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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antipneumococcal effects of C-reactive protein and monoclonal antibodies to pneumococcal cell wall and capsular antigens
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1989
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 1989-05), p. 1457-1464
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 1989-05), p. 1457-1464
    Abstract: Antibodies to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides are well known for their ability to protect against pneumococcal infection. Recent studies indicate that antibodies to cell wall antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A and the phosphocholine (PC) determinant of teichoic acids as well as human C-reactive protein (which also binds to PC), can protect mice against pneumococcal infection. In the present study we compared the protective effects of these agents as measured by mouse protection, the blood bactericidal assay, and clearance of pneumococci from the blood and peritoneal cavity. Our findings extend previous results indicating that human C-reactive protein and antibodies to noncapsular antigens are generally less protective than anticapsular antibodies. The new results obtained indicate the following: (i) mouse protection studies with intraperitoneal and intravenous infections provide very similar results; (ii) monoclonal immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibodies to PC, like IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 antibodies to PC, are highly protective against pneumococcal infection in mice; (iii) human antibody to PC is able to protect against pneumococcal infection in mice; (iv) antibodies to PspA are effective at mediating blood and peritoneal clearance of pneumococci; (v) complement is required for the in vivo protective effects of both IgG and IgM antibodies to PC; (vi) IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 anti-PC antibodies all mediate complement-dependent lysis of PC-conjugated erythrocytes; and (vii) antibodies and human C-reactive proteins that are reactive with capsular antigens but not cell wall antigens are able to mediate significant antibacterial activity in the blood bactericidal assay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.57.5.1457-1464.1989
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1989
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    In vitro and in vivo evaluations of A-80556, a new fluoroquinolone
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1994
    In:  Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 1071-1078
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 38, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 1071-1078
    Abstract: A-80556 is a novel fluoroquinolone with potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. A-80556 was more active than ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. A-80556 was particularly active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC for 90% of isolates [MIC90], 0.12 microgram/ml, relative to fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC90, 0.12 microgram/ml). A-80556 was also the most active of the quinolones tested against ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus, with an MIC90 of 4.0 micrograms/ml; that of ciprofloxacin was 〉 128 micrograms/ml. However, the significance of this activity is not known. A-80556 was slightly less active against Escherichia coli (MIC90, 0.06 microgram/ml) and other enteric organisms than ciprofloxacin (MIC90 for E. coli, 〈 or = 0.03 microgram/ml). A-80556 was slightly less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC90, 4.0 micrograms/ml) than ciprofloxacin (MIC90, 2.0 micrograms/ml) and more active against Acinetobacter spp. (respective MIC90s, 0.12 and 0.5 microgram/ml). A-80556 was also the most active compound against anaerobes. Against Bacteroides fragilis, the MIC90 of A-80556 was 2.0 micrograms/ml; that of ciprofloxacin was 16 micrograms/ml. The in vivo efficacy of A-80556 in experimental models with both gram-positive and gram-negative infections was consistent with the in vitro activity and pharmacokinetics and oral absorption in mice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0066-4804 , 1098-6596
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AAC.38.5.1071
    RVK:
    XA 24552
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1496156-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
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    Performance of Commercial Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Serum Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays under Experimental and Field Conditions
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 58, No. 12 ( 2020-11-18)
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 12 ( 2020-11-18)
    Abstract: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically significant pathogen of swine. M. hyopneumoniae serum antibody detection via commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is widely used for routine surveillance in commercial swine production systems. Samples from two studies were used to evaluate assay performance. In study 1, 6 commercial M. hyopneumoniae ELISAs were compared using serum samples from 8-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs allocated to the following 5 inoculation groups of 10 pigs each: (i) negative control, (ii) Mycoplasma flocculare (strain 27399), (iii) Mycoplasma hyorhinis (strain 38983), (iv) Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (strain 34428), and (v) M. hyopneumoniae (strain 232). Weekly serum and daily oral fluid samples were collected through 56 days postinoculation (dpi). The true status of pigs was established by PCR testing on oral fluids samples over the course of the observation period. Analysis of ELISA performance at various cutoffs found that the manufacturers’ recommended cutoffs were diagnostically specific, i.e., produced no false positives, with the exceptions of 2 ELISAs. An analysis based on overall misclassification error rates found that 4 ELISAs performed similarly, although one assay produced more false positives. In study 2, the 3 best-performing ELISAs from study 1 were compared using serum samples generated under field conditions. Ten 8-week-old pigs were intratracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae . Matched serum and tracheal samples (to establish the true pig M. hyopneumoniae status) were collected at 7- to 14-day intervals through 98 dpi. Analyses of sensitivity and specificity showed similar performance among these 3 ELISAs. Overall, this study provides an assessment of the performance of current M. hyopneumoniae ELISAs and an understanding of their use in surveillance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-1137 , 1098-660X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00485-20
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498353-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Has Evolved Preferential Use of N- Acetylneuraminic Acid as a Host Adaptation
