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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A more gradual positive end-expiratory pressure increase reduces lung damage and improves cardiac function in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome
    American Physiological Society ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 132, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 375-387
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 132, No. 2 ( 2022-02-01), p. 375-387
    Abstract: Increases in positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or recruitment maneuvers may increase stress in lung parenchyma, extracellular matrix, and lung vessels; however, adaptative responses may occur. We evaluated the effects of PEEP on lung damage and cardiac function when increased abruptly, gradually, or more gradually in experimental mild/moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intratracheally. After 24 h, Wistar rats ( n = 48) were randomly assigned to four mechanical ventilation strategies according to PEEP levels: 1) 3 cmH 2 O for 2 h (control); 2) 3 cmH 2 O for 1 h followed by an abrupt increase to 9 cmH 2 O for 1 h (no adaptation time); 3) 3 cmH 2 O for 30 min followed by a gradual increase to 9 cmH 2 O over 30 min then kept constant for 1 h (shorter adaptation time); and 4) more gradual increase in PEEP from 3 cmH 2 O to 9 cmH 2 O over 1 h and kept constant thereafter (longer adaptation time). At the end of the experiment, oxygenation improved in the shorter and longer adaptation time groups compared with the no-adaptation and control groups. Diffuse alveolar damage and expressions of interleukin-6, club cell protein-16, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, amphiregulin, decorin, and syndecan were higher in no adaptation time compared with other groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure was lower in longer adaptation time than in no adaptation ( P = 0.002) and shorter adaptation time ( P = 0.025) groups. In this model, gradually increasing PEEP limited lung damage and release of biomarkers associated with lung epithelial/endothelial cell and extracellular matrix damage, as well as the PEEP-associated increase in pulmonary arterial pressure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In a rat model of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced mild/moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome, a gradual PEEP increase (shorter adaptation time) effectively mitigated histological lung injury and biomarker release associated with lung inflammation, damage to epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and the extracellular matrix compared with an abrupt increase in PEEP. A more gradual PEEP increase (longer adaptation time) decreased lung damage, pulmonary vessel compression, and pulmonary arterial pressure.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00613.2021
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of experimental obesity on diaphragm structure, function, and bioenergetics
    American Physiological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 129, No. 5 ( 2020-11-01), p. 1062-1074
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 129, No. 5 ( 2020-11-01), p. 1062-1074
    Abstract: Obesity is associated with bioenergetic dysfunction of peripheral muscles; however, little is known regarding the impact of obesity on the diaphragm. We hypothesized that obesity would be associated with diaphragm dysfunction attributable to mitochondrial oxygen consumption and structural and ultrastructural changes. Wistar rat litters were culled to 3 pups to induce early postnatal overfeeding and consequent obesity. Control animals were obtained from unculled litters. From postnatal day 150, diaphragm ultrasound, computed tomography, high-resolution respirometry, immunohistochemical, biomolecular, and ultrastructural histological analyses were performed. The diaphragms of obese animals, compared with those of controls, presented changes in morphology as increased thickening fraction, diaphragm excursion, and diaphragm dome height, as well as increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity coupled to ATP synthesis and maximal respiratory capacity. Fatty acid synthase gene expression was also higher in obese animals, suggesting a source of energy for the respiratory chain. Myosin heavy chain-IIA was increased, indicating shift from glycolytic toward oxidative muscle fiber profile. Diaphragm tissue also exhibited ultrastructural changes, such as compact, round, and swollen mitochondria with fainter cristae and more lysosomal bodies. Dynamin-1 expression in the diaphragm was reduced in obese rats, suggesting decreased mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, gene expressions of peroxisome γ proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α and superoxide dismutase-2 were lower in obese animals than in controls, which may indicate a predisposition to oxidative injury. In conclusion, in the obesity model used herein, muscle fiber phenotype was altered in a manner likely associated with increased mitochondrial respiratory capability, suggesting respiratory adaptation to increased metabolic demand. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity has been associated with peripheral muscle dysfunction; however, little is known about its impact on the diaphragm. In the current study, we found high oxygen consumption in diaphragm tissue and changes in muscle fiber phenotypes toward a more oxidative profile in experimental obesity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00262.2020
