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  • Articles  (17)
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  • Oxford University Press  (9)
  • American Physical Society (APS)  (8)
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  • Articles  (17)
  • OceanRep
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  • 1
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    Solving or resolving global tomographic models with spherical wavelets, and the scale and sparsity of seismic heterogeneity (2011)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2011-09-29
    Description: SUMMARY We propose a class of spherical wavelet bases for the analysis of geophysical models and for the tomographic inversion of global seismic data. Its multiresolution character allows for modelling with an effective spatial resolution that varies with position within the Earth. Our procedure is numerically efficient and can be implemented with parallel computing. We discuss two possible types of discrete wavelet transforms in the angular dimension of the cubed sphere. We describe benefits and drawbacks of these constructions and apply them to analyse the information in two published seismic wave speed models of the mantle, using the statistics of wavelet coefficients across scales. The localization and sparsity properties of wavelet bases allow finding a sparse solution to inverse problems by iterative minimization of a combination of the ℓ 2 norm of the data residuals and the ℓ 1 norm of the model wavelet coefficients. By validation with realistic synthetic experiments we illustrate the likely gains from our new approach in future inversions of finite-frequency seismic data.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
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    Recommended Patient-Reported Core Set of Symptoms to Measure in Prostate Cancer Treatment Trials (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-10
    Description: The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Symptom Management and Health-Related Quality of Life Steering Committee convened four working groups to recommend core sets of patient-reported outcomes to be routinely incorporated in clinical trials. The Prostate Cancer Working Group included physicians, researchers, and a patient advocate. The group’s process included 1) a systematic literature review to determine the prevalence and severity of symptoms, 2) a multistakeholder meeting sponsored by the NCI to review the evidence and build consensus, and 3) a postmeeting expert panel synthesis of findings to finalize recommendations. Five domains were recommended for localized prostate cancer: urinary incontinence, urinary obstruction and irritation, bowel-related symptoms, sexual dysfunction, and hormonal symptoms. Four domains were recommended for advanced prostate cancer: pain, fatigue, mental well-being, and physical well-being. Additional domains for consideration include decisional regret, satisfaction with care, and anxiety related to prostate cancer. These recommendations have been endorsed by the NCI for implementation.
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2105
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Signal integration by the CYP1A1 promoter -- a quantitative study (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-24
    Description: Genes involved in detoxification of foreign compounds exhibit complex spatiotemporal expression patterns in liver. Cytochrome P450 1A1 ( CYP1A1 ), for example, is restricted to the pericentral region of liver lobules in response to the interplay between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. However, the mechanisms by which the two pathways orchestrate gene expression are still poorly understood. With the help of 29 mutant constructs of the human CYP1A1 promoter and a mathematical model that combines Wnt/β-catenin and AhR signaling with the statistical mechanics of the promoter, we systematically quantified the regulatory influence of different transcription factor binding sites on gene induction within the promoter. The model unveils how different binding sites cooperate and how they establish the promoter logic; it quantitatively predicts two-dimensional stimulus-response curves. Furthermore, it shows that crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and AhR signaling is crucial to understand the complex zonated expression patterns found in liver lobules. This study exemplifies how statistical mechanical modeling together with combinatorial reporter assays has the capacity to disentangle the promoter logic that establishes physiological gene expression patterns.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Staging for distant metastases in operable breast cancer: a suggested expansion of the ESMO guideline recommendation for staging imaging of node-negative, hormonal receptor-negative disease (2013)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-01-23
    Description: We evaluated the impact of staging procedures to detect asymptomatic distant metastases (DM) in the management of women with operable invasive breast cancer (BC, entire cohort: n = 866). Out of 472 patients with lymph node (LN)-negative disease (pN0), DM were found in four cases (detection rate: 0.8%). All four patients presented with established risk factors: hormone receptor (HR)-negative status, HER2-positive status, n = 3; ‘triple-negative’ disease, n = 1. Considering the subgroup of LN-negative patients whose tumors showed the risk factor ‘negative HR status’ ( n = 66), the detection rate of DM was 6%. The detection rates of DM in higher pN categories were as follows: pN1:1.7%; pN2:9.5%; pN3:13.5%. We generally support the international guidelines, including those published by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) which emphasize that patients with early-stage BC do not profit from radiological staging for the detection of DM and recommend refraining from this. However, we would expand these guidelines and propose that screening should be carried out in node-negative patients whose tumors show established tumor-related risk factors (e.g. HR-negative and HER2-positive status), since in this particular subcohort, the detection rate of DM is with 6% similarly high as that of patients with four to nine positive LNs.
