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  • American Public Health Association  (6)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Easiness of Legal Access to Concealed Firearm Permits and Homicide Rates in the United States
    American Public Health Association ; 2017
    In:  American Journal of Public Health Vol. 107, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. 1923-1929
    Details
    In: American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Vol. 107, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. 1923-1929
    Abstract: Objectives. To examine the relation of “shall-issue” laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; “may-issue” laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates. Methods. We compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis. Results. Shall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide. Conclusions. Shall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-0036 , 1541-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304057
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Public Health Association
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054583-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Alcohol Policy Environment and Policy Subgroups as Predictors of Binge Drinking Measures Among US Adults
    American Public Health Association ; 2015
    In:  American Journal of Public Health Vol. 105, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 816-822
    Details
    In: American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Vol. 105, No. 4 ( 2015-04), p. 816-822
    Abstract: Objectives. We examined the relationships of the state-level alcohol policy environment and policy subgroups with individual-level binge drinking measures. Methods. We used generalized estimating equations regression models to relate the alcohol policy environment based on data from 29 policies in US states from 2004 to 2009 to 3 binge drinking measures in adults from the 2005 to 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Results. A 10 percentage point higher alcohol policy environment score, which reflected increased policy effectiveness and implementation, was associated with an 8% lower adjusted odds of binge drinking and binge drinking 5 or more times, and a 10% lower adjusted odds of consuming 10 or more drinks. Policies that targeted the general population rather than the underage population, alcohol consumption rather than impaired driving, and raising the price or reducing the availability of alcohol had the strongest independent associations with reduced binge drinking. Alcohol taxes and outlet density accounted for approximately half of the effect magnitude observed for all policies. Conclusions. A small number of policies that raised alcohol prices and reduced its availability appeared to affect binge drinking.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-0036 , 1541-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302112
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Public Health Association
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054583-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Empirical Evaluation of the US Beer Institute’s Self-Regulation Code Governing the Content of Beer Advertising
    American Public Health Association ; 2013
    In:  American Journal of Public Health Vol. 103, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. e45-e51
    Details
    In: American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Vol. 103, No. 10 ( 2013-10), p. e45-e51
    Abstract: Objectives. We evaluated advertising code violations using the US Beer Institute guidelines for responsible advertising. Methods. We applied the Delphi rating technique to all beer ads (n = 289) broadcast in national markets between 1999 and 2008 during the National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball tournament games. Fifteen public health professionals completed ratings using quantitative scales measuring the content of alcohol advertisements (e.g., perceived actor age, portrayal of excessive drinking) according to 1997 and 2006 versions of the Beer Institute Code. Results. Depending on the code version, exclusion criteria, and scoring method, expert raters found that between 35% and 74% of the ads had code violations. There were significant differences among producers in the frequency with which ads with violations were broadcast, but not in the proportions of unique ads with violations. Guidelines most likely to be violated included the association of beer drinking with social success and the use of content appealing to persons younger than 21 years. Conclusions. The alcohol industry’s current self-regulatory framework is ineffective at preventing content violations but could be improved by the use of new rating procedures designed to better detect content code violations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-0036 , 1541-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301487
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Public Health Association
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054583-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Laws Mandating Coprescription of Naloxone and Their Impact on Naloxone Prescription in Five US States, 2014–2018
    American Public Health Association ; 2020
    In:  American Journal of Public Health Vol. 110, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 881-887
    Details
    In: American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Vol. 110, No. 6 ( 2020-06), p. 881-887
    Abstract: Objectives. To examine early impacts of laws that require naloxone to be prescribed to patients at increased overdose risk. Methods. Using data from 2014 to 2018 from a large pharmacy chain, CVS Pharmacy, we examined the effects of naloxone-prescribing mandates 90 days before and after they took effect in Arizona, Florida, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia. We compared the number of naloxone doses initiated directly by prescribers and by pharmacy standing order, prescriber specialty, pharmacies dispensing, and payor type by applying linear models and the χ 2 test. Results. Naloxone-prescribing mandates increased pharmacy naloxone provision 255% from 90 days before to after implementation. This approach appeared to engage more prescribers (1028 before to 4285 after), complement ongoing naloxone provision under pharmacy standing orders, expand geographic reach (from 40% to 80% of pharmacies dispensing), and broaden the naloxone payor mix in 4 (P  〈  .05) of 5 states. Conclusions. Mandating the prescribing of naloxone quickly expands access to this life-saving medication for more people in more places. Other states should consider mandating the coprescription of naloxone to individuals at increased risk of overdose.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-0036 , 1541-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305620
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Public Health Association
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054583-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Firearm-Related Laws in All 50 US States, 1991–2016
    American Public Health Association ; 2017
    In:  American Journal of Public Health Vol. 107, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 1122-1129
    Details
    In: American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Vol. 107, No. 7 ( 2017-07), p. 1122-1129
    Abstract: Objectives. To describe a new database containing detailed annual information on firearm-related laws in place in each of the 50 US states from 1991 to 2016 and to summarize key trends in firearm-related laws during this time period. Methods. Using Thomson Reuters Westlaw data to access historical state statutes and session laws, we developed a database indicating the presence or absence of each of 133 provisions of firearm laws in each state over the 26-year period. These provisions covered 14 aspects of state policies, including regulation of the process by which firearm transfers take place, ammunition, firearm possession, firearm storage, firearm trafficking, and liability of firearm manufacturers. Results. An examination of trends in state firearm laws via this database revealed that although the number of laws nearly doubled during the study period, there was substantial heterogeneity across states, leading to a widening disparity in the number of firearm laws. Conclusions. This database can help advance firearm policy research by providing 26 years of comprehensive policy data that will allow longitudinal panel study designs that minimize the limitations present in many previous studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-0036 , 1541-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303701
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Public Health Association
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054583-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    High Alcohol Concentration Products Associated With Poverty and State Alcohol Policies
    American Public Health Association ; 2015
    In:  American Journal of Public Health Vol. 105, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 1886-1892
    Details
    In: American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, Vol. 105, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 1886-1892
    Abstract: Objectives. We examined the associations among zip code demographics, the state alcohol policy environment, and the retail outlet availability of multiple fruit-flavored alcoholic drinks in a can (MFAC). Methods. In a nationally representative sample of zip codes (n = 872), we merged data from 4 sources: publicly available marketing information from 2 major MFAC producers, the US Census Bureau, state alcohol regulatory agencies, and recent research on state alcohol policies. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models to examine MFAC outlet availability in the United States. Results. More than 98% of MFAC outlets were off-premises alcohol establishments. After we controlled for population size and the number of licensed on- and off-premises alcohol outlets within zip codes, more families below the poverty line and weaker state alcohol control policies were associated with greater MFAC outlet availability. Conclusions. Economic conditions and alcohol policy environment appeared to be related to MFAC outlet availability, after adjusting for the general availability of alcohol. Research is needed to determine whether MFACs are disproportionately contributing to alcohol-related harm in socially and economically disadvantaged communities. Policies to better regulate the off-premises sale of alcohol are needed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-0036 , 1541-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2015.302705
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Public Health Association
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2054583-6
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