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  • American Physiological Society  (33)
  • Biology  (33)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2004
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 287, No. 3 ( 2004-09), p. H1254-H1261
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 287, No. 3 ( 2004-09), p. H1254-H1261
    Abstract: It has been well documented previously that 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) exerts a protective effect on cardiovascular tissue. The possible role of E 2 in the regulation of endothelin (ET)-1 production has been previously reported, although the complex mechanisms by which E 2 inhibits ET-1 expression are not completely understood. The aims of this study were to examine whether E 2 was able to alter strain-induced ET-1 gene expression and also to identify the putative underlying signaling pathways that exist within endothelial cells. For cultured endothelial cells, E 2 (1–100 nM), but not 17α-estradiol, inhibited the level of strain-induced ET-1 gene expression and also peptide secretion. This inhibitory effect elicited by E 2 was able to be prevented by the coincubation of endothelial cells with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI-182,780 (1 μM). E 2 also inhibited strain-enhanced NADPH oxidase activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as measured by the redox-sensitive fluorescent dye 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Furthermore, the presence of E 2 and antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine and diphenylene iodonium were able to elicit a decrease in the level of strain-induced ET-1 secretion, ET-1 promoter activity, ET-1 mRNA, ERK phosphorylation, and activator protein-1 binding activity. In summary, we demonstrated, for the first time, that E 2 inhibits strain-induced ET-1 gene expression, partially by interfering with the ERK pathway via the attenuation of strain-induced ROS generation. Thus this study delivers important new insight regarding the molecular pathways that may contribute to the proposed beneficial effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 2
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 295, No. 2 ( 2008-08), p. H708-H716
    Abstract: TNNI3K is a new cardiac-specific MAP kinase whose gene is localized to 1p31.1 and that belongs to a tyrosine kinase-like branch in the kinase tree of the human genome. In the present study we investigated the role of TNNI3K in the cardiac myogenesis process and in the repair of ischemic injury. Pluripotent P19CL6 cells with or without transfection by pcDNA6-TNNI3K plasmid were used to induce differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes. TNNI3K promoted the differentiation process, judging from the increasing beating mass and increased number of α-actinin-positive cells. TNNI3K improved cardiac function by enhancing beating frequency and increasing the contractile force and epinephrine response of spontaneous action potentials without an increase of the single-cell size. TNNI3K suppressed phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I, annexin-V + cells, Bax protein, and p38/JNK-mediated apoptosis. Intramyocardial administration of TNNI3K-overexpressing P19CL6 cells in mice with myocardial infarction improved cardiac performance and attenuated ventricular remodeling compared with injection of wild-type P19CL6 cells. In conclusion, our study clearly indicates that TNNI3K promotes cardiomyogenesis, enhances cardiac performance, and protects the myocardium from ischemic injury by suppressing p38/JNK-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, modulation of TNNI3K activity would be a useful therapeutic approach for ischemic cardiac disease.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 3
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 308, No. 10 ( 2015-05-15), p. H1205-H1214
    Abstract: Environmental hazardous material polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction, which may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer metastasis. Our previous studies illustrated the cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and genotoxic effects of a synthetic, quinone-type, highly reactive metabolite of PCB, 2,3,5-trichloro-6-phenyl-[1,4]benzoquinone (PCB29-pQ). Here, we used it as the model compound to investigate its effects on vascular endothelial integrity and permeability. We demonstrated that noncytotoxic doses of PCB29-pQ induced vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin junction disassembly by increasing the phosphorylation of VE-cadherin at Y658. We also found that focal adhesion assembly was required for PCB29-pQ-induced junction breakdown. Focal adhesion site-associated actin stress fibers may serve as holding points for cytoskeletal tension to regulate the cellular contractility. PCB29-pQ exposure promoted the association of actin stress fibers with paxillin-containing focal adhesion sites and enlarged the size/number of focal adhesions. In addition, PCB29-pQ treatment induced phosphorylation of paxillin at Y118. By using pharmacological inhibition, we further demonstrated that p38 activation was necessary for paxillin phosphorylation, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 activation regulated VE-cadherin phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results indicated that PCB29-pQ stimulates endothelial hyperpermeability by mediating VE-cadherin disassembly, junction breakdown, and focal adhesion formation. Intervention strategies targeting focal adhesion and MAPK signaling could be used as therapeutic approaches for preventing adverse cardiovascular health effects induced by environmental toxicants such as PCBs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 4
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 312, No. 3 ( 2017-03-01), p. H422-H436
