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  • 1
    Keywords: Fuzzy sets-Congresses. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (505 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783319257839
    Series Statement: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series ; v.9437
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Organization -- Contents -- Rough Sets: The Experts Speak -- Decision-Oriented Rough Set Methods -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Decision-Oriented Rough Set Models and Methods -- 3 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives -- References -- On Generalized Decision Functions: Reducts, Networks and Ensembles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Generalized Decision Functions -- 3 Simplified Conditional Independence -- 4 Generalized Decision Measures -- 5 Embedded Decision Reducts -- 6 Ensembles of Complementary Reducts -- 7 Attribute Decomposition Problem -- 8 Heuristics and Boolean Representation -- 9 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Formalization of Medical Diagnostic Rules -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: Medical Diagnostic Process -- 2.1 RHINOS -- 2.2 Focusing Mechanism -- 3 Basics of Rule Definitions -- 3.1 Rough Sets -- 3.2 Classification Accuracy and Coverage -- 3.3 Probabilistic Rules -- 4 Formalization of Medical Diagnostic Rules -- 4.1 Deterministic Model -- 4.2 Probabilistic Model -- 5 New Rule Induction Model -- 6 Discussion: What Has Not Been Achieved? -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Multi-granularity Intelligent Information Processing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Multi-granularity Rough Set Theory -- 3 Multi-granularity Computing with Words -- 4 Multi-granularity Fuzzy Quotient Space Theory -- 5 Multi-granularity Cloud Model -- 6 Multi-granularity Clustering Based on Density Peaks -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Granular Structures Induced by Interval Sets and Rough Sets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interval Sets -- 2.1 Interval Sets and Interval-Set Algebras -- 2.2 Inclusion Relations in Interval Sets -- 2.3 Granular Structure in Interval Sets -- 3 The Granular Structure Based on Order Relation in Interval Sets -- 3.1 Preference -- 3.2 Interval Set Comparisons. , 4 Granular Structures in Interval Sets from Set-Theoretic Perspectives -- 4.1 Granular Structure for (I(2U),w) -- 4.2 Granular Structure for (I(2U),w+) -- 4.3 Granular Structure for (I(2U),p) -- 4.4 Granular Structure for (I(2U),c) -- 5 Connections of Rough Sets and Interval Sets -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Generalized Rough Sets -- Empirical Risk Minimization for Variable Consistency Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Variable Consistency Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach -- 3 Empirical Risk Minimization -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Rough Set Approximations in Multi-scale Interval Information Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Interval Information Systems -- 2.1 Information Systems -- 2.2 Interval Information Systems -- 3 Multi-scale Interval Information Systems -- 3.1 Multi-scale Information Systems -- 3.2 Multi-scale Interval Information Systems -- 4 Rough Set Approximations -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- A New Subsystem-Based Definition of Generalized Rough Set Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 A New Subsystem-Based Definition of Generalized Rough Set Model -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- A Comparison of Two Types of Covering-Based Rough Sets Through the Complement of Coverings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Relationships Between FL, FH and SL, SH Through the Complement of Coverings -- 3.1 Complementary Neighborhood -- 3.2 The Complement of a Covering and Relationships between the Two Types of Covering-Based Rough Sets -- 3.3 Conditions Under Which FH and SH Are Identical -- 4 Extension of a Covering -- 5 Matroidal Approach and the Exact Sets -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- On the Nearness Measures of Near Sets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 3 Nearness Measures -- 4 Strong Nearness Relations -- 5 Concluding Remarks -- References. , Topological Properties for Approximation Operators in Covering Based Rough Sets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Pawlak's Rough Set Approximations -- 2.2 Closures -- 2.3 Covering Based Rough Sets -- 2.4 Other Framework of Lower and Upper Approximations -- 2.5 New Framework of Approximation Operators -- 3 Topological Characterization of Upper Approximations -- 4 Algebraic and Topological Properties -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Rough Sets and Graphs -- Preclusivity and Simple Graphs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminary Notions -- 2.1 Graphs -- 2.2 Preclusivity Spaces -- 2.3 Formal Concept Analysis -- 3 Simple Graphs as Preclusivity Spaces -- 3.1 Two Basic Cases -- 4 The Cube of Opposition Generated by the Preclusive Relation -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Preclusivity and Simple Graphs: The n--cycle and n--path Cases -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminary Notions -- 2.1 Graphs -- 2.2 Preclusivity Spaces -- 2.3 Simple Graphs as Preclusivity Spaces -- 3 The Case of Cn -- 4 The Case of Pn -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Connectedness of Graph and Matroid by Covering-Based Rough Sets -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Definitions -- 2.1 Rough Set -- 2.2 Matroid -- 2.3 Graph -- 3 Covering Induced by Graph -- 4 The Connectedness of Matroid Induced by Covering -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Controllability in Directed Complex Networks: Granular Computing Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Definitions -- 2.1 Controllability of Complex Networks Based on the Linear System -- 2.2 Granular Computing -- 3 The Techniques to Enhance Controllability of Directed Complex Networks Based on GrC -- 4 Examples -- 5 Conclusions and Future Work -- References -- Rough and Fuzzy Hybridization -- Dynamic Maintenance of Rough Fuzzy Approximations with the Variation of Objects and Attributes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries. , 3 Matrix Representation of the Lower and Upper Approximations in the FDS -- 4 Dynamically Maintenance of Approximations in the FDS Under the Variation of Attributes and Objects -- 5 An Illustrative Example -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Semi-Supervised Fuzzy-Rough Feature Selection -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Rough and Fuzzy-Rough Set Theory -- 3 Semi-Supervised Fuzzy-Rough Feature Selection -- 4 Experimental Evaluation -- 4.1 Experimental Setup -- 4.2 Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Modified Generalised Fuzzy Petri Nets for Rule-Based Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Triangular Norms -- 2.2 Fuzzy Implications -- 3 Generalised Fuzzy Petri Nets -- 4 Modified Generalised Fuzzy Petri Nets -- 5 Example -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Fuzzy Rough Decision Trees for Multi-label Classification -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Related Works -- 2.1 Multi-label Decision Trees -- 2.2 Multi-label Feature Evaluation with Fuzzy Rough Sets -- 3 Multi-label Fuzzy Rough Decision Trees -- 4 Experiments -- 4.1 A Toy Example -- 4.2 Numerical Experiments -- 4.3 Experiment Results -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Axiomatic Characterizations of Reflexive and T-Transitive I-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Approximation Operators -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminaries -- 2.1 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Logical Operators -- 2.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets -- 3 Constructive Definitions of I-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Approximation Operators -- 4 Axioms of I-Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rough Approximation Operators -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Granular Computing -- Knowledge Supported Refinements for Rough Granular Computing: A Case of Life Insurance Industry -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preliminary -- 2.1 Rough Set Approach (RSA) and Extended Applications -- 2.2 DEMATEL-Based ANP (DANP) Method -- 3 Research Approach. , 3.1 Dominance-Based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) -- 3.2 DEMATEL-Based ANP Method (DANP) -- 3.3 Suggested Steps for the Proposed Approach -- 4 Empirical Case of Life Insurance Industry in Taiwan -- 4.1 Data -- 4.2 Knowledge-Supported Refinements of Approximation Spaces -- 5 Conclusion and Remarks -- References -- Building Granular Systems - from Concepts to Applications -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Information Granulation -- 3 Models of Granules -- 4 Models of Computing with Granules -- 5 Evaluation of Granular Systems -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- The Rough Granular Approach to Classifier Synthesis by Means of SVM -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Methodology -- 1.3 Granulation in Rough Mereology -- 1.4 Support Vector Machine Classifier -- 2 Optimized Concept Dependent -Granulation -- 3 Experimental Session -- 3.1 Results of Experiments -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Data Mining and Machine Learning -- The Boosting and Bootstrap Ensemble for Classifiers Based on Weak Rough Inclusions -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Theoretical Background of Our Classifiers -- 2 8_v1.1-8_v1.5 Classifiers -- 3 Classifiers Stabilisation Methods -- 3.1 Bootstrap Ensembles -- 3.2 Boosting Based on Arcing -- 3.3 Boosting Based on Ada-Boost with Monte Carlo Split -- 4 Experimental Session -- 4.1 The Results of Experiments -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Extraction of Off-Line Handwritten Characters Based on a Soft K-Segments for Principal Curves -- 1 Introduction -- 2 A Soft K-segments Algorithm for Principal Curves -- 2.1 Principal Curves -- 2.2 A Soft K-segments Algorithm for Principal Curves -- 3 Structural Extraction of Off-Line Handwritten Characters Based on a Soft K-segments Principal Curves -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- A Knowledge Acquisition Model Based on Formal Concept Analysis in Complex Information Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Notions of FCA. , 3 Classification Analysis in Domain of Attribute Based On GrC.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 37 (2004), S. 323-333 
