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  • American Society for Microbiology  (17)
  • Medicine  (17)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antipneumococcal effects of C-reactive protein and monoclonal antibodies to pneumococcal cell wall and capsular antigens
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 1989-05), p. 1457-1464
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 1989-05), p. 1457-1464
    Abstract: Antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides are well known for their ability to protect against pneumococcal infection. Recent studies indicate that antibodies to cell wall antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A and the phosphocholine (PC) determinant of teichoic acids as well as human C-reactive protein (which also binds to PC), can protect mice against pneumococcal infection. In the present study we compared the protective effects of these agents as measured by mouse protection, the blood bactericidal assay, and clearance of pneumococci from the blood and peritoneal cavity. Our findings extend previous results indicating that human C-reactive protein and antibodies to noncapsular antigens are generally less protective than anticapsular antibodies. The new results obtained indicate the following: (i) mouse protection studies with intraperitoneal and intravenous infections provide very similar results; (ii) monoclonal immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibodies to PC, like IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 antibodies to PC, are highly protective against pneumococcal infection in mice; (iii) human antibody to PC is able to protect against pneumococcal infection in mice; (iv) antibodies to PspA are effective at mediating blood and peritoneal clearance of pneumococci; (v) complement is required for the in vivo protective effects of both IgG and IgM antibodies to PC; (vi) IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 anti-PC antibodies all mediate complement-dependent lysis of PC-conjugated erythrocytes; and (vii) antibodies and human C-reactive proteins that are reactive with capsular antigens but not cell wall antigens are able to mediate significant antibacterial activity in the blood bactericidal assay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.5.1457-1464.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In vitro and in vivo evaluations of A-80556, a new fluoroquinolone
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1994
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 1071-1078
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 1071-1078
    Abstract: A-80556 is a novel fluoroquinolone with potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. A-80556 was more active than ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. A-80556 was particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC for 90% of isolates [MIC90], 0.12 microgram/ml, relative to fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90, 0.12 microgram/ml). A-80556 was also the most active of the quinolones tested against ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus, with an MIC90 of 4.0 micrograms/ml; that of ciprofloxacin was 〉 128 micrograms/ml. However, the significance of this activity is not known. A-80556 was slightly less active against Escherichia coli (MIC90, 0.06 microgram/ml) and other enteric organisms than ciprofloxacin (MIC90 for E. coli, 〈 or = 0.03 microgram/ml). A-80556 was slightly less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90, 4.0 micrograms/ml) than ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 2.0 micrograms/ml) and more active against Acinetobacter spp. (respective MIC90s, 0.12 and 0.5 microgram/ml). A-80556 was also the most active compound against anaerobes. Against Bacteroides fragilis, the MIC90 of A-80556 was 2.0 micrograms/ml; that of ciprofloxacin was 16 micrograms/ml. The in vivo efficacy of A-80556 in experimental models with both gram-positive and gram-negative infections was consistent with the in vitro activity and pharmacokinetics and oral absorption in mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.38.5.1071
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance of Commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serum Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays under Experimental and Field Conditions
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 58, No. 12 ( 2020-11-18)
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 12 ( 2020-11-18)
    Abstract: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically significant pathogen of swine. M. hyopneumoniae serum antibody detection via commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is widely used for routine surveillance in commercial swine production systems. Samples from two studies were used to evaluate assay performance. In study 1, 6 commercial M. hyopneumoniae ELISAs were compared using serum samples from 8-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs allocated to the following 5 inoculation groups of 10 pigs each: (i) negative control, (ii) Mycoplasma flocculare (strain 27399), (iii) Mycoplasma hyorhinis (strain 38983), (iv) Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (strain 34428), and (v) M. hyopneumoniae (strain 232). Weekly serum and daily oral fluid samples were collected through 56 days postinoculation (dpi). The true status of pigs was established by PCR testing on oral fluids samples over the course of the observation period. Analysis of ELISA performance at various cutoffs found that the manufacturers’ recommended cutoffs were diagnostically specific, i.e., produced no false positives, with the exceptions of 2 ELISAs. An analysis based on overall misclassification error rates found that 4 ELISAs performed similarly, although one assay produced more false positives. In study 2, the 3 best-performing ELISAs from study 1 were compared using serum samples generated under field conditions. Ten 8-week-old pigs were intratracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae . Matched serum and tracheal samples (to establish the true pig M. hyopneumoniae status) were collected at 7- to 14-day intervals through 98 dpi. Analyses of sensitivity and specificity showed similar performance among these 3 ELISAs. Overall, this study provides an assessment of the performance of current M. hyopneumoniae ELISAs and an understanding of their use in surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00485-20
