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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graphical approach to non-ideal cases of self-associating protein systems (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 197-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Our previous paper described graphical procedures for evaluating the mode of association in ideal discrete and indefinite cases. This paper concerns the application of such procedures in cases where the non-ideality term BM1 must be considered. Bovine liver L-glutamate dehydrogenase and lysozyme are used as model systems. Several graphical procedures for dealing with cases of 1 - m, 1 - m - n, or indefinite association are developed. The procedure is based on the evaluation of the weight-fraction monomer with-out prior calculation of BM1, using graphical analysis to evaluate the non-ideality term.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360110115
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinematics and deformation characteristics as a mixing measure in the screw extrusion process (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 174-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The present paper proposes “Deformation Characteristics” (DC) as a new deformation measure of screw extrusion processes, based on the Green deformation tensor. In contrast to previous strain measures heuristically proposed by Mohr, et al., Mckelvey, and Pinto and Tadmor, the new DC can naturally incorporate the demixing phenomena and systematically take into account the three-dimensional circulatory flow with the screw flight effect. Therefore, DC can be regarded as an improved strain measure. “Weighted Average Deformation characteristics” (WADC) is also proposed to indicate the overall deformation characteristics as a quantitative measure to the “goodness of mixing” of the extrusion process. The present paper includes discussion on delicate differences between DC and several other strain measures in case of the two-dimensional velocity approximation, and on the application of DC into a general three-dimensional velocity field obtained by a quasi-three-dimensional finite element analysis of extrusion processes. In determining WADC in the three-dimensional application, the residence time distribution function, including the three-dimensional circulatory flow effect, is used.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple approach to determining three-dimensional screw characteristics in the metering zone of extrusion processes using a total shape factor (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 274-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: It is of great importance in designing extruders to predict the screw characteristics, that is, the throughput in terms of the screw speed and the pressure gradient along the down-channel direction. The screw characteristics depend on the extruder geometry, the operating conditions, and material properties of non-Newtonian fluids. This paper suggests a simple approach to determining the screw characteristics for a three-dimensional flow in a channel with a finite aspect ratio (ratio of a width to a depth, W/H) by introducing a Total Shape Factor (Ft) to correct a two-dimensional flow analysis for a channel with an infinite aspect ratio. In the present study, the Total Shape Factor (Ft) was defined as a ratio of a net flow rate obtained by the three-dimensional analysis to that by the two-dimensional analysis. In the proposed approach, the quantity, ∂Ft/∂(H/W), which turns out to be almost constant, offers important information for understanding the effects of the flights. Threfore, ∂Ft/∂(H/W) is extensively reported in this paper in terms of several dimensionless parameters. This simple approach with such a database will be very useful for extruder designers to predict screw characteristics.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of mixing performance of single-screw extrusion processes via chaotic flows: Part II. Numerical study (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advances in Polymer Technology 15 (1996), S. 55-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the accompanying article, Part I, we have described the basic mechanism of chaotic mixings due to a new “Chaos Screw” in single-screw extrusion processes, and presented experimental evidence of the chaotic mixing in a single-screw extruder with a typical Chaos Screw installed. The present article, Part II, will be focused on the numerical investigations of the chaotic flows via the Chaos Screw in a single-screw extruder. The three-dimensional velocity fields in both the no-barrier and barrier regions were separately calculated via a finite element analysis of the quasi-three-dimensional flow in each region, and were subsequently used in the numerical simulations of chaotic flow behaviors. Extensive numerical simulation results will be presented in terms of particle trajectories, Poincaré sections, and mixing patterns for several dimensionless parameters. It was found that invariant manifolds obtained by numerical simulations were in good agreement with those from experiments. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of mixing performance of single-screw extrusion processes via chaotic flows: Part I. Basic concepts and experimental study (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advances in Polymer Technology 15 (1996), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-6679