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2019
    In:  mBio Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2019-06-25)
    Details
    In: mBio, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2019-06-25)
    Abstract: Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that is adapted exclusively to human hosts. NTHi utilizes sialic acid from the host as a carbon source and as a terminal sugar on the outer membrane glycolipid lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Sialic acid expressed on LOS is critical in NTHi biofilm formation and immune evasion. There are two major forms of sialic acids in most mammals, N -acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N -glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), the latter of which is derived from Neu5Ac. Humans lack the enzyme to convert Neu5Ac to Neu5Gc and do not express Neu5Gc in normal tissues; instead, Neu5Gc is recognized as a foreign antigen. A recent study showed that dietary Neu5Gc can be acquired by NTHi colonizing humans and then presented on LOS, which acts as an antigen for the initial induction of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Here we examined Neu5Gc uptake and presentation on NTHi LOS. We show that, although Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac are utilized equally well as sole carbon sources, Neu5Gc is not incorporated efficiently into LOS. When equal amounts of Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac are provided in culture media, there is ∼4-fold more Neu5Ac incorporated into LOS, suggesting a bias in a step of the LOS biosynthetic pathway. CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase (SiaB) was shown to have ∼4,000-fold-higher catalytic efficiency for Neu5Ac than for Neu5Gc. These data suggest that NTHi has adapted preferential utilization of Neu5Ac, thus avoiding presentation of the nonhuman Neu5Gc in the bacterial cell surface. The selective pressure for this adaptation may represent the human antibody response to the Neu5Gc xenoantigen. IMPORTANCE Host-adapted bacterial pathogens such as NTHi cannot survive out of their host environment and have evolved host-specific mechanisms to obtain nutrients and evade the immune response. Relatively few of these host adaptations have been characterized at the molecular level. NTHi utilizes sialic acid as a nutrient and also incorporates this sugar into LOS, which is important in biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the present study, we showed that NTHi has evolved to preferentially utilize the Neu5Ac form of sialic acid. This adaptation is due to the substrate preference of the enzyme CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase, which synthesizes the activated form of Neu5Ac for macromolecule biosynthesis. This adaptation allows NTHi to evade killing by a human antibody response against the nonhuman sialic acid Neu5Gc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2161-2129 , 2150-7511
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00422-19
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2557172-2
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  • 5
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    Identification of a plasmid-borne parathion hydrolase gene from Flavobacterium sp. by southern hybridization with opd from Pseudomonas diminuta
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1986
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 51, No. 5 ( 1986-05), p. 926-930
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 51, No. 5 ( 1986-05), p. 926-930
    Abstract: Parathion hydrolases have been previously described for an American isolate of Pseudomonas diminuta and a Philippine isolate of Flavobacterium sp. (ATCC 27551). The gene which encodes the broad-spectrum organophosphate phosphotriesterase in P. diminuta has been shown by other investigators to be located on a 66-kilobase (kb) plasmid. The intact gene (opd, organophosphate-degrading gene) from this degradative plasmid was cloned into M13mp10 and found to express parathion hydrolase under control of the lac promoter in Escherichia coli. In Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551, a 43-kb plasmid was associated with the production of parathion hydrolase by curing experiments. The M13mp10-cloned fragment of the opd gene from P. diminuta was used to identify a homologous genetic region from Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551. Southern hybridization experiments demonstrated that a genetic region from the 43-kb Flavobacterium sp. plasmid possessed significant homology to the opd sequence. Similar hybridization did not occur with three other native Flavobacterium sp. plasmids (approximately 23, 27, and 51 kb) present within this strain or with genomic DNA from cured strains. Restriction mapping of various recombinant DNA molecules containing subcloned fragments of both opd plasmids revealed that the restriction maps of the two opd regions were similar, if not identical, for all restriction endonucleases tested thus far. In contrast, the restriction maps of the cloned plasmid sequences outside the opd regions were not similar. Thus, it appears that the two discrete bacterial plasmids from parathion-hydrolyzing soil bacteria possess a common but limited region of sequence homology within potentially nonhomologous plasmid structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.51.5.926-930.1986
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA synthetic cycle of Candida species
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1987
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 1987-06), p. 1490-1497
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 55, No. 6 ( 1987-06), p. 1490-1497
    Abstract: The total DNA per cell and DNA synthetic cycle phases were determined by flow cytometry in five Candida isolates including three species: Candida albicans 208R1, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750, and Candida parapsilosis 970, 3138, and ATCC 22019. The cells were prepared for flow cytometry by fixation in Carnoy fixative followed by staining with mithramycin. Marked but stable and reproducible inter- and intraspecific differences in total DNA per cell of stationary-phase cultures were found which did not correlate directly to diphenylamine estimates of the same parameter. This discrepancy was resolved by mathematically converting flow cytometry data into diphenylamine data. The reason for the discrepancy was found in studies of the DNA synthetic cycle of these yeasts: a large but isolate-specific variable proportion of the population is arrested in the S and G2-M phases after the culture passes from exponential to stationary phase. Histograms of exponential-growth-phase Candida isolates demonstrate that the majority of the population is in the G2-M phase of the DNA synthetic cycle. The DNA content of the C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis isolates studied is as high as or higher than that of C. albicans. Extranuclear fluorescent particles were observed in the C. tropicalis isolate. No equivalent particles could be detected in the other four Candida isolates. The nature of the particles is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.55.6.1490-1497.1987