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA synthetic cycle of Candida species
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1987
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 1987-06), p. 1490-1497
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 1987-06), p. 1490-1497
    Abstract: The total DNA per cell and DNA synthetic cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry in five Candida isolates including three species: Candida albicans 208R1, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, and Candida parapsilosis 970, 3138, and ATCC 22019. The cells were prepared for flow cytometry by fixation in Carnoy fixative followed by staining with mithramycin. Marked but stable and reproducible inter- and intraspecific differences in total DNA per cell of stationary-phase cultures were found which did not correlate directly to diphenylamine estimates of the same parameter. This discrepancy was resolved by mathematically converting flow cytometry data into diphenylamine data. The reason for the discrepancy was found in studies of the DNA synthetic cycle of these yeasts: a large but isolate-specific variable proportion of the population is arrested in the S and G2-M phases after the culture passes from exponential to stationary phase. Histograms of exponential-growth-phase Candida isolates demonstrate that the majority of the population is in the G2-M phase of the DNA synthetic cycle. The DNA content of the C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis isolates studied is as high as or higher than that of C. albicans. Extranuclear fluorescent particles were observed in the C. tropicalis isolate. No equivalent particles could be detected in the other four Candida isolates. The nature of the particles is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.55.6.1490-1497.1987
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is serologically highly variable and is expressed by all clinically important capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1990
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 1990-10), p. 3293-3299
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 1990-10), p. 3293-3299
    Abstract: Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown previously to elicit antibodies protective against pneumococcal infection and to be necessary for full pneumococcal virulence in mice. The protein was originally defined by the two mouse monoclonal antibodies Xi64 and Xi126, which together recognized PspA on 14% of pneumococcal isolates. Some PspA molecules reacted with both antibodies, but most reacted with only one or the other. In the present study we demonstrated that PspA is produced by all pneumococci, confirming our hypothesis that there are variants of PspA which are not detected by Xi64 and Xi126. We produced a rabbit antiserum and five additional monoclonal antibodies specific for PspA for these studies. The rabbit antiserum reacted with each of 95 pneumococcal isolated tested, comprising 16 capsular serotypes. One or more of the seven monoclonal anti-PspA antibodies reacted with 95% (53 of 57) of pneumococcal isolates tested. The specificity of the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to PspA was confirmed in two ways: (i) by detection of molecules on wild-type pneumococci that are identical in molecular weight to those detected in Western blots (immunoblots) with Xi64 and Xi126 and (ii) by the use of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae that fail to produce PspA or that produce a truncated form of PspA. By using the seven monoclonal antibodies, we observed 31 PspA types among the 57 isolates. When the 53 strains reactive with the monoclonal antibodies were analyzed by capsular type as well as by serologic type and molecular weight of PspA, we observed 50 different clonotypes of pneumococci.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.10.3293-3299.1990
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1990
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-Encoded Regulator Controls Expression of Both LEE- and Non-LEE-Encoded Virulence Factors in Enteropathogenic and EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000), p. 6115-6126
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000), p. 6115-6126
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1098-5522 , 0019-9567
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/.68.11.6115-6126.2000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oral immunization with PspA elicits protective humoral immunity against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1997
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 65, No. 2 ( 1997-02), p. 640-644
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 2 ( 1997-02), p. 640-644
    Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory mucosal pathogen affecting infants and children. Although a polysaccharide-based vaccine has been useful in adult populations, it does not elicit protective immunity in infants and young children. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is a highly immunogenic surface protein produced by all strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Previous studies have shown that systemic immunization of mice with PspA can elicit protective immunity against fatal pneumococcal infection. In this study, we demonstrated that oral immunization with PspA could elicit protective immune responses against pneumococcal infection. When mice were orally immunized with PspA alone, low levels of PspA-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses were induced in serum; none was induced in secretion. On the other hand, when PspA was given orally with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT), significant levels of IgG and IgA anti-PspA responses were induced in serum. The major IgG subclass was IgG1, followed by IgG2b, a profile of antibody response supported by Th2-type cells. In addition, all mice orally immunized with PspA and CT were protected from the lethal challenge with capsular serotype 3 S. pneumoniae A66. These results suggested that an oral PspA vaccine may be a useful means of preventing pneumococcal disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.2.640-644.1997