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Under the assumption that both light and heavy quarkonia populate approximately linear Regge trajectories with the requirements of additivity of intercepts and inverse slopes, the masses of different meson multiplets are estimated. The predictions derived from the quasi-linear Regge trajectories are in reasonable agreement with those given by many other references.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 83 (1999), S. 581-598 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65k, 90c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. The method of shortest residuals (SR) was presented by Hestenes and studied by Pytlak. If the function is quadratic, and if the line search is exact, then the SR method reduces to the linear conjugate gradient method. In this paper, we put forward the formulation of the SR method when the line search is inexact. We prove that, if stepsizes satisfy the strong Wolfe conditions, both the Fletcher-Reeves and Polak-Ribière-Polyak versions of the SR method converge globally. When the Wolfe conditions are used, the two versions are also convergent provided that the stepsizes are uniformly bounded; if the stepsizes are not bounded, an example is constructed to show that they need not converge. Numerical results show that the SR method is a promising alternative of the standard nonlinear conjugate gradient method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 7 (1994), S. 313-323 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic inheritance Double fertilization ; Embryo sac Mitochondrial transmission ; Tobacco ; Sperm cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Serially sectioned embryo sacs of Nicotiana tabacum were examined during fertilization events using transmission electron microscopy. After pollen tube discharge, the outer membrane of the sperm pair is removed, the two sperm cells are deposited in the degenerate synergid and the sperm cells migrate to the chalazal edge of the synergid where gametic fusion occurs. During fertilization, the male cytoplasm, including heritable organelles, is transmitted into the female reproductive cells as shown by: (1) the cytoplasmic confluence of one sperm and the central cell during cellular fusion, (2) the occurrence of sperm mitochondria (distinguished by ultrastructural differences) in the zygote cytoplasm and adjacent to the sperm nucleus, (3) the presence of darkly stained aggregates which are found exclusively in mature sperm cells within the cytoplasm of both female cells soon after cell fusion, and (4) the absence of any large enucleated cytoplasmic bodies containing recognizable organelles outside the zygote or endosperm cells. The infrequent occurrence of plastids in the sperm and the transmission of sperm cytoplasm into the egg during double fertilization provide the cytological basis for occasional biparental plastid inheritance as reported previously in tobacco. Although sperm mitochondria are transmitted into the egg/zygote, their inheritance has not been detected genetically. In one abnormal embryo sac, a pair of sperm cells was released into the cytoplasm of the presumptive zygote. Although pollen tube discharge usually removes the inner pollen-tube plasma membrane containing the two sperm cells, this did not occur in this case. When sperm cells are deposited in a degenerating synergid or outside of a cell, this outer membrane is removed, as it apparently is for fertilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Generative cell ; Male germ unit Nicotiana tabacum ; Pollen tube ; Sperm cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Generative and sperm cells were examined at four stages of development from generative cell formation to sperm cell maturation using serial transmission electron microscopy. The generative cell and vegetative nucleus are associated in a male germ unit association during pollen maturation and tube elongation, except for generative cell mitosis. At late stages of prophase, this association loosens; the generative cell separates from the vegetative nucleus at metaphase. Slender, unbranched, or occasionally branched projections may be found at one or both ends of the generative cell, or they may be single, blunt, and short. Slender projections are rare during anaphase and telophase. The vegetative nucleus moves back into apposition with one sperm cell at the end of mitosis. During the re-establishment of the association, the vegetative nucleus first touches the end of the leading sperm cell and then moves next to the middle of the sperm nucleus. As the sperm cells enter interphase, a conventional association is re-established between one cell and the vegetative nucleus through one or more long and slender cytoplasmic extensions; these associations are maintained throughout later passage in the pollen tube. During maturation, a significant increase occurs in the surface area of the sperm cells (particularly in the sperm cell in association with the vegetative nucleus), and a lesser increase in nuclear volume and surface area. Other sperm cell parameters, including those of heritable organelles, remain unchanged during sperm cell maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 