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  • American Society for Microbiology  (12)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime Have Similar Effects on the Intestinal Microbiota in Human Volunteers Treated by Standard-Dose Regimens
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 2019-06)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 2019-06)
    Abstract: Ceftriaxone has a higher biliary elimination than cefotaxime (40% versus 10%), which may result in a more pronounced impact on the intestinal microbiota. We performed a monocenter, randomized open-label clinical trial in 22 healthy volunteers treated by intravenous ceftriaxone (1 g/24 h) or cefotaxime (1 g/8 h) for 3 days. We collected fecal samples for phenotypic analyses, 16S rRNA gene profiling, and measurement of the antibiotic concentration and compared the groups for the evolution of microbial counts and indices of bacterial diversity over time. Plasma samples were drawn at day 3 for pharmacokinetic analysis. The emergence of 3rd-generation-cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative enteric bacilli ( Enterobacterales ), Enterococcus spp., or noncommensal microorganisms was not significantly different between the groups. Both antibiotics reduced the counts of total Gram-negative enteric bacilli and decreased the bacterial diversity, but the differences between the groups were not significant. All but one volunteer from each group exhibited undetectable levels of antibiotic in feces. Plasma pharmacokinetic endpoints were not correlated to alteration of the bacterial diversity of the gut. Both antibiotics markedly impacted the intestinal microbiota, but no significant differences were detected when standard clinical doses were administered for 3 days. This might be related to the similar daily amounts of antibiotics excreted through the bile using a clinical regimen. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02659033.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02244-18
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 63, No. 10 ( 2019-10)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 63, No. 10 ( 2019-10)
    Abstract: Although the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples collected frequently during treatment and up to one month after from 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin ( n  = 14) or no intervention ( n  = 8). Moxifloxacin concentrations were measured in both plasma and feces, and bacterial diversity was determined in feces by 16S rRNA gene profiling and quantified using the Shannon index and number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to relate drug pharmacokinetics and bacterial diversity over time. Moxifloxacin reduced bacterial diversity in a concentration-dependent manner, with a median maximal loss of 27.5% of the Shannon index (minimum [min], 17.5; maximum [max] , 27.7) and 47.4% of the number of OTUs (min, 30.4; max, 48.3). As a consequence of both the long fecal half-life of moxifloxacin and the susceptibility of the gut microbiota to moxifloxacin, bacterial diversity indices did not return to their pretreatment levels until days 16 and 21, respectively. Finally, the model characterized the effect of moxifloxacin on bacterial diversity biomarkers and provides a novel framework for analyzing antibiotic effects on the intestinal microbiome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00820-19
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Clinical Study Provides the First Direct Evidence That Interindividual Variations in Fecal β-Lactamase Activity Affect the Gut Mycobiota Dynamics in Response to β-Lactam Antibiotics
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  mBio Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-12-20)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-12-20)
    Abstract: Antibiotics disturb the intestinal bacterial microbiota, leading to gut dysbiosis and an increased risk for the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens. It is not fully understood to what extent antibiotics affect the fungal fraction of the intestinal microbiota, the mycobiota. There is no report of the direct role of antibiotics in the overgrowth in healthy humans of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans . Here, we have explored the gut mycobiota of 22 healthy subjects before, during, and up to 6 months after a 3-day regimen of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs). Using ITS1-targeted metagenomics, we highlighted the strong intra- and interindividual diversity of the healthy gut mycobiota. With a specific quantitative approach, we showed that C. albicans prevalence was much higher than previously reported, with all subjects but one being carriers of C. albicans , although with highly variable burdens. 3GCs significantly altered the mycobiota composition and the fungal load was increased both at short and long term. Both C. albicans relative and absolute abundances were increased but 3GCs did not reduce intersubject variability. Variations in C. albicans burden in response to 3GC treatment could be partly explained by changes in the levels of endogenous fecal β-lactamase activity, with subjects characterized by a high increase of β-lactamase activity displaying a lower increase of C. albicans levels. A same antibiotic treatment might thus affect differentially the gut mycobiota and C. albicans carriage, depending on the treated subject, suggesting a need to adjust the current risk factors for C. albicans overgrowth after a β-lactam treatment. IMPORTANCE Fungal infections are redoubtable healthcare-associated complications in immunocompromised patients. Particularly, the commensal intestinal yeast Candida albicans causes invasive infections in intensive care patients and is, therefore, associated with high mortality. These infections are preceded by an intestinal expansion of C. albicans before its translocation into the bloodstream. Antibiotics are a well-known risk factor for C. albicans overgrowth but the impact of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis on the human gut mycobiota—the fungal microbiota—and the understanding of the mechanisms involved in C. albicans overgrowth in humans are very limited. Our study shows that antibiotics increase the fungal proportion in the gut and disturb the fungal composition, especially C. albicans , in a subject-dependent manner. Indeed, variations across subjects in C. albicans burden in response to β-lactam treatment could be partly explained by changes in the levels of endogenous fecal β-lactamase activity. This highlighted a potential new key factor for C. albicans overgrowth. Thus, the significance of our research is in providing a better understanding of the factors behind C. albicans intestinal overgrowth, which might lead to new means to prevent life-threatening secondary infections.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02880-22
