by AD hybrid than those caused by serotype A or D, at least for those diagnosed in France.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00311-15
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    T-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its recombinant antigens in HIV-infected chimpanzees
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1987
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 61, No. 12 ( 1987-12), p. 3804-3808
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 61, No. 12 ( 1987-12), p. 3804-3808
    Abstract: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from chimpanzees infected for 3 months to more than 3 years with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) had normal T-cell proliferative responses after stimulation with a variety of recall antigens and mitogens, indicating that HIV infection does not cause detectable immunological impairment in chimpanzees. This finding contrasts with that obtained in HIV-infected humans, who often have impaired T-cell reactivity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from most HIV-infected chimpanzees that were studied also had strong proliferative responses to purified HIV as well as to HIV envelope glycoproteins isolated from the virus, to recombinant HIV envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41, and to HIV gag protein p24. The HIV-specific T-cell responses in HIV-infected chimpanzees may contribute to prevention of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in this species.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jvi.61.12.3804-3808.1987
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    West Nile Virus T-Cell Ligand Sequences Shared with Other Flaviviruses: a Multitude of Variant Sequences as Potential Altered Peptide Ligands
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 86, No. 14 ( 2012-07-15), p. 7616-7624
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 86, No. 14 ( 2012-07-15), p. 7616-7624
    Abstract: Phylogenetic relatedness and cocirculation of several major human pathogen flaviviruses are recognized as a possible cause of deleterious immune responses to mixed infection or immunization and call for a greater understanding of the inter- Flavivirus protein homologies. This study focused on the identification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted West Nile virus (WNV) T-cell ligands and characterization of their distribution in reported sequence data of WNV and other flaviviruses. H-2-deficient mice transgenic for either A2, A24, B7, DR2, DR3, or DR4 HLA alleles were immunized with overlapping peptides of the WNV proteome, and peptide-specific T-cell activation was measured by gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assays. Approximately 30% (137) of the WNV proteome peptides were identified as HLA-restricted T-cell ligands. The majority of these ligands were conserved in ∼≥88% of analyzed WNV sequences. Notably, only 51 were WNV specific, and the remaining 86, chiefly of E, NS3, and NS5, shared an identity of nine or more consecutive amino acids with sequences of 64 other flaviviruses, including several major human pathogens. Many of the shared ligands had an incidence of 〉 50% in the analyzed sequences of one or more of six major flaviviruses. The multitude of WNV sequences shared with other flaviviruses as interspecies variants highlights the possible hazard of defective T-cell activation by altered peptide ligands in the event of dual exposure to WNV and other flaviviruses, by either infection or immunization. The data suggest the possible preferred use of sequences that are pathogen specific with minimum interspecies sequence homology for the design of Flavivirus vaccines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00166-12
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In vitro activities of cefoperazone and sulbactam singly and in combination against cefoperazone-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1990
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 34, No. 11 ( 1990-11), p. 2256-2259
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 34, No. 11 ( 1990-11), p. 2256-2259
    Abstract: Among 28,000 isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters isolated at multiple medical centers, 1,084 (4%) were resistant to cefoperazone (MIC, greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml) and 1,711 (6%) exhibited cefoperazone MICs of 2 to 32 micrograms/ml. Ninety-six percent of these 2,795 isolates produced beta-lactamase, as determined by the nitrocefin test. Sulbactam alone (8 micrograms/ml) was inactive against 99.6% of the isolates other than Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas cepacia. Sulbactam enhanced the activity of cefoperazone against 56% of the isolates of the family Enterobacteriaceae and 44% of the nonfermenters. In the presence of sulbactam concentrations of less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml, 65% of the cefoperazone-resistant isolates had reductions in cefoperazone MICs of greater than or equal to 2 log2 dilution steps and were susceptible to less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. Antagonism was not observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.34.11.2256
