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  • American Society for Microbiology  (42)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multicenter Comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for the Diagnosis of Rectal and Oropharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 60, No. 1 ( 2022-01-19)
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 60, No. 1 ( 2022-01-19)
    Abstract: Research using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) have repeatedly found rectal and oropharyngeal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to be common and potentially more difficult to treat than genital infections. Unfortunately, public health and patient care efforts have been hampered by the lack of FDA-cleared NAATs with claims for anorectal or oropharyngeal samples. At the time of the initiation of this study, no commercially available assays had these claims. We formed a novel partnership among academic institutions and diagnostic manufacturers to address this public health need. From May 2018 through August 2019, we recruited 1108 women, 1256 men, and 26 transgender persons each of whom provided 3 anal and 3 oropharyngeal swab specimens. The 3 anal swabs were pooled into a single transport tube as were the 3 oropharyngeal swabs. The performance of each of three study assays was estimated by comparison to the composite result and relative to one another. Percent positivity for chlamydia was 5.9 and 1.2% from anal and oropharyngeal specimens, respectively, compared to 4.2 and 4.1% for gonorrhea. Sensitivity for chlamydia detection ranged from 81.0 to 95.1% and 82.8 to 100% for anal and oropharyngeal specimens, respectively. Gonorrhea sensitivity ranged from 85.9 to 99.0% and 74.0 to 100% for anal and oropharyngeal samples, respectively. Specificity estimates were ≥ 98.9% for all assays, organisms, and sample types. Although there was heterogeneity between sensitivity estimates, these assays offer better ability to detect extragenital infections than culture and potential solutions for providing appropriate sexual health care for populations in which these infections are of concern.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01363-21
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in California: risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1995
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 33, No. 9 ( 1995-09), p. 2445-2450
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 33, No. 9 ( 1995-09), p. 2445-2450
    Abstract: The isolation of Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease, from the blood of naturally infected domestic cats and the demonstration that cats remain bacteremic for several months suggest that cats play a major role as a reservoir for this bacterium. A convenience sample of 205 cats from northern California was selected between 1992 and 1994 to evaluate the B. henselae antibody and bacteremia prevalences and to determine the risk factors and associations between bacteremia and antibody titers. B. henselae was isolated from the blood of 81 cats (39.5%). Forty-two (52%) of these bacteremic cats were found to be infected with 〉 or = 1,000 CFU/ml of blood. Impounded or former stray cats were 2.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94, 4.22) times more likely to be bacteremic than the pet cats. Young cats ( 〈 1 year old) were more likely than adult cats to be bacteremic (relative risk = 1.64; (95% CI = 1.19, 2.28). Bacteremic cats were more likely than nonbacteremic cats to be infested with fleas (relative risk = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.96). No association between B. henselae infection and feline immunodeficiency virus antibody prevalence was observed. Eighty-one percent of the cats (166 of 205) tested positive for B. henselae antibodies, and titers were higher in bacteremic than in nonbacteremic cats. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age and seropositivity for B. henselae antibodies were associated with bacteremia. Serological screening for Bartonella antibodies may not be useful for the identification of bacteremic cats (positive predictive value = 46.4%), but the lack of antibodies to B. henselae was highly predictive of the absence of bacteremia (negative predictive value = 89.7%). Seronegative cats may be more appropriate pets for immunocompromised individuals who are at increased risk for developing severe B. henselae disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.9.2445-2450.1995
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1995
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Experimental transmission of Bartonella henselae by the cat flea
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1996
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 34, No. 8 ( 1996-08), p. 1952-1956
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 34, No. 8 ( 1996-08), p. 1952-1956
    Abstract: Bartonella henselae is an emerging bacterial pathogen, causing cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis. Cats bacteremic with B. henselae constitute a large reservoir from which humans become infected. Prevention of human infection depends on elucidation of the natural history and means of feline infection. We studied 47 cattery cats in a private home for 12 months to determine the longitudinal prevalence of B. henselae bacteremia, the prevalence of B. henselae in the fleas infesting these cats, and whether B. henselae is transmitted experimentally to cats via fleas. Vector-mediated transmission of B.henselae isolates was evaluated by removing fleas from the naturally bacteremic, flea-infested cattery cats and transferring these fleas to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) kittens housed in a controlled, arthropod-free University Animal Facility. B. henselae bacteremia was detected in 89% of the 47 naturally infected cattery cats. A total of 132 fleas were removed from cats whose blood was simultaneously cultured during different seasons and were tested individually for the presence of B. henselae DNA by PCR. B. henselae DNA was detected in 34% of 132 fleas, with seasonal variation, but without an association between the presence or the level of bacteremia in the corresponding cat. Cat fleas removed from bacteremic cattery cats transmitted B. henselae to five SPF kittens in two separate experiments; however, control SPF kittens housed with highly bacteremic kittens in the absence of fleas did not become infected. These data demonstrate that the cat flea readily transmits B. henselae to cats. Control of feline infestation with this arthropod vector may provide an important strategy for the prevention of infection of both humans and cats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.8.1952-1956.1996