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) is serologically highly variable and is expressed by all clinically important capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1990
    In:  Infection and Immunity Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 1990-10), p. 3293-3299
    Details
    In: Infection and Immunity, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 58, No. 10 ( 1990-10), p. 3293-3299
    Abstract: Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) has been shown previously to elicit antibodies protective against pneumococcal infection and to be necessary for full pneumococcal virulence in mice. The protein was originally defined by the two mouse monoclonal antibodies Xi64 and Xi126, which together recognized PspA on 14% of pneumococcal isolates. Some PspA molecules reacted with both antibodies, but most reacted with only one or the other. In the present study we demonstrated that PspA is produced by all pneumococci, confirming our hypothesis that there are variants of PspA which are not detected by Xi64 and Xi126. We produced a rabbit antiserum and five additional monoclonal antibodies specific for PspA for these studies. The rabbit antiserum reacted with each of 95 pneumococcal isolated tested, comprising 16 capsular serotypes. One or more of the seven monoclonal anti-PspA antibodies reacted with 95% (53 of 57) of pneumococcal isolates tested. The specificity of the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to PspA was confirmed in two ways: (i) by detection of molecules on wild-type pneumococci that are identical in molecular weight to those detected in Western blots (immunoblots) with Xi64 and Xi126 and (ii) by the use of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae that fail to produce PspA or that produce a truncated form of PspA. By using the seven monoclonal antibodies, we observed 31 PspA types among the 57 isolates. When the 53 strains reactive with the monoclonal antibodies were analyzed by capsular type as well as by serologic type and molecular weight of PspA, we observed 50 different clonotypes of pneumococci.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0019-9567 , 1098-5522
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.10.3293-3299.1990
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483247-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Microbiological Aspects of Penicillin : V. Conidiospore Formation in Submerged Cultures of Penicillium Notatum
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1945
    In:  Journal of Bacteriology Vol. 50, No. 3 ( 1945-09), p. 365-368
    Details
    In: Journal of Bacteriology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 50, No. 3 ( 1945-09), p. 365-368
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9193 , 1098-5530
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/jb.50.3.365-368.1945
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1945
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481988-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Seasonal Variation in Lysogeny as Depicted by Prophage Induction in Tampa Bay, Florida
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2002
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 68, No. 9 ( 2002-09), p. 4307-4314
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 9 ( 2002-09), p. 4307-4314
    Abstract: A seasonal study of the distribution of lysogenic bacteria in Tampa Bay, Florida, was conducted over a 13-month period. Biweekly water samples were collected and either were left unaltered or had the viral population reduced by filtration (pore size, 0.2 μm) and resuspension in filtered (pore size, 0.2 μm) water. Virus-reduced and unaltered samples were then treated by adding mitomycin C (0.5 μg ml −1 ) to induce prophage or were left untreated. In order to test the hypothesis that prophage induction was phosphate limited, additional induction experiments were performed in the presence and absence of phosphate. Induction was assessed as an increase in viral direct counts, relative to those obtained in controls, as detected by epifluorescence microscopy. Induction of prophage was observed in 5 of 25 (20%) unaltered samples which were obtained during or after the month of February, paralleling the results from a previous seasonal study. Induction of prophage was observed in 9 of 25 (36%) of the virus-reduced samples, primarily those obtained in the winter months, which was not observed in a prior seasonal study (P. K. Cochran and J. H. Paul, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:2308-2312, 1998). Induction was noted in the months of lowest bacterial and primary production, suggesting that lysogeny was favored under conditions of poor host growth. Phosphate addition enabled prophage induction in two of nine (22%) experiments. These results indicate that prophage induction may occasionally be phosphate limited or respond to increases in phosphate concentration, suggesting that phosphate concentration may modulate the lysogenic response of natural populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.9.4307-4314.2002
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    An oral commensal attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa -induced airway inflammation and modulates nitrite flux in respiratory epithelium
    American Society for Microbiology ; 2023
    In:  Microbiology Spectrum
    Details
    In: Microbiology Spectrum, American Society for Microbiology
    Abstract: Respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). These infections are polymicrobial in nature with overt pathogens and other colonizing microbes present. Microbiome data have indicated that the presence of oral commensal bacteria in the lungs is correlated with improved outcomes. We hypothesize that one oral commensal, Streptococcus parasanguinis, inhibits CF pathogens and modulates the host immune response. One major CF pathogen is Pseudomonas aeruginosa , a Gram-negative, opportunistic bacterium with intrinsic drug resistance and an arsenal of virulence factors. We have previously shown that S. parasanguinis inhibits P. aeruginosa in vitro in a nitrite-dependent manner through the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates. In this study, we demonstrate that while this mechanism is evident in a cell culture model of the CF airway, an alternative mechanism by which S. parasanguinis may improve outcomes for people with CF is through immunomodulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2165-0497
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02198-23
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2807133-5
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