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1997
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Survey of Culture, GoldenGate Assay, Universal Biosensor Assay, and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing as Alternative Methods of Bacterial Pathogen Detection
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 3263-3269
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. 3263-3269
    Abstract: Cultivation-based assays combined with PCR or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based methods for finding virulence factors are standard methods for detecting bacterial pathogens in stools; however, with emerging molecular technologies, new methods have become available. The aim of this study was to compare four distinct detection technologies for the identification of pathogens in stools from children under 5 years of age in The Gambia, Mali, Kenya, and Bangladesh. The children were identified, using currently accepted clinical protocols, as either controls or cases with moderate to severe diarrhea. A total of 3,610 stool samples were tested by established clinical culture techniques: 3,179 DNA samples by the Universal Biosensor assay (Ibis Biosciences, Inc.), 1,466 DNA samples by the GoldenGate assay (Illumina), and 1,006 DNA samples by sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Each method detected different proportions of samples testing positive for each of seven enteric pathogens, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shigella spp., Campylobacter jejuni , Salmonella enterica , and Aeromonas spp. The comparisons among detection methods included the frequency of positive stool samples and kappa values for making pairwise comparisons. Overall, the standard culture methods detected Shigella spp., EPEC, ETEC, and EAEC in smaller proportions of the samples than either of the methods based on detection of the virulence genes from DNA in whole stools. The GoldenGate method revealed the greatest agreement with the other methods. The agreement among methods was higher in cases than in controls. The new molecular technologies have a high potential for highly sensitive identification of bacterial diarrheal pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01342-13
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Locus of Enterocyte Effacement (LEE)-Encoded Regulator Controls Expression of Both LEE- and Non-LEE-Encoded Virulence Factors in Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2000
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000-11), p. 6115-6126
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 11 ( 2000-11), p. 6115-6126
    Abstract: Regulation of virulence gene expression in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is incompletely understood. In EPEC, the plasmid-encoded regulator Per is required for maximal expression of proteins encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), and a LEE-encoded regulator (Ler) is part of the Per-mediated regulatory cascade upregulating the LEE2 , LEE3 , and LEE4 promoters. We now report that Ler is essential for the expression of multiple LEE-located genes in both EPEC and EHEC, including those encoding the type III secretion pathway, the secreted Esp proteins, Tir, and intimin. Ler is therefore central to the process of attaching and effacing (AE) lesion formation. Ler also regulates the expression of LEE-located genes not required for AE-lesion formation, including rorf2 , orf10 , rorf10 , orf19 , and espF , indicating that Ler regulates additional virulence properties. In addition, Ler regulates the expression of proteins encoded outside the LEE that are not essential for AE lesion formation, including TagA in EHEC and EspC in EPEC. Δ ler mutants of both EPEC and EHEC show altered adherence to epithelial cells and express novel fimbriae. Ler is therefore a global regulator of virulence gene expression in EPEC and EHEC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.68.11.6115-6126.2000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2000
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PspK of Streptococcus pneumoniae Increases Adherence to Epithelial Cells and Enhances Nasopharyngeal Colonization
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2013
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 81, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 173-181
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 81, No. 1 ( 2013-01), p. 173-181
    Abstract: Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) colonizes the human nasopharynx and can cause invasive disease aided by the pneumococcal capsule. Group II nontypeable S. pneumoniae (NTSp) lacks a polysaccharide capsule, and a subgroup of NTSp carriage isolates has been found to have a novel gene, pneumococcal surface protein K ( pspK ), which replaces the capsule locus. A recent rise in the number of NTSp isolates colonizing the human nasopharynx has been observed, but the colonization factors of NTSp have not been well studied. PspK has been shown to play a role in mouse colonization. We therefore examined PspK-mediated immune evasion along with adherence to host cells and colonization. PspK bound human secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) but not the complement regulator factor H and did not decrease C3b deposition on the pneumococcal surface. PspK increased binding of pneumococci to epithelial cells and enhanced pneumococcal colonization independently of the genetic background. Understanding how NTSp colonizes and survives within the nasopharynx is important due to the increase in NTSp carriage. Our data suggest that PspK may aid in the persistence of NTSp within the nasopharynx but is not involved in invasion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00755-12
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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