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As far as the mixing performance in single-screw extrusion processes is concerned, it is well known that the deformation measure or stretching which materials undergo due to the regular flows inside a conventional screw channel increases linearly with the extruder channel length. In general, the chaotic mixing is far superior to the regular mixing. Therefore, it would be fascinating if one could make the chaotic mixing possible in single-screw extruders with a special, and yet easily manufacturable screw without sacrificing the pumping performance of single-screw extruders. With this purpose in mind, we have developed a new screw (termed “Chaos Screw”) for the single-screw extrusion process to enhance the mixing performance via the chaotic flows. The main idea of the Chaos Screw design lies in the spatially periodic barriers inserted in the channel to break closed streamlines in regular flows, which induces the chaotic mixing. The present article describes the basic mechanism of the chaotic mixing in a single-screw extruder and presents experimental evidence of the chaotic mixing using the Chaos Screw. Experimental mixing patterns due to the chaotic flow clearly indicate that the Chaos Screw drastically enhances the mixing performance in a single-screw extruder. It may be mentioned that the accompanying article, Part II, presents numerical investigation which shows that the chaotic mixing was successfully predicted by numerical simulations. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
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    The Novel Role of IL-7 Ligation to IL-7 Receptor in Myeloid Cells of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Collagen-Induced Arthritis [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION] (2013)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: Although the role of IL-7 and IL-7R has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the majority of the studies have focused on the effect of IL-7/IL-7R in T cell development and function. Our novel data, however, document that patients with RA and greater disease activity have higher levels of IL-7, IL-7R, and TNF-α in RA monocytes, suggesting a feedback regulation between IL-7/IL-7R and TNF-α cascades in myeloid cells that is linked to chronic disease progression. Investigations into the involved mechanism showed that IL-7 is a novel and potent chemoattractant that attracts IL-7R + monocytes through activation of the PI3K/AKT1 and ERK pathways at similar concentrations of IL-7 detected in RA synovial fluid. To determine whether ligation of IL-7 to IL-7R is a potential target for RA treatment and to identify their mechanism of action, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was therapeutically treated with anti–IL-7 Ab or IgG control. Anti–IL-7 Ab treatment significantly reduces CIA monocyte recruitment and osteoclast differentiation as well as potent joint monocyte chemoattractants and bone erosion markers, suggesting that both direct and indirect pathways might contribute to the observed effect. We also demonstrate that reduction in joint MIP-2 levels is responsible for suppressed vascularization detected in mice treated with anti–IL-7 Ab compared with the control group. To our knowledge, we show for the first time that expression of IL-7/IL-7R in myeloid cells is strongly correlated with RA disease activity and that ligation of IL-7 to IL-7R contributes to monocyte homing, differentiation of osteoclasts, and vascularization in the CIA effector phase.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 7
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    Rise and Fall of Kir2.2 Current by TLR4 Signaling in Human Monocytes: PKC-Dependent Trafficking and PI3K-Mediated PIP2 Decrease [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION] (2015)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-19
    Description: LPSs are widely used to stimulate TLR4, but their effects on ion channels in immune cells are poorly known. In THP-1 cells and human blood monocytes treated with LPS, inwardly rectifying K + channel current (I Kir,LPS ) newly emerged at 1 h, peaked at 4 h (–119 ± 8.6 pA/pF), and decayed afterward (–32 ± 6.7 pA/pF at 24 h). Whereas both the Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 mRNAs and proteins were observed, single-channel conductance (38 pS) of I Kir,LPS and small interfering RNA–induced knockdown commonly indicated Kir2.2 than Kir2.1. LPS-induced cytokine release and store-operated Ca 2+ entry were commonly decreased by ML-133, a Kir2 inhibitor. Immunoblot, confocal microscopy, and the effects of vesicular trafficking inhibitors commonly suggested plasma membrane translocation of Kir2.2 by LPS. Both I Kir,LPS and membrane translocation of Kir2.2 were inhibited by GF109203X (protein kinase C [PKC] inhibitor) or by transfection with small interfering RNA–specific PKC. Interestingly, pharmacological activation of PKC by PMA induced both Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 currents. The spontaneously decayed I Kir,LPS at 24 h was recovered by PI3K inhibitors but further suppressed by an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP 3 ) phosphatase (phosphatase and tensin homolog). However, I Kir,LPS at 24 h was not affected by Akt inhibitors, suggesting that the decreased phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate availability, that is, conversion into PIP 3 by PI3K, per se accounts for the decay of I Kir,LPS . Taken together, to our knowledge these data are the first demonstrations that I Kir is newly induced by TLR4 stimulation via PKC-dependent membrane trafficking of Kir2.2, and that conversion of phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate to PIP 3 modulates Kir2.2. The augmentation of Ca 2+ influx and cytokine release suggests a physiological role for Kir2.2 in TLR4-stimulated monocytes.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 8
