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  • 1
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    General treatment for dark energy thermodynamics (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-06
    Description: Author(s): H. H. B. Silva, R. Silva, R. S. Gonçalves, Zong-Hong Zhu, and J. S. Alcaniz In this work we discuss a general approach for the dark energy thermodynamics considering a varying equation of state parameter of the type ω ( a )= ω 0 + F ( a ) and taking into account the role of a nonzero chemical potential μ . We derive generalized expressions for the entropy density, chemical potential, ... [Phys. Rev. D 88, 127302] Published Thu Dec 05, 2013
    Keywords: Astrophysics & Cosmology
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-4918
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution thermodynamics at high temperature. 1. Pr-diglycolate stability constants from 23 to 95°C (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 21 (1992), S. 213-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Praseodymium ; diglycolate ; complexation ; free energy ; high temperature ; spectroscopy ; fiber-optics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Instrumentation has been developed to perform liquid-phase optical absorption spectroscopy at elevated temperature within the restricted enclosure of a high-level radioactivity glovebox. Absorbance measurements of the praseodymium-diglycolate complex allowed the determination of thermodynamic stability constants for two or three metal-ligand complexes at temperatures of 23, 50, 65, 80, and 95°C and an ionic strength of IM (NaClO4). Agreement of these results with prior literature values at 25 and 50°C is very good and demonstrates the validity of the present technique. Over the temperature range of 5 to 95°C, the variation of the free energy of complexation is adequately described by functions linear with temperature for all three complexes. Reaction enthalpies and entropies were calculated from the data via the van't Hoff equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00647018
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A phase I–II study of gemcitabine and docetaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer: A report from the Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Cancer (GISCAD) (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 1377-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: docetaxel ; gemcitabine ; pancreatic cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Gemcitabine and docetaxel have been claimed to be active single agents in advanced pancreatic cancer. We determined the maximum tolerable dose of docetaxel combined with a weekly fixed dose of gemcitabine and assessed the activity of this combination in advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients and methods: Phase I. Patients were treated with gemcitabine on days 1 and 8, every three weeks, at a fixed dose of 1,000 mg/m2; docetaxel was given at escalating doses starting from 70 mg/m2 on day 8. Phase II. In accord with the optimal two-stage phase II study design, 18 patients were treated with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and the maximum tolerable dose of docetaxel (70 mg/m2). Results: Phase I. Dose-limiting toxicities occurred at the second dose level of docetaxel (80 mg/m2), with all three patients developing grades 3 or 4 neutropenia. Consequently, the dose tested in the phase II study was 70 mg/m2. Phase II. In the 18 patients enrolled in the study, we registered only one partial response. The time to progression was 3 months, and the median treatment survival was 5.4 months. Grade 3–4 toxicities consisted of neutropenia (three episodes) and thrombocytopenia (two episodes). Furthermore, 10 patients complained of grade 3 fatigue. Conclusions: The addition of docetaxel to gemcitabine does not appear to be useful in advanced pancreatic cancer, since gemcitabine alone achieves similar results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008394111533
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase II study (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 10 (1999), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; cisplatin ; gemcitabine ; NSCLC ; weekly administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin has proven effective in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the optimal schedule for administration of the two drugs has not yet been determined. In this study we evaluated the activity and toxicity of a weekly gemcitabine and cisplatin schedule. Patients and methods: Thirty-six untreated patients with stage IIIB–IV NSCLC entered the study. Treatment consisted of gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 i.v. and cisplatin 35 mg/m2 i.v., both given weekly on days 1, 8, and 15, followed by one week of rest. Results: Ninety-seven courses (273 weekly administrations) were delivered. The median dose-intensity was 612 mg/m2 per week for gemcitabine (82%) and 21 mg/m2 per week for cisplatin (80%). All 36 of the patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 30 for response. Partial remissions were observed in 12 patients, for an overall response rate of 40% (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 22.5%–57.5%). Most of the partial remissions were seen in IIIB patients (54% of the stage IIIB and 22% of the stage IV patients responded). According to the intent-to-treat principle, the response rate was 33.3% (12 of 36 patients). The median response duration was 9.9 months (range 4–23) and the median survival time 11.8 months (range 1–24). World Health Organization (WHO) grade 3–4 myelotoxicity was: thrombocytopenia in nine patients (25%), neutropenia in six (16.6%) and anemia in six (16.6%); there was very little additional major toxicity. Conclusions: This regimen appears to be active and to have a favourable toxicity profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008323604269
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A parameterization of radiative fluxes suitable for use in a statistical-dynamical model (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 69 (1998), S. 23-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary A parameterization of shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes derived from detailed radiative transfer models is included in a global primitive equation statistical-dynamical model (SDM) with two bulk atmospheric layers. The model is validated comparing the model simulations with the observed mean annual and seasonal zonally averaged climate. The results show that the simulation of the shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes matches well with the observations. The SDM variables such as surface and 500 hPa temperatures, zonal winds at 250 hPa and 750 hPa, vertical velocity at 500 hPa and precipitation are also in good agreement with the observations. A comparison between the results obtained with the present SDM and those with the previous version of the model indicates that the model results improved when the parameterization of the radiative fluxes based on detailed radiative transfer models are included into the SDM. The SDM is used to investigate its response to the greenhouse effect. Sensitivity experiments regarding the doubling of CO2 and the changing of the cloud amount and height are performed. In the case 2×CO2 the model results are consistent with those obtained from GCMs, showing a warming of the climate system. An enhancement of the greenhouse effect is also noted when the cloud layer is higher. However, an increase of the cloud amount in all the latitude belts provokes an increase of the surface temperature near poles and a decrease in all the other regions. This suggests that the greenhouse effect overcomes the albedo effect in the polar latitudes and the opposite occurs in other regions. In all the experiments the changes in the surface temperature are larger near poles, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01025181