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of tgh-2 , a Filarial Nematode Homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans daf-7 and Human Transforming Growth Factor β, Expressed in Microfilarial and Adult Stages of Brugia malayi
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000-11), p. 6402-6410
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000-11), p. 6402-6410
    Abstract: A novel member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family has been identified in the filarial nematode parasite Brugia malayi by searching the recently developed Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database produced by the Filarial Genome Project. Designated tgh-2 , this new gene shows most similarity to a key product regulating dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans (DAF-7) and to the human down-modulatory cytokine TGF-β. Homology to DAF-7 extends throughout the length of the 349-amino-acid (aa) protein, which is divided into an N-terminal 237 aa, including a putative signal sequence, a 4-aa basic cleavage site, and a 108-aa C-terminal active domain. Similarity to human TGF-β is restricted to the C-terminal domain, over which there is a 32% identity between TGH-2 and TGF-β1, including every cysteine residue. Expression of tgh-2 mRNA has been measured over the filarial life cycle. It is maximal in the microfilarial stage, with lower levels of activity around the time of molting within the mammal, but continues to be expressed by mature adult male and female parasites. Expression in both the microfilaria, which is in a state of arrested development, and the adult, which is terminally differentiated, indicates that tgh-2 may play a role other than purely developmental. This is consistent with our observation that TGH-2 is secreted by adult worms in vitro. Recombinant TGH-2 expressed in baculovirus shows a low level of binding to TGF-β-receptor bearing mink lung epithelial cells (MELCs), which is partially inhibited (16 to 39%) with human TGF-β, and activates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 transcription in MELCs, a marker for TGF-β-mediated transduction. Further tests will be required to establish whether the major role of B. malayi TGH-2 (Bm-TGH-2) is to modulate the host immune response via the TGF-β pathway.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.11.6402-6410.2000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of tgh-2, a Filarial Nematode Homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans daf-7 and Human Transforming Growth Factor β, Expressed in Microfilarial and Adult Stages of Brugia malayi
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000), p. 6402-6410
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000), p. 6402-6410
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1098-5522 , 0019-9567
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/.68.11.6402-6410.2000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immunological markers of disease progression in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1997
    In:  Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 1997-07), p. 474-477
    Details
    In: Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 4, No. 4 ( 1997-07), p. 474-477
    Abstract: Identification of inexpensive and technically simple immunological tests useful in predicting the progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients would be especially welcome in developing countries, in which 80% of HIV-infected patients reside and health budgets are low. In the current study, we evaluated CD4+ and total lymphocyte counts and the concentrations in serum of beta 2-microglobulin, p24 antigen, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) as predictors of disease progression in 74 Panamanian HIV-positive patients and 50 HIV-negative healthy individuals. Total lymphocyte and CD4(+)-cell counts for AIDS patients (1,451 +/- 811 cells/microliters, P 〈 0.001, and 238 +/- 392 cells/microliters, P 〈 0.0001, respectively and asymptomatic patients (2,393 +/- 664 cells/microliters, P 〉 0.05, and 784 +/- 475 cells/microliters, P 〈 0.001, respectively) were lower than those observed for healthy subjects (2,596 +/- 631 cells/microliters and 1,120 +/- 296 cells/microliters, respectively). The levels of beta 2-microglobulin and IgA in serum were significantly elevated in patients with AIDS (5.7 +/- 3.6mg/liter, P 〈 0.001, and 541 +/- 265 mg/dl, P 〈 0.0002, respectively) and asymptomatic infected subjects (3.4 +/- 2.1 mg/liter, P = 0.001, and 436 +/- 216 mg/dl, P 〈 0.0001, respectively) compared with the levels in healthy subjects (2.2 +/- 0.7 mg/liter and 204 +/- 113 mg/dl, respectively). Nonstatistically significant differences (P 〉 0.05) for concentrations of p24 antigen between asymptomatic infected patients (29 +/- 13 pg/ml) and AIDS patients (40 +/- 23 pg/ml) were observed. Total lymphocyte