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Empirical Treatment in Acute Bacterial Meningitis: a Plea for High Doses of Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 67, No. 4 ( 2023-04-18)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 4 ( 2023-04-18)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aac.00012-23
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efavirenz-Induced Decrease in Plasma Amprenavir Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients and Correction by Ritonavir
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 2593-2593
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 44, No. 9 ( 2000-09), p. 2593-2593
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.44.9.2593-2593.2000
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic and Antigenic Typing of Seasonal Influenza Virus Breakthrough Cases from a 2008-2009 Vaccine Efficacy Trial
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Clinical and Vaccine Immunology Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 271-279
    Details
    In: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 21, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 271-279
    Abstract: Estimations of the effectiveness of vaccines against seasonal influenza virus are guided by comparisons of the antigenicities between influenza virus isolates from clinical breakthrough cases with strains included in a vaccine. This study examined whether the prediction of antigenicity using a sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene-encoded HA1 domain is a simpler alternative to using the conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, which requires influenza virus culturing. Specimens were taken from breakthrough cases that occurred in a trivalent influenza virus vaccine efficacy trial involving 〉 43,000 participants during the 2008-2009 season. A total of 498 influenza viruses were successfully subtyped as A(H3N2) (380 viruses), A(H1N1) (29 viruses), B(Yamagata) (23 viruses), and B(Victoria) (66 viruses) from 603 PCR- or culture-confirmed specimens. Unlike the B strains, most A(H3N2) (377 viruses) and all A(H1N1) viruses were classified as homologous to the respective vaccine strains based on their HA1 domain nucleic acid sequence. HI titers relative to the respective vaccine strains and PCR subtyping were determined for 48% (182/380) of A(H3N2) and 86% (25/29) of A(H1N1) viruses. Eighty-four percent of the A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses classified as homologous by sequence were matched to the respective vaccine strains by HI testing. However, these homologous A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses displayed a wide range of relative HI titers. Therefore, although PCR is a sensitive diagnostic method for confirming influenza virus cases, HA1 sequence analysis appeared to be of limited value in accurately predicting antigenicity; hence, it may be inappropriate to classify clinical specimens as homologous or heterologous to the vaccine strain for estimating vaccine efficacy in a prospective clinical trial.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1556-6811 , 1556-679X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00544-13
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496863-0
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adherence Profiles and Therapeutic Responses of Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Patients Starting Boosted Atazanavir-Based Therapy in the ANRS 134-COPHAR 3 Trial
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 2265-2271
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 2265-2271
    Abstract: The adherence profile of HIV-infected patients predicts the therapeutic outcome, in particular during the early phase of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We conducted a prospective observational multicenter trial monitoring adherence and virological and immunological parameters over the initial 6 months of treatment. Thirty-five subjects were starting a treatment regimen including atazanavir, ritonavir, and emtricitabine-tenofovir. Adherence was assessed using self-completed questionnaires, announced pill counts, and the medication event monitoring system (MEMS) for each drug. Three MEMS measures were defined: the percentages of doses taken, days with the correct dosing, and doses taken on time (±3 h). Dynamic virological suppression (DVS) was defined as a reduction in the plasma HIV-RNA level of 〉 1 log 10 per month or 〈 40 copies/ml. The cumulative treatment time was 5,526 days. A high level of adherence was observed. The MEMS-defined adherence for correct dosing (−0.68% per 4-week period, P 〈 0.03) and timing compliance (−1.60% per 4-week period, P 〈 0.003) decreased significantly over time. The MEMS-defined adherence data were concordant with the pill counts during the trial but not with the data from the questionnaires. The median [range] percentages of doses taken (100% [50 to 102] ), days with the correct dosing (95% [41 to 100]), and doses taken on time (86% [32 to 100] ) were significantly associated with DVS in separate models. Among these three measures, the percentage of doses taken on time had the greatest ability to predict DVS. Timing compliance should be supported to optimize DVS during the early phase of treatment by once-daily boosted protease inhibitor-based ART. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT00528060.)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02605-12