    Abstract: High-mobility group box (HMGB) family is related to inflammatory diseases. We investigated whether serum HMGB2 levels are related to myocardial infarction (MI) severity and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during MI. We included 432 consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 312 controls. Serum HMGB2 levels were significantly higher in MI patients than in controls. Increased HMGB2 levels were associated with MACE and negatively with ejection fraction in MI patients. HMGB2 was an independent determinant of MACE in logistic regression analysis. HMGB2 protein (10 μg) or saline was injected intramyocardially in MI rats, with or without coadministration of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. After 72 h, pathological, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic examinations showed that HMGB2 increased infarct size and worsened cardiac function in MI rats. Moreover, HMGB2 administration enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagosome clearance impairment, which were attenuated by coadministration of apocynin or knock down of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). In conclusion, increased serum HMGB2 levels are associated with MI severity and MACE at 1 mo. HMGB2 promotes myocardial ischemic injury in rats and hypoxic H9C2 cell damage via ROS provoked by RAGE. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that serum high-mobility group box 2 is associated with major adverse cardiac events at 1 mo in myocardial infarction patients. Mechanistically, high-mobility group box 2 promotes reactive oxygen species production via receptor for advanced glycation end products signaling in ischemic myocardium, thereby aggravating cell apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagosome clearance impairment. This study reveals that high-mobility group box 2 is a novel factor enhancing ischemic injury in myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2008
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 294, No. 6 ( 2008-06), p. H2540-H2546
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 294, No. 6 ( 2008-06), p. H2540-H2546
    Abstract: Apelin has been reported to have a positive inotropic action in the isolated rat heart. However, the effect of apelin on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ content and its influence on intracellular Ca 2+ transient during excitation-contraction coupling remains poorly understood. In the present study, we determined the effect of apelin on Ca 2+ transient and contractions in isolated rat cardiomyocytes. When compared with control, treatment with apelin caused a 55.7 ± 13.9% increase in sarcomere fraction shortening and a 43.6 ± 4.56% increase in amplitude of electrical-stimulated intracellular Ca 2+ concentration (E[Ca 2+ ] i ) transients ( n = 14, P 〈 0.05). But SR Ca 2+ content measured by caffeine-induced [Ca 2+ ] i (C[Ca 2+ ] i ) transient was decreased 8.41 ± 0.92% in response to apelin ( n = 14, P 〈 0.05). Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger (NCX) function was increased since half-decay time of C[Ca 2+ ] i was decreased 16.22 ± 1.36% in response to apelin. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) activity was also increased by apelin. These responses can be partially or completely blocked by chelerythrine chloride, a PKC inhibitor. In addition, to confirm our data, we used indo-1 as another Ca 2+ indicator and rapid cooling as another way to measure SR Ca 2+ content, and we observed similar results. So we conclude that apelin has a positive inotropic effect on isolated myocytes, and increased amplitude of E[Ca 2+ ] i is at least partially involved in the mechanism. NCX function and SERCA activity are increased by apelin, and the SR Ca 2+ content is decreased by apelin during twitches. PKC played an important role in these signaling mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2021
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 320, No. 2 ( 2021-02-01), p. H867-H880
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 320, No. 2 ( 2021-02-01), p. H867-H880
    Abstract: Dysfunction of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been suggested to be associated with hypertension. β 2 -Adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) is a novel and key target for EPC homing. Here, we proposed that attenuated β 2 AR signaling contributes to EPCs dysfunction, whereas enhanced β 2 AR signaling restores EPCs’ functions in hypertension. EPCs derived from hypertensive patients exhibited reduced cell number, impaired in vitro migratory and adhesion abilities, and impaired re-endothelialization after transplantation in nude mice with carotid artery injury. β 2 AR expression of EPCs from hypertensive patients was markedly downregulated, whereas the phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) was elevated. The cleaved caspase-3 levels were elevated in EPCs. The overexpression of β 2 AR in EPCs from hypertensive patients inhibited p38-MAPK signaling, whereas it enhanced in vitro EPC proliferation, migration, and adhesion and in vivo re-endothelialization. The β 2 AR-mediated effects were attenuated by treating the EPCs with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against β 2 AR, which could be partially antagonized by the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Moreover, shear stress stimulation, a classic nonpharmacological intervention, increased the phosphorylation levels of β 2 AR and enhanced the in vitro and in vivo functions of EPCs from hypertensive patients. Collectively, the current investigation demonstrated that impaired β 2 AR/p38-MAPK/caspase-3 signaling at least partially reduced the re-endothelialization capacity of EPCs from hypertensive patients. Restoration of β 2 AR expression and shear stress treatment could improve their endothelial repair capacity by regulating the p38-MAPK/caspase-3 signaling pathway. The clinical significance of β 2 AR in endothelium repair still requires further investigation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Impaired β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) expression with an elevation of p38-MAPK/caspase-3 signaling at least partially contributes to the decline of re-endothelialization capacity of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from hypertensive patients. β 2 AR gene transfer and shear stress treatment improve the late EPC-mediated enhancement of the re-endothelialization capacity in hypertensive patients through activating β 2 AR/p38-MAPK/caspase-3 signaling. The present study is the first to reveal the potential molecular mechanism of the impaired endothelium-reparative capacity of late EPCs in hypertension after vascular injury and strongly suggests that β 2 AR is a novel and crucial therapeutic target for increasing EPC-mediated re-endothelialization capacity in hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2018
