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  • American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)  (5)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) ; 2009
    In:  Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2009-05-15), p. 2626-2637
    In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 20, No. 10 ( 2009-05-15), p. 2626-2637
    Abstract: The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is an evolutionarily conserved surveillance mechanism that delays anaphase onset and mitotic exit in response to the lack of kinetochore attachment. The target of the SAC is the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex (APC) bound to its Cdc20 activator. The Cdc20/APC complex is in turn required for sister chromatid separation and mitotic exit through ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of securin, thus relieving inhibition of separase that unties sister chromatids. Separase is also involved in the Cdc-fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR) pathway of nucleolar release and activation of the Cdc14 phosphatase, which regulates several microtubule-linked processes at the metaphase/anaphase transition and also drives mitotic exit. Here, we report that the SAC prevents separation of microtubule-organizing centers (spindle pole bodies [SPBs]) when spindle assembly is defective. Under these circumstances, failure of SAC activation causes unscheduled SPB separation, which requires Cdc20/APC, the FEAR pathway, cytoplasmic dynein, and the actin cytoskeleton. We propose that, besides inhibiting sister chromatid separation, the SAC preserves the accurate transmission of chromosomes also by preventing SPBs to migrate far apart until the conditions to assemble a bipolar spindle are satisfied.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-1524 , 1939-4586
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474922-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) ; 2011
    In:  Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2011-07), p. 2185-2197
    In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 22, No. 13 ( 2011-07), p. 2185-2197
    Abstract: Timely down-regulation of the evolutionarily conserved protein kinase Swe1 plays an important role in cell cycle control, as Swe1 can block nuclear division through inhibitory phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of cyclin-dependent kinase. In particular, Swe1 degradation is important for budding yeast cell survival in case of DNA replication stress, whereas it is inhibited by the morphogenesis checkpoint in response to alterations in actin cytoskeleton or septin structure. We show that the lack of the Dma1 and Dma2 ubiquitin ligases, which moderately affects Swe1 localization and degradation during an unperturbed cell cycle with no apparent phenotypic effects, is toxic for cells that are partially defective in Swe1 down-regulation. Moreover, Swe1 is stabilized, restrained at the bud neck, and hyperphosphorylated in dma1Δ dma2Δ cells subjected to DNA replication stress, indicating that the mechanism stabilizing Swe1 under these conditions is different from the one triggered by the morphogenesis checkpoint. Finally, the Dma proteins are required for proper Swe1 ubiquitylation. Taken together, the data highlight a previously unknown role of these proteins in the complex regulation of Swe1 and suggest that they might contribute to control, directly or indirectly, Swe1 ubiquitylation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-1524 , 1939-4586
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474922-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) ; 2004
    In:  Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 3796-3810
    In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 3796-3810
    Abstract: Proper transmission of genetic information requires correct assembly and positioning of the mitotic spindle, responsible for driving each set of sister chromatids to the two daughter cells, followed by cytokinesis. In case of altered spindle orientation, the spindle position checkpoint inhibits Tem1-dependent activation of the mitotic exit network (MEN), thus delaying mitotic exit and cytokinesis until errors are corrected. We report a functional analysis of two previously uncharacterized budding yeast proteins, Dma1 and Dma2, 58% identical to each other and homologous to human Chfr and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Dma1, both of which have been previously implicated in mitotic checkpoints. We show that Dma1 and Dma2 are involved in proper spindle positioning, likely regulating septin ring deposition at the bud neck. DMA2 overexpression causes defects in septin ring disassembly at the end of mitosis and in cytokinesis. The latter defects can be rescued by either eliminating the spindle position checkpoint protein Bub2 or overproducing its target, Tem1, both leading to MEN hyperactivation. In addition, dma1Δ dma2Δ cells fail to activate the spindle position checkpoint in response to the lack of dynein, whereas ectopic expression of DMA2 prevents unscheduled mitotic exit of spindle checkpoint mutants treated with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs. Although their primary functions remain to be defined, our data suggest that Dma1 and Dma2 might be required to ensure timely MEN activation in telophase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-1524 , 1939-4586
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474922-1
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) ; 2003
    In:  Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2003-08), p. 3126-3143
    In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2003-08), p. 3126-3143
    Abstract: Telomeres are specialized functional complexes that ensure chromosome stability by protecting chromosome ends from fusions and degradation and avoiding chromosomal termini from being sensed as DNA breaks. Budding yeast Tel1 is required both for telomere metabolism and for a Rad53-dependent checkpoint responding to unprocessed double-strand breaks. We show that overexpression of a GAL1-TEL1 fusion causes transient telomere lengthening and activation of a Rad53-dependent G2/M checkpoint in cells whose telomeres are short due to the lack of either Tel1 or Yku70. Sudden telomere elongation and checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest are also triggered in wild-type cells by overproducing a protein fusion between the telomeric binding protein Cdc13 and the telomerase-associated protein Est1. Checkpoint activation by GAL1-TEL1 requires ongoing telomere elongation. In fact, it is turned off concomitantly with telomeres reaching a new stable length and is partially suppressed by deletion of the telomerase EST2 gene. Moreover, both telomere length rebalancing and checkpoint inactivation under galactose-induced conditions are accelerated by high levels of either the Sae2 protein, involved in double-strand breaks processing, or the negative telomere length regulator Rif2. These data suggest that sudden telomere lengthening elicits a checkpoint response that inhibits the G2/M transition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-1524 , 1939-4586
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474922-1
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) ; 2007
    In:  Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2007-08), p. 3047-3058
    In: Molecular Biology of the Cell, American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB), Vol. 18, No. 8 ( 2007-08), p. 3047-3058
    Abstract: Telomere structure allows cells to distinguish the natural chromosome ends from double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, DNA damage response proteins are intimately involved in telomere metabolism, suggesting that functional telomeres may be recognized as DNA damage during a time window. Here we show by two different systems that short telomeres are recognized as DSBs during the time of their replication, because they induce a transient MRX-dependent DNA damage checkpoint response during their prolonged elongation. The MRX complex, which is recruited at telomeres under these conditions, dissociates from telomeres concomitantly with checkpoint switch off when telomeres reach a new equilibrium length. We also show that MRX recruitment to telomeres is sufficient to activate the checkpoint independently of telomere elongation. We propose that MRX can signal checkpoint activation by binding to short telomeres only when they become competent for elongation. Because full-length telomeres are refractory to MRX binding and the shortest telomeres are elongated of only a few base pairs per generation, this limitation may prevent unscheduled checkpoint activation during an unperturbed S phase.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1059-1524 , 1939-4586
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474922-1
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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