    Print ISSN: 0923-7534
    Electronic ISSN: 1569-8041
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Laguerre-Gaussian and beamlet array as second generation laser heater profiles (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-12
    Description: Author(s): Nikolas Liebster, Jingyi Tang, Daniel Ratner, Wei Liu, Sharon Vetter, Zhirong Huang, and Sergio Carbajo The microbunching instability is known to be detrimental to x-ray free electron laser performance. At the Linear Coherent Light Source, the microbunching instability is suppressed with a laser heater, which increases the uncorrelated energy spread of e-beam in the injector. While the current system ... [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 090701] Published Tue Sep 11, 2018
    Keywords: Synchrotron Radiation and Free-Electron Lasers
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    Controllable Non-Markovianity for a Spin Qubit in Diamond (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-11
    Description: Author(s): J. F. Haase, P. J. Vetter, T. Unden, A. Smirne, J. Rosskopf, B. Naydenov, A. Stacey, F. Jelezko, M. B. Plenio, and S. F. Huelga We present a flexible scheme to realize non-Markovian dynamics of an electronic spin qubit, using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond where the inherent nitrogen spin serves as a regulator of the dynamics. By changing the population of the nitrogen spin, we show that we can smoothly tune the non-Ma... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 060401] Published Thu Aug 09, 2018
    Keywords: General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 7
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    Flagellin Perception Varies Quantitatively in Arabidopsis thaliana and Its Relatives (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-16
    Description: Much is known about the evolution of plant immunity components directed against specific pathogen strains: They show pervasive functional variation and have the potential to coevolve with pathogen populations. However, plants are effectively protected against most microbes by generalist immunity components that detect conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and control the onset of PAMP-triggered immunity. In Arabidopsis thaliana , the receptor kinase flagellin sensing 2 (FLS2) confers recognition of bacterial flagellin (flg22) and activates a manifold defense response. To decipher the evolution of this system, we performed functional assays across a large set of A. thaliana genotypes and Brassicaceae relatives. We reveal extensive variation in flg22 perception, most of which results from changes in protein abundance. The observed variation correlates with both the severity of elicited defense responses and bacterial proliferation. We analyzed nucleotide variation segregating at FLS2 in A. thaliana and detected a pattern of variation suggestive of the rapid fixation of a novel adaptive allele. However, our study also shows that evolution at the receptor locus alone does not explain the evolution of flagellin perception; instead, components common to pathways downstream of PAMP perception likely contribute to the observed quantitative variation. Within and among close relatives, PAMP perception evolves quantitatively, which contrasts with the changes in recognition typically associated with the evolution of R genes.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    GATA4 Is a Critical Regulator of Gonadectomy-Induced Adrenocortical Tumorigenesis in Mice (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-12
    Description: In response to gonadectomy certain inbred mouse strains develop sex steroidogenic adrenocortical neoplasms. One of the hallmarks of neoplastic transformation is expression of GATA4, a transcription factor normally present in gonadal but not adrenal steroidogenic cells of the adult mouse. To show that GATA4 directly modulates adrenocortical tumorigenesis and is not merely a marker of gonadal-like differentiation in the neoplasms, we studied mice with germline or conditional loss-of-function mutations in the Gata4 gene. Germline Gata4 haploinsufficiency was associated with attenuated tumor growth and reduced expression of sex steroidogenic genes in the adrenal glands of ovariectomized B6D2F1 and B6AF1 mice. At 12 months after ovariectomy, wild-type B6D2F1 mice had biochemical and histological evidence of adrenocortical estrogen production, whereas Gata4 +/– B6D2F1 mice did not. Germline Gata4 haploinsufficiency exacerbated the secondary phenotype of postovariectomy obesity in B6D2F1 mice, presumably by limiting ectopic estrogen production in the adrenal glands. Amhr2 -cre-mediated deletion of floxed Gata4 ( Gata4 F ) in nascent adrenocortical neoplasms of ovariectomized B6.129 mice reduced tumor growth and the expression of gonadal-like markers in a Gata4 F dose-dependent manner. We conclude that GATA4 is a key modifier of gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia, postovariectomy obesity, and sex steroidogenic cell differentiation.
    Print ISSN: 0013-7227
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Endocrine Society.
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  • 9
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    Design of a 400 kV deep underground, high detector efficiency, high target density, high beam intensity accelerator facility (2011)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-10-05
    Description: Author(s): A. Lemut, M. Couder, D. Winklehner, U. Greife, A. Hodgkinson, D. Leitner, M. Leitner, J. S. Saba, P. A. Vetter, W. L. Waldron, and M. Wiescher [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14, 100101] Published Tue Oct 04, 2011
    Keywords: Low- and Intermediate-Energy Accelerators
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-4402
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 10
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    Developmental regulation of N-terminal H2B methylation in Drosophila melanogaster (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-28
    Description: Histone post-translational modifications play an important role in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression in vivo . Extensive studies investigated the post-translational modifications of the core histones H3 and H4 or the linker histone H1. Much less is known on the regulation of H2A and H2B modifications. Here, we show that a major modification of H2B in Drosophila melanogaster is the methylation of the N-terminal proline, which increases during fly development. Experiments performed in cultured cells revealed higher levels of H2B methylation when cells are dense, regardless of their cell cycle distribution. We identified dNTMT (CG1675) as the enzyme responsible for H2B methylation. We also found that the level of N-terminal methylation is regulated by dART8, an arginine methyltransferase that physically interacts with dNTMT and asymmetrically methylates H3R2. Our results demonstrate the existence of a complex containing two methyltransferases enzymes, which negatively influence each other’s activity.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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