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of Treatment against Hepatitis C Virus on Overall Survival of Naive Patients with Advanced Liver Disease
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2015
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 59, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 803-810
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 59, No. 2 ( 2015-02), p. 803-810
    Abstract: The beneficial effect of achieving a sustained virological response (SVR) after antiviral treatment against hepatitis C virus is well established. However, it remains unclear whether unsuccessful treatment (non-SVR) also improves patient survival, especially in patients with advanced liver fibrosis. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of death or liver transplantation in the 427 naive patients with a Child-Pugh score of A and advanced fibrosis newly admitted to the Hospital Beaujon between 2000 and 2010. Patients were followed for a median time of 5.5 years. The baseline characteristics of untreated ( n = 102) and treated ( n = 325) patients were largely similar, and there was no evidence of a bias of indication. Treated patients received a combination of interferon and ribavirin and had an SVR rate of 32%. The incidence of death or liver transplantation per 100 person-years was 1.00, 3.20, and 5.44 in SVR, non-SVR, and untreated patients, respectively. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, the risk of death or liver transplantation was significantly lower in SVR than in non-SVR patients and in non-SVR than in untreated patients (hazard ratios, 0.35 and 0.51, respectively; P = 0.019 and 0.038, respectively). The effect of treatment in non-SVR patients was higher in patients who had a virological or a biochemical response than in those who did not have a virological or a biochemical response. The risk of death or liver transplantation was significantly lower in treated than in untreated patients. Moreover, there was a gradient of mortality between patients with SVRs, virological or biochemical responders, and untreated patients, suggesting that treatment, even in the absence of viral eradication, has a beneficial effect on survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.04027-14
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predominant Role of Host Proteases in Myocardial Damage Associated with Infectious Endocarditis Induced by Enterococcus faecalis in a Rat Model
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 81, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 1721-1729
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 5 ( 2013-05), p. 1721-1729
    Abstract: Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a life-threatening infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality. The objectives of the present study are to assess the host proteolytic activities of the vegetations and their cytotoxic potential in a rat model of experimental IE. Rats were infected with a strain of Enterococcus faecalis of particularly low virulence and weak protease expression. We tested the presence of proteases released by infiltrated leukocytes (matrix metalloproteinases and elastase) or produced in situ within the septic vegetation, such as those linked to the fibrinolytic system (plasmin and plasminogen activators). We also assessed the tissue damage induced by the infective thrombus in vitro and ex vivo . The model of IE was characterized by larger and more extensive vegetations in infected than in nonseptic rats and by an intense neutrophil infiltrate interfacing with the injured underlying tissue. Neutrophil extracellular DNA was shown to trap bacteria and to produce increased levels of cell-free DNA in plasma. Matrix metalloproteinase-9, elastase, and plasminogen activators were increased in septic versus nonseptic vegetations (as shown by zymography and immunohistology). Finally, proteolysis of the extracellular matrix and apoptosis were shown to be associated with host proteases. Bacteria exhibited no detectable proteolytic activity or direct cytotoxic effects. Bacterial membranes/dead bacteria were sufficient to induce leukocyte recruitment and activation that could promote vegetation formation and growth. Our results suggest that, despite the lack of bacterial proteases, the continuous attractant signals coming from bacterial colonies may lead to a chronic and deleterious aggression toward myocardial/valvular tissues by host proteases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00775-12
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Amprenavir Inhibitory Quotient and Virological Response in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients on an Amprenavir-Containing Salvage Regimen without or with Ritonavir
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2002-02), p. 570-574
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 46, No. 2 ( 2002-02), p. 570-574
    Abstract: The efficacy of an amprenavir (APV)-containing therapy without (group A) or with (group B) ritonavir was assessed in patients with failure of previous protease inhibitor therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The mean minimal plasma APV concentrations in groups A and B were 58 and 1,320 ng/ml, respectively, corresponding to APV inhibitory quotients of 0.2 (range, 0.03 to 0.70) and 7.0 (range, 1.4 to 145), respectively. At week 24, 2 of 8 and 13 of 14 patients in groups A and B, respectively, had 〈 200 HIV RNA copies/ml of plasma, including 4 of 5 patients infected with APV-resistant viruses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.46.2.570-574.2002
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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