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  • American Physiological Society  (29)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1990
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 69, No. 5 ( 1990-11-01), p. 1740-1745
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 69, No. 5 ( 1990-11-01), p. 1740-1745
    Abstract: The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle of mixed fiber type that is unique in its requirement to maintain contractile function and fatigue resistance across a wide range of temperatures to sustain alveolar ventilation under conditions of hypo- or hyperthermia. The direct effect of temperature (15-41 degrees C) on rat diaphragm isometric contractility and fatigue was determined in vitro. As temperature decreased from 37 to 15 degrees C, contraction and relaxation times increased, and there was a left shift of the diaphragm's force-frequency curve, with decreased contractility at 41 and 15 degrees C. Fatigue was induced by 10 min of stimulation with 30 trains/min of 5 Hz at a train duration of 900 ms. Compared with 37 degrees C, fatigue resistance was enhanced at 25 degrees C, but no difference in fatigue indexes was evident at extreme hypothermia (15 degrees C) or hyperthermia (41 degrees C). Only when the fatigue program was adjusted to account for hypothermia-induced increases in tension-time indexes was fatigue resistance evident at 15 degrees C. These findings indicate that despite the diaphragm's unique location as a core structure, necessitating exposure to in vivo temperatures higher than found in limb muscle, the temperature dependence of rat diaphragm muscle contractility and fatigue is similar to that reported for limb muscle of mixed fiber type.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1990
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1994
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 267, No. 2 ( 1994-08-01), p. H853-H863
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 267, No. 2 ( 1994-08-01), p. H853-H863
    Abstract: A new experimental method for the evaluation of myocardial constitutive models combines magnetic resonance (MR) radiofrequency (RF) tissue-tagging techniques with iterative two-dimensional (2-D) nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. For demonstration, a nonlinear isotropic constitutive model for passive diastolic expansion in the in vivo canine heart is evaluated. A 2-D early diastolic FE mesh was constructed with loading parameters for the ventricular chambers taken from mean early diastolic-to-late diastolic pressure changes measured during MR imaging. FE solution was performed for regional, intramyocardial ventricular wall strains using small-strain, small-displacement theory. Corresponding regional ventricular wall strains were computed independently using MR images that incorporated RF tissue tagging. Two unknown parameters were determined for an exponential strain energy function that maximized agreement between observed (from MR) and predicted (from FE analysis) regional wall strains. Extension of this methodology will provide a framework in which to evaluate the quality of myocardial constitutive models of arbitrary complexity on a regional basis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1996
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 270, No. 3 ( 1996-03-01), p. H1085-H1090
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 270, No. 3 ( 1996-03-01), p. H1085-H1090
    Abstract: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in cerebral blood flow-metabolism coupling was assessed in SV-129 wild-type (WT) and neuronal (type I) NO synthase (NOS) knockout mice (Kn). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF; laser-Doppler flowmetry) was measured over the contralateral cortical barrel field during unilateral mechanical vibrissal deflection (2-3 Hz, 60 s) under urethan anesthesia. The rCBF response was similar in WT and Kn and did not differ when recorded over the intact skull or closed cranial window preparations. Whisker stimulation increased rCBF by 41 +/- 8% (maximum) and 27 +/- 6% (mean) in WT (n = 6) and 41 +/- 7% (maximum) and 26 +/- 6% (mean) in Kn (n = 6) when recorded through a closed cranial window. After superfusion with topical N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 1 mM), the rCBF response was inhibited by approximately 45% in WT mice (P 〈 0.05), whereas there was no inhibition in Kn. Endothelium-dependent relaxation, assessed by pial vessel dilation in response to topical acetylcholine (100 microM) and inhibition by L-NNA (1 mM), was the same in both groups. Our results suggest that 1) endothelial NO production does not mediate the rCBF coupling to neuronal activity in Kn, 2) the inhibitory effect of L-NNA on the rCBF response to whisker stimulation in WT is a consequence of type I (neuronal) NOS inhibition, and 3) NO-independent mechanisms couple rCBF and metabolism during whisker stimulation in mice lacking expression of neuronal NOS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1986
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 1986-05-01), p. 1797-1809
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 1986-05-01), p. 1797-1809
    Abstract: Since charge as well as size may influence the passage of plasma proteins from blood to lung lymph, we used uncharged dextrans as tracers to study the effects of hyperoxic lung injury on the molecular sieving properties of the pulmonary microcirculation in unanesthetized sheep. Polydisperse [3H]dextran was infused intravenously into five sheep before and after the animals breathed 100% O2 until lymph flow increased threefold (66–84 h). Lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios (L/P) were determined for [3H] dextran fractions of graded molecular sizes (1.6–8.4 nm effective radius) from samples obtained during the infusions. Before hyperoxia the blood-lymph barrier was highly restrictive to transport of [3H]dextrans above 5.0 nm in radius; steady-state L/P for these molecules averaged 0.03 or less. After the sheep breathed 100% O2, [3H]dextrans as large as 8.4 nm radius appeared in the lymph. Posthyperoxia, the L/P were significantly increased relative to prehyperoxia base-line values for every [3H] dextran fraction larger than 2.0 nm radius (P less than 0.05). In contrast, neither the L/P for albumin or total protein changed significantly. At autopsy, electron microscopy showed widespread damage to the endothelium of the alveolar capillaries with infrequent gaps between endothelial cells. In two control sheep, inhalation of compressed air for 96 h had no effect on lymph flow or L/P for the [3H]dextrans. We conclude that O2 poisoning reduced the selective sieving of uncharged dextrans across the blood-lymph barrier of the lungs and allowed larger dextrans to enter the lymph. These larger molecules may have leaked from the pulmonary microcirculation via disruptions in the continuity of the endothelial lining.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1986
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1966
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 1966-03), p. 527-533
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 1966-03), p. 527-533
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1966
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1973
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 1973-06), p. 759-763
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 1973-06), p. 759-763
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1973
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 113, No. 2 ( 2012-07-15), p. 297-306
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 113, No. 2 ( 2012-07-15), p. 297-306
    Abstract: The Poincaré plot is a popular two-dimensional, time series analysis tool because of its intuitive display of dynamic system behavior. Poincaré plots have been used to visualize heart rate and respiratory pattern variabilities. However, conventional quantitative analysis relies primarily on statistical measurements of the cumulative distribution of points, making it difficult to interpret irregular or complex plots. Moreover, the plots are constructed to reflect highly correlated regions of the time series, reducing the amount of nonlinear information that is presented and thereby hiding potentially relevant features. We propose temporal Poincaré variability (TPV), a novel analysis methodology that uses standard techniques to quantify the temporal distribution of points and to detect nonlinear sources responsible for physiological variability. In addition, the analysis is applied across multiple time delays, yielding a richer insight into system dynamics than the traditional circle return plot. The method is applied to data sets of R-R intervals and to synthetic point process data extracted from the Lorenz time series. The results demonstrate that TPV complements the traditional analysis and can be applied more generally, including Poincaré plots with multiple clusters, and more consistently than the conventional measures and can address questions regarding potential structure underlying the variability of a data set.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1987
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 1987-04-01), p. 1345-1348
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 62, No. 4 ( 1987-04-01), p. 1345-1348
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1973
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 1973-06), p. 754-758
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 1973-06), p. 754-758
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1973
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 1952
    In:  Journal of Applied Physiology Vol. 4, No. 11 ( 1952-05), p. 855-867
    In: Journal of Applied Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 4, No. 11 ( 1952-05), p. 855-867
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 8750-7587 , 1522-1601
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 1952
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1404365-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 31
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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