165-167 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Autophagy ; Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Generative cell ; Nicotiana (reproductive cells) ; Plastid diminution ; Sperm cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The dynamics of plastid and mitochondrial populations in male reproductive cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were examined during development using serial ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscopy to reconstruct 58 generative cells and 31 sperm cells at selected stages of maturation from generative cell formation through gametic fusion. The first haploid mitosis resulted in incomplete exclusion of plastids providing an average of 2.81 plastids and 82.7 mitochondria for each newly formed generative cell. During generative-cell maturation, plastid content decreased to an average of 0.48 plastids/generative cell at anthesis owing to autophagy of organelles. Plastids were present in low frequency within generative and sperm cells in the pollen tube and appeared to be transmitted, according to observations immediately prior to fertilization. This forms a cytological basis for genetic reports of occasional biparental plastid inheritance. In contrast, mitochondria were transmitted in larger numbers, and approximately 80 mitochondria per generative cell or sperm cell pair were retained throughout development. This provides a potentially stable source for the transmission of male mitochondrial DNA, if present at fertilization.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: food intake ; melanocortin-4 receptor ; metabolic rate ; MT-II
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated the role of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC-4R) in the control of metabolic rate and food intake in mice. Intraperitoneal administration of the non-selective MC-R agonist melanotan II (MT-II; a cyclic heptapeptide) increases metabolic rate in wildtype mice, while MC-4R knockout mice are insensitive to the effects of MT-II on metabolic rate. MC-4R knockout mice are also insensitive to the effects of MT-II on reducing food intake. We conclude that MC-4R can mediate control of both metabolic rate and food intake in mice. We infer that a role for MC-3R in mediating the acute effects of MT-II on basal metabolic rate and food intake in wildtype mice seems limited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 152 (1989), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Male germ unit ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Pollen tube ; Sperm cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure of sperm cells and their association with the vegetative nucleus in pollen tubes ofNicotiana tabacum grown in styles were observed with the electron microscope, demonstrating the existence of a male germ unit. The two sperm cells are arranged in tandem and are closely associated with the vegetative nucleus, which always takes the lead. The leading sperm cell (SC 1) has a long and narrow cytoplasmic projection which lies within the enclaves of the much lobed vegetative nucleus, thus forming a physical association. The trailing sperm cell (SC 2) and the SC 1 are not only joined by a common transverse cell wall but also are surrounded by a periplasm bounded by the plasma membrane of the sperm cells and that of the vegetative cell, thus forming a structural connection. The sperm cells are elongated, with cytoplasmic projections at the anterior end of the SC 1 and at both ends of the SC 2. The cytoplasm of both sperm cells includes mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, dictyosomes, ribosomes, small vacuoles and axially oriented microtubules. No plastids were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 147 (1988), S. 55-63 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Generative cell ; Sperm cell ; Treetomato ; Ultrastructure ; Vegetative nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure of the generative cell and its association with the vegetative nucleus in the pollen tube ofCyphomandra betacea Sendt. were observed with the electron microscope. The generative cell, bounded by its own plasma membrane and the inner plasma membrane of the vegetative cell, possesses the cytoplasmic extension which lies within the embayments of a vegetative nucleus. The generative cell contains the normal complement of organelles and, especially, microtubules which cluster into several groups adjacent to the plasma membrane, oriented along the longitudinal axis of the cell. In the pollen tube reaching the lower end of the style aftersemivivo pollination, both of the sperm cells are elongated and polyribosomes and microtubules are the outstanding feature in the cytoplasm. The two sperm cells are connected by a common transverse cell wall, while cytoplasmic channels exist in both the periplasm of the two sperm cells and the transverse wall. The leading sperm cell (Svn) is closely associated with the vegetative nucleus. Thus the present study demonstrates the existence of the male germ unit in the pollen tube ofC. betacea. The possible cytoplasmic continuity between the sperm cells and between the gametes and vegetative cell is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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