counts of 1,750 cells/microliters or less, CD4 counts of 200 cells/microliters or less, beta 2-microglobulin concentrations in serum of 4 mg/liter or higher, concentrations of IgA in serum of 450 mg/dl or higher, and the presence in serum of p24 antigen were correlated with elevated risks for developing AIDS. Monitoring both total lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin identified 91% of the AIDS patients; these assays may allow reductions in the annual number of CD4(+)-cell evaluations and the costs associated with monitoring both total lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin identified 91% of the AIDS patients; these assays may allow reductions in the annual number of CD4(+)-cell evaluations and the costs associated with monitoring the immune status of HIV-positive patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1071-412X , 1098-6588
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interleukin-6 Deficiency Influences Cytokine Expression in Susceptible BALB Mice Infected with Leishmania major but Does Not Alter the Outcome of Disease
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2001
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 69, No. 8 ( 2001-08), p. 5189-5192
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 69, No. 8 ( 2001-08), p. 5189-5192
    Abstract: Since interleukin-6 (IL-6) may promote Th2 responses, we infected BALB IL-6-deficient (IL-6 −/− ) mice with Leishmania major . There was not a significant difference between the courses of infection (lesion size and parasite burden) in IL-6 −/− and wild-type mice, but IL-6 −/− mice expressed lower levels of Th2- and Th1-associated cytokines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.8.5189-5192.2001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thymic Dendritic Cells Are Primary Targets for the Oncogenic Virus SL3-3
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 72, No. 12 ( 1998-12), p. 10118-10125
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 72, No. 12 ( 1998-12), p. 10118-10125
    Abstract: The murine retrovirus SL3-3 causes malignant transformation of thymocytes and thymic lymphoma in mice of the AKR and NFS strains when they are inoculated neonatally. The objective of the present study was to identify the primary target cells for the virus in the thymuses of these mice. Immunohistochemical studies of the thymus after neonatal inoculation of the SL3-3 virus showed that cells expressing the viral envelope glycoprotein (gp70 + cells) were first seen at 2 weeks of age. These virus-expressing cells were found in the cortex and at the corticomedullary junction in both mouse strains. The gp70 + cells had the morphology and immunophenotype of dendritic cells. They lacked macrophage-specific antigens. Cell separation studies showed that bright gp70 + cells were detected in a fraction enriched for dendritic cells. At 3 weeks of age, macrophages also expressed gp70. At that time, both gp70 + dendritic cells and macrophages were found at the corticomedullary junction and in foci in the thymic cortex. At no time during this 3-week period was the virus expressed in cortical and medullary epithelial cells or in thymic lymphoid cells. Infectious cell center assays indicated that cells expressing infectious virus were present in small numbers at 2 weeks after inoculation but increased at 5 weeks of age by several orders of magnitude, indicating virus spread to the thymic lymphoid cells. Thus, at 2 weeks after neonatal inoculation of SL3-3, thymic dendritic cells are the first cells to express the virus. At 3 weeks of age, macrophages also express the virus. In subsequent weeks, the virus spreads to the thymocytes. This pathway of virus expression in the thymus allows the inevitable provirus integration in a thymocyte that results in a clonal lymphoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.12.10118-10125.1998
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxins Cleave α- and β-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2000-04), p. 2366-2368
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 4 ( 2000-04), p. 2366-2368
    Abstract: The staphylococcal exfoliative toxins (ETs) A and B (ETA and ETB) are 27-kDa exotoxins produced by certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus and are the causative agents of staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. The crystal structures of the ETs strongly indicate that the proteins are members of the serine protease family of enzymes, although protease activity until now has not yet been conclusively demonstrated. Here, we show that the peptide β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (β-MSH) is cleaved by ETA and that both ETA and ETB are capable of cleaving α-MSH. Both toxins exhibit cleavage at specific glutamic acid residues in MSH peptides. Moreover, biologically inactive mutants of ETA were incapable of cleaving β-MSH.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.4.2366-2368.2000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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