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 314, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. H475-H483
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 314, No. 3 ( 2018-03), p. H475-H483
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2020
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 318, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01), p. H1509-H1515
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 318, No. 6 ( 2020-06-01), p. H1509-H1515
    Abstract: Protein kinases play an integral role in cardiac development, function, and disease. Recent experimental and clinical data have implied that protein kinases belonging to a family of atypical α-protein kinases, including α-protein kinase 2 (ALPK2), are important for regulating cardiac development and maintaining function via regulation of WNT signaling. A recent study in zebrafish reported that loss of ALPK2 leads to severe cardiac defects; however, the relevance of ALPK2 has not been studied in a mammalian animal model. To assess the role of ALPK2 in the mammalian heart, we generated two independent global Alpk2-knockout (Alpk2-gKO) mouse lines, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We performed physiological and biochemical analyses of Alpk2-gKO mice to determine the functional, morphological, and molecular consequences of Alpk2 deletion at the organismal level. We found that Alpk2-gKO mice exhibited normal cardiac function and morphology up to one year of age. Moreover, we did not observe altered WNT signaling in neonatal Alpk2-gKO mouse hearts. In conclusion, Alpk2 is dispensable for cardiac development and function in the murine model. Our results suggest that Alpk2 is a rapidly evolving gene that lost its essential cardiac functions in mammals. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Several studies indicated the importance of ALPK2 for cardiac function and development. A recent study in zebrafish report that loss of ALPK2 leads to severe cardiac defects. In contrast, murine Alpk2-gKO models developed in this work display no overt cardiac phenotype. Our results suggest ALPK2, as a rapidly evolving gene, lost its essential cardiac functions in mammals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2007
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 292, No. 6 ( 2007-06), p. H2607-H2612
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 292, No. 6 ( 2007-06), p. H2607-H2612
    Abstract: We have previously shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) attenuates responses to endoluminal injury of the rat carotid artery, at least in part, by decreasing inflammatory mediator expression and neutrophil infiltration into the injured vessel, with a major effect on the neutrophil-specific chemokine cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-2β. Current studies tested the hypothesis that activated rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) express these same inflammatory mediators and induce neutrophil migration in vitro and that E2 inhibits these processes by an estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent mechanism. Quiescent RASMCs treated with E2, the ERα-selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT), the ERβ-selective agonist diarylpropiolnitrile (DPN), or vehicle for 24 h were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and processed for real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, or chemotaxis assays 6 h later. TNF-α stimulated and E2 attenuated mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, including P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and CINC-2β. DPN dose dependently attenuated TNF-α-induced mRNA expression of CINC-2β, whereas PPT had no effect. The anti-inflammatory effects of DPN and E2 were blocked by the nonselective ER-inhibitor ICI-182,780. ELISA confirmed the TNF-α-induced increase and E2-induced inhibition of CINC-2β protein secretion. TNF-α treatment of RASMCs produced a twofold increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity of conditioned media; E2 and DPN treatment markedly inhibited this effect. E2 inhibits activated RASMC proinflammatory mediator expression and neutrophil chemotactic activity through an ERβ-dependent mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Physiological Society ; 2007
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 293, No. 2 ( 2007-08), p. H959-H967
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 293, No. 2 ( 2007-08), p. H959-H967
    Abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) induces proliferation of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). Since NPY increased the permeability of RAEC monolayers to large molecules via the NPY Y 3 receptor, RAEC proliferation has been evaluated in terms of NPY-receptor subtypes and also intracellular mechanisms. RAECs were incubated with gases containing 20, 15, or 10% O 2 and a certain amount of N 2 , depending on the O 2 content in 5% CO 2 incubators. NPY (10 −9 –10 −6 M) increased the RAEC numbers under hypoxic conditions, such as 15 or 10% O 2 . Peptide YY elicited no proliferative effect on RAEC, and NPY-(18-36) inhibited the NPY-induced increase in cell number, suggesting that NPY increases the RAEC count through the NPY Y 3 receptor. Pertussis toxin, U-73122, GF-109203X, myristorylated autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, and wortmannin inhibited the NPY-induced proliferation of RAEC concentration dependently. DY9760e little affected the proliferation caused by NPY. ML-9 and imatinib actually enhanced the NPY-induced proliferation of cells. These results indicated that the NPY Y 3 receptor is coupled with G i protein, and that NPY-induced increases in RAEC proliferation are mediated by phospholipase C-protein kinase C and/or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways. In intracellular Ca 2+ -calmodulin-dependent pathways, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II partly participates in the NPY-induced cell proliferation. Regarding the previously reported effect of NPY on the permeability of RAEC monolayers to large molecules, it is probable that protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways are activated for both permeability and cell proliferation induced by NPY under hypoxia, relevant to new insights into the roles of NPY in ischemia-hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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