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Evolution of Daptomycin Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Involves Mutations of the Essential Two-Component Regulator WalKR
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2019-03)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 63, No. 3 ( 2019-03)
    Abstract: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent one of the major causes of health care- and medical device-associated infections. Emerging antimicrobial resistance has complicated the treatment of systemic infections caused by CoNS. Here, we describe the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in clinical CoNS strains from a tertiary care hospital over a 4-year period, and we observed a significant increase in resistance to daptomycin. Notably, Staphylococcus capitis accounted for the majority of these daptomycin-resistant (DAP-R) CoNS. To further investigate the mechanisms of daptomycin resistance in CoNS, daptomycin-susceptible clinical strains of S. capitis and Staphylococcus epidermidis underwent in vitro daptomycin exposure to generate DAP-R CoNS mutants. Unlike that seen with Staphylococcus aureus , alteration of cell surface charge was not observed in the DAP-R CoNS strains, but biofilm formation was compromised. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of the DAP-R CoNS strains identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in walKR , the essential two-component regulatory system controlling cell wall biogenesis. PCR and sequencing of walK and walR from 17 DAP-R CoNS clinical isolates identified seven nonsynonymous mutations. The results were confirmed by the recreation of the walK SNP in S. epidermidis , which resulted in reduced susceptibility to daptomycin and vancomycin. This study highlights the significance of CoNS in evolving daptomycin resistance and showed that walKR is shared among the staphylococcal species and is involved in antibiotic resistance development. Notably, we did not observe mutations in genes responsible for phospholipid biosynthesis or an altered cell surface charge, suggesting that reduced daptomycin susceptibility in CoNS may emerge in a fashion distinct from that in S. aureus .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01926-18
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface properties of autoagglutinating mesophilic aeromonads
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1988
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 1988-10), p. 2658-2665
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 1988-10), p. 2658-2665
    Abstract: The surface characteristics of 24 autoagglutinating (AA+) mesophilic aeromonads were investigated. One group of 16 was found to be highly related serologically by their reactive pattern against O antisera generated against three reference strains. Subsequent characterization of 11 of these isolates (group 1) indicated that they had the following properties in common: precipitation after boiling (PAB+), membership of serogroup O:11 (typing scheme of Sakazaki and Shimada), resistance to lysis by bacteriophage Aeh1, and possession of a surface layer (S layer) as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Strains not exhibiting the same serologic reactivity pattern belonged to diverse serogroups (other than O:11), were generally susceptible to lysis by Aeh1, and were S layer negative by transmission electron microscopy (group 2). Analysis of selected isolates representing both groups indicated that group 2 strains were usually more hydrophobic than group 1 isolates in several different assays; both groups, however, possessed high surface charge as determined by binding to DEAE-cellulose. Group 1 isolates were more virulent than group 2 strains tested as determined by lower 50% lethal doses for mice. On the basis of the results of the kinetics of autoagglutination in broth, relative surface hydrophobicity, uptake of Congo red, agglutination of yeast cells, and electrophoretic protein profiles of whole-cell extracts, the surface layer associated with O:11 mesophilic aeromonads appears to be distinct from that of Aeromonas salmonicida. The results suggest that a new pathogenic group of mesophilic aeromonads linked through a common AA phenotype, serogroup, and S layer cause serious infections in both humans and animals (fish).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.56.10.2658-2665.1988
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1988
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Bactericidal effects of ticarcillin-clavulanic acid against Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in immunocompromised weanling rats
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1991
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 35, No. 7 ( 1991-07), p. 1423-1429
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 35, No. 7 ( 1991-07), p. 1423-1429
    Abstract: A model of acute Legionella pneumophila pneumonia in neutropenic weanling rats was developed as a means of assessing the efficacies in vivo of the beta-lactams ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and clavulanic acid, agents active against the organism in vitro. Weanling rats were dosed with cyclophosphamide 3 days before and immediately prior to infection by intrabronchial intubation with L. pneumophila. The bacteria persisted in the lungs of untreated animals at high counts (5.0 to 7.0 log10 CFU/g of lung tissue) for up to 168 h after infection, and the histological characteristics of the infection were similar to those of the disease in humans. Transmission electron micrography revealed the presence of L. pneumophila multiplying within alveolar macrophages. Therapy with ticarcillin was ineffective in reducing the bacterial numbers in the lung tissue, whereas ticarcillin-clavulanic acid and clavulanic acid were active, producing bactericidal effects similar to those of erythromycin. The ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination was significantly more efficacious (P less than 0.01) than corresponding doses of clavulanic acid alone. Synergistic activity between ticarcillin and clavulanic acid against L. pneumophila has been demonstrated in vivo, and the combination showed activity similar to that of erythromycin.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.35.7.1423
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1991