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    Ligation of TLR5 Promotes Myeloid Cell Infiltration and Differentiation into Mature Osteoclasts in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Experimental Arthritis [CLINICAL AND HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY] (2014)
    The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-04
    Description: Our aim was to examine the impact of TLR5 ligation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and experimental arthritis pathology. Studies were conducted to investigate the role of TLR5 ligation on RA and mouse myeloid cell chemotaxis or osteoclast formation, and in addition, to uncover the significance of TNF-α function in TLR5-mediated pathogenesis. Next, the in vivo mechanism of action was determined in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and local joint TLR5 ligation models. Last, to evaluate the importance of TLR5 function in RA, we used anti-TLR5 Ab therapy in CIA mice. We show that TLR5 agonist, flagellin, can promote monocyte infiltration and osteoclast maturation directly through myeloid TLR5 ligation and indirectly via TNF-α production from RA and mouse cells. These two identified TLR5 functions are potentiated by TNF-α, because inhibition of both pathways can more strongly impair RA synovial fluid–driven monocyte migration and osteoclast differentiation compared with each factor alone. In preclinical studies, flagellin postonset treatment in CIA and local TLR5 ligation in vivo provoke homing and osteoclastic development of myeloid cells, which are associated with the TNF-α cascade. Conversely, CIA joint inflammation and bone erosion are alleviated when TLR5 function is blocked. We found that TLR5 and TNF-α pathways are interconnected, because TNF-α is produced by TLR5 ligation in RA myeloid cells, and anti–TNF-α therapy can markedly suppress TLR5 expression in RA monocytes. Our novel findings demonstrate that a direct and an indirect mechanism are involved in TLR5-driven RA inflammation and bone destruction.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1767
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Association of Immunologists (AAI)
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  • 9
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    Multi-site calibration using a grid-based event rainfall-runoff model: a case study of the upstream areas of the Nakdong River Basin in Korea (2014)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-10
    Description: Most runoff analyses using a grid-based distributed model use one parameter group calibrated at the outlet of a watershed, instead of dividing the watershed into subwatersheds. Significant differences between the observed value and the simulation result of the subwatersheds can occur if just one parameter group is used in all subwatersheds that have different hydrological characteristics from each other. Therefore, to improve the simulation results of the subwatersheds within a watershed, a model calibrated at every subwatershed needs to be used to reflect the characteristics of each subwatershed. In this study, different parameter groups were set up for one or two sites using a distributed model, the GRM (Grid based Rainfall-runoff Model), and the evaluations were based on the results of rainfall-runoff analysis, which uses a multi-site calibration (MSC) technique to calibrate the model at the outlet of each site. The Hyangseok watershed in Naeseong River, which is a tributary of Nakdong River in Korea, was chosen as the study area. The watershed was divided into 5 subwatersheds each with a subwatershed outlet that was applied to the calibration sites. The MSC was applied for 5 cases. When a site was added for calibration in a watershed, the runoff simulation showed better results than the calibration of only one site at the most downstream area of the watershed. The MSC approach could improve the simulation results on the calibrated sites and even on the non-calibrated sites, and the effects of MSC improved when the calibrated site was closer to the runoff site. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0885-6087
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-1085
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Published by Wiley-Blackwell
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  • 10
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    Electrodynamic properties of the semimetallic Dirac material $\mathrm{SrMnB}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}$: Two-carrier-model analysis (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-27
    Description: Author(s): H. J. Park, Byung Cheol Park, Min-Cheol Lee, D. W. Jeong, Joonbum Park, Jun Sung Kim, Hyo Seok Ji, J. H. Shim, K. W. Kim, S. J. Moon, Hyeong-Do Kim, Deok-Yong Cho, and T. W. Noh The electrodynamics of free carriers in the semimetallic Dirac material SrMnB i 2 was investigated using optical spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Using a two-carrier-model analysis, the total free-carrier response was successfully decomposed into individual contributions from Dirac ferm... [Phys. Rev. B 96, 155139] Published Thu Oct 26, 2017
    Keywords: Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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