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraparietal mesh repair for parastomal hernias (2000)
    Springer
    Hernia 4 (2000), S. 272-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Mesh Repair ; Parastomal hernia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herniation is a common long-term complication after a permanent stoma and the classical non-prosthetic repairs have a high recurrence rate. This type of hernia should be considered as incisional, so a prosthetic-based repair seems to be the best choice; nevertheless, the need for another laparotomy and the ideal plane to place the mesh remain debatable. We describe our initial experience with a novel technique for parastomal hernia repair that combines mesh 1 reinforcement with a local approach, thus avoiding a laparotomy. The anatomic disposition of the rectus sheath allows us to place a wide mesh in an intraparietal/anteromuscular plane, avoiding direct contact with the intestine and providing a reinforced wall. After 13 months of follow-up (3–20 months) our 3 patients have excellent results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201082
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary aortoduodenal fistulas in minimally aneurysmal aortas: imaging diagnosis (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Primary aortoduodenal fistula—Aortoduodenal fistula, imaging findings.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report on the utility of computed tomography (CT) in making the diagnosis of primary aortoduodenal fistulas in two cases presenting with massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In both cases, the clinical presentation was insidious, no pulsatile abdominal mass was palpated, and endoscopy findings were inconclusive. CT showed minimally aneurysmal aortas communicating with larger areas of contained rupture and pseudoaneurysm stretching adjacent small bowel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s002619910010
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of the uncertainty evaluation for the determination of metals in solid samples by atomic spectrometry (1998)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Uncertainty ; Validation ; Quality control ; Solid samples ; Atomic spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Every analytical result should be expressed with some indication of its quality. The uncertainty as defined by Eurachem ("parameter associated with the result of a measurement that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the, . . ., quantity subjected to measurement") is a good tool to accomplish this goal in quantitative analysis. Eurachem has produced a guide to the estimation of the uncertainty attached to an analytical result. Indeed, the estimation of the total uncertainty by using uncertainty propagation laws is components-dependent. The estimation of some of those components is based on subjective criteria. The identification of the uncertainty sources and of their importance, for the same method, can vary from analyst to analyst. It is important to develop tools which will support each choice and approximation. In this work, the comparison of an estimated uncertainty with an experimentally assessed one, through a variance test, is performed. This approach is applied to the determination by atomic absorption of manganese in digested samples of lettuce leaves. The total uncertainty estimation is calculated assuming 100% digestion efficiency with negligible uncertainty. This assumption was tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050210
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomy and computed tomography of the normal lumbosacral plexus (1987)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 29 (1987), S. 58-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Computed tomography ; Anatomy ; Peripheral nerve ; Lumbosacral plexus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The main nerves of the pelvis and lower limbs arise from the lumbar and sacral plexuses. These nerves can be affected by any of a large number of pathologic processes that occur in the paravertebral and pelvic regions. Understanding of the neurological findings related to paravertebral and pelvic pathology needs complete and accurate knowledge of the anatomy of these regions. The axial transverse sections of computed tomography give perfect visualisation of the anatomy of osseous, muscular, and vascular structures of the vertebral and paravertebral area and pelvic walls. Visualisation of the nerves in this regions is much more difficult, because direct demonstration of nervous structures by computed tomography is usually impossible. To be able to identify components of the lumbosacral plexus on axial CT sections the radiologist has to know the location of the nervous structures and the relationships of these structures to vascular, muscular and osseous structures which are easily demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341040
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naltrexone potentiates the anxiolytic effects of chlordiazepoxide in rats exposed to novel environments (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 147 (1999), S. 168-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Anxiety ; Elevated plus maze ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Naltrexone ; Novelty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Rationale: Both novelty and naloxone have been reported to modify the anxiolytic-like effect of benzodiazepines in the elevated plus maze. In addition, it has been largely demonstrated that novelty alters endogenous opioid activity. Objectives: The present study was designed to examine a possible interaction between novelty and naltrexone effects on the behavior of chlordiazepoxide-treated rats in two animal models of anxiety. Methods: Thirty minutes after acute intraperitoneal treatment with saline or naltrexone and saline or chlordiazepoxide, male Wistar rats were exposed for the first time to the elevated plus maze apparatus or the social interaction arena for the quantification of the percentage of time spent in the open arms or the time of active social interaction, respectively. The effects of naltrexone and/or chlordiazepoxide on the plus maze and the social interaction tests were also evaluated after previous exposure to the respective apparatus. Results: Naltrexone dose dependently increased the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze in chlordiazepoxide-treated (5 mg/kg i.p.) rats exposed for the first time to the apparatus. Similarly, naltrexone (5 mg/kg i.p.) increased the time spent in active social interaction by chlordiazepoxide-treated rats exposed to an unfamiliar arena. In both experiments, naltrexone had no effect when administered alone. When both the plus maze and the social interaction tests were conducted after previous exposure to the respective apparatus, naltrexone did not modify the behavior of chlordiazepoxide- or saline-treated rats. Conclusions: These data suggest that the anxiolytic-like effects of chlordiazepoxide can be modified by opioid mechanisms in novel environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130051157
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