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    An HLA-A2-Restricted T-Cell Epitope Mapped to the BNLF2a Immune Evasion Protein of Epstein-Barr Virus That Inhibits TAP
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Virology Vol. 83, No. 6 ( 2009-03-15), p. 2783-2788
    Details
    In: Journal of Virology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 83, No. 6 ( 2009-03-15), p. 2783-2788
    Abstract: The early lytic cycle protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BNLF2a, has recently been shown to play a critical role in immune evasion by inhibiting the peptide transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), thereby blocking antigen-specific CD8 + T-cell recognition of many lytic cycle antigens. Surprisingly, we now show that a peptide ( 50 VLFGLLCLL 58 ) from the hydrophobic C-terminal region of this small (60-amino-acid) EBV protein is efficiently presented by the common class I allele HLA-A2 for recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The mechanism for this unexpected finding was revealed by experiments showing that this epitope is processed and presented independently of TAP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-538X , 1098-5514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01724-08
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1495529-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Butyrate Supplementation at High Concentrations Alters Enteric Bacterial Communities and Reduces Intestinal Inflammation in Mice Infected with Citrobacter rodentium
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2017
    In:  mSphere Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2017-08-30)
    Details
    In: mSphere, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 2, No. 4 ( 2017-08-30)
    Abstract: Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid by-product of the microbial fermentation of dietary fermentable materials in the large intestine; it is the main energy source for enterocyte regeneration, modulates the enteric microbial community, and contributes to increasing host health via mechanisms that are relatively poorly defined. Limited research has examined the therapeutic potential of butyrate using models of enteric inflammation incited by pathogenic organisms. We used Citrobacter rodentium to incite acute Th1/Th17 inflammation to ascertain the impact of butyrate on the host-microbiota relationship. Rectal administration of 140 mM butyrate to mice increased fecal concentrations of butyrate and increased food consumption and weight gain in mice infected with C. rodentium . Histological scores of colonic inflammation were lower in infected mice administered 140 mM butyrate. Expression of Il10 , Tgfβ , and Muc2 was elevated in noninfected mice administered butyrate in comparison to mice not administered butyrate. Infected mice administered butyrate displayed elevated expression of genes necessary for pathogen clearance (i.e., Il17A and Il1β ) and of genes involved in epithelial barrier repair and restoration (i.e., Relmβ , Tff3 , and Myd88 ). Butyrate supplemented to inflamed colons increased the abundances of Proteobacteria and Lachnospiraceae and reduced the abundance of Clostridiaceae species. Mice with enteritis that were administered butyrate also exhibited an increased abundance of mucus-associated bacteria. In summary, rectal administration of butyrate increased feed consumption and weight gain, ameliorated C. rodentium -induced cell injury through enhanced expression of immune regulation and tissue repair mechanisms, and increased the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in mice with enteritis. IMPORTANCE The study findings provide evidence that administration of butyrate in a dose-dependent manner can increase weight gain in infected mice, enhance clearance of the infection, reduce inflammation through altered cytokine expression, and enhance tissue repair and mucus secretion. Moreover, butyrate treatment also affected the abundance of bacterial populations in both noninflamed and inflamed intestines. Notably, this investigation provides foundational information that can be used to determine the effects of prebiotics and other functional foods on the production of butyrate by enteric bacteria and their impact on intestinal health and host well-being.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2379-5042
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00243-17
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2844248-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Persistence of Anaplasma ovis Infection and Conservation of the msp-2 and msp-3 Multigene Families within the Genus Anaplasma
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1998
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 66, No. 12 ( 1998-12), p. 6035-6039
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 66, No. 12 ( 1998-12), p. 6035-6039
    Abstract: Goats which have recovered from acute Anaplasma ovis infection remain seropositive, although infected erythrocytes cannot be detected by microscopic examination. Persistence of A. ovis 17 to 21 months following experimental infection was demonstrated by PCR detection of the msp-5 gene. Quantitative analysis of persistent rickettsemia over time showed that all levels were below the limit of microscopic detection and ranged from a low of 10 2 organisms/ml to peaks of 10 6 organisms/ml. Two patterns of persistent rickettsemia were observed: the first was characterized by cyclic fluctuations at 6- to 9-week intervals, similar to the pattern described for A. marginale -infected cattle, while in the second pattern, repetitive cycles did not occur and the rickettsemia levels were relatively constant. The msp-2 and msp-3 multigene families, which provide the genetic capacity for outer membrane protein antigenic variation during persistent A. marginale rickettsemia, were identified in the A. ovis genome by Southern blot analysis, and expression of an MSP-2 homologue was confirmed by using immunoblots.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.66.12.6035-6039.1998
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Accidental Exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei in the Laboratory in the Era of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2014
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 52, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 3490-3491
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 52, No. 9 ( 2014-09), p. 3490-3491
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01238-14
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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