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regular and moderate exercise before experimental sepsis reduces the risk of lung and distal organ injury
    American Physiological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 112, No. 7 ( 2012-04-01), p. 1206-1214
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 112, No. 7 ( 2012-04-01), p. 1206-1214
    Abstract: Physical activity modulates inflammation and immune response in both normal and pathologic conditions. We investigated whether regular and moderate exercise before the induction of experimental sepsis reduces the risk of lung and distal organ injury and survival. One hundred twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to two groups: sedentary (S) and trained (T). Animals in T group ran on a motorized treadmill, at moderate intensity, 5% grade, 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 8 wk. Cardiac adaptation to exercise was evaluated using echocardiography. Systolic volume and left ventricular mass were increased in T compared with S group. Both T and S groups were further randomized either to sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP) or sham operation (control). After 24 h, lung mechanics and histology, the degree of cell apoptosis in lung, heart, kidney, liver, and small intestine villi, and interleukin (IL)-6, KC (IL-8 murine functional homolog), IL-1β, IL-10, and number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and peritoneal lavage (PLF) fluids as well as plasma were measured. In CLP, T compared with S groups showed: 1) improvement in survival; 2) reduced lung static elastance, alveolar collapse, collagen and elastic fiber content, number of neutrophils in BALF, PLF, and plasma, as well as lung and distal organ cell apoptosis; and 3) increased IL-10 in BALF and plasma, with reduced IL-6, KC, and IL-1β in PLF. In conclusion, regular and moderate exercise before the induction of sepsis reduced the risk of lung and distal organ damage, thus increasing survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01061.2011
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    RVK:
    XA 52094
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Machine learning approaches reveal subtle differences in breathing and sleep fragmentation in Phox2b -derived astrocytes ablated mice
    American Physiological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 125, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01), p. 1164-1179
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 125, No. 4 ( 2021-04-01), p. 1164-1179
    Abstract: Modern neurophysiology research requires the interrogation of high-dimensionality data sets. Machine learning and artificial intelligence (ML/AI) workflows have permeated into nearly all aspects of daily life in the developed world but have not been implemented routinely in neurophysiological analyses. The power of these workflows includes the speed at which they can be deployed, their availability of open-source programming languages, and the objectivity permitted in their data analysis. We used classification-based algorithms, including random forest, gradient boosted machines, support vector machines, and neural networks, to test the hypothesis that the animal genotypes could be separated into their genotype based on interpretation of neurophysiological recordings. We then interrogate the models to identify what were the major features utilized by the algorithms to designate genotype classification. By using raw EEG and respiratory plethysmography data, we were able to predict which recordings came from genotype class with accuracies that were significantly improved relative to the no information rate, although EEG analyses showed more overlap between groups than respiratory plethysmography. In comparison, conventional methods where single features between animal classes were analyzed, differences between the genotypes tested using baseline neurophysiology measurements showed no statistical difference. However, ML/AI workflows successfully were capable of providing successful classification, indicating that interactions between features were different in these genotypes. ML/AI workflows provide new methodologies to interrogate neurophysiology data. However, their implementation must be done with care so as to provide high rigor and reproducibility between laboratories. We provide a series of recommendations on how to report the utilization of ML/AI workflows for the neurophysiology community. NEW & NOTEWORTHY ML/AI classification workflows are capable of providing insight into differences between genotypes for neurophysiology research. Analytical techniques utilized in the neurophysiology community can be augmented by implementing ML/AI workflows. Random forest is a robust classification algorithm for respiratory plethysmography data. Utilization of ML/AI workflows in neurophysiology research requires heightened transparency and improved community research standards.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.00155.2020
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80161-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467889-5
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