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  • American Meteorological Society  (9)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2006-04-15), p. 1365-1387
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 8 ( 2006-04-15), p. 1365-1387
    Abstract: The Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) is an important part of the earth's climate system. Previous research has shown large uncertainties in simulating future changes in this critical system. The simulated THC response to idealized freshwater perturbations and the associated climate changes have been intercompared as an activity of World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Paleo-Modeling Intercomparison Project (CMIP/PMIP) committees. This intercomparison among models ranging from the earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) to the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) seeks to document and improve understanding of the causes of the wide variations in the modeled THC response. The robustness of particular simulation features has been evaluated across the model results. In response to 0.1-Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) freshwater input in the northern North Atlantic, the multimodel ensemble mean THC weakens by 30% after 100 yr. All models simulate some weakening of the THC, but no model simulates a complete shutdown of the THC. The multimodel ensemble indicates that the surface air temperature could present a complex anomaly pattern with cooling south of Greenland and warming over the Barents and Nordic Seas. The Atlantic ITCZ tends to shift southward. In response to 1.0-Sv freshwater input, the THC switches off rapidly in all model simulations. A large cooling occurs over the North Atlantic. The annual mean Atlantic ITCZ moves into the Southern Hemisphere. Models disagree in terms of the reversibility of the THC after its shutdown. In general, the EMICs and AOGCMs obtain similar THC responses and climate changes with more pronounced and sharper patterns in the AOGCMs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3689.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Some Characteristics of the Kelvin-Helmholtz and Resonant Overreflection Modes of Shear Flow Instability and of Their Interaction through Vortex Pairing
    American Meteorological Society ; 1979
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 36, No. 12 ( 1979-12), p. 2394-2412
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 12 ( 1979-12), p. 2394-2412
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1979)036〈2394:SCOTKH〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Initial Intercomparison of Atmospheric and Oceanic Climatology for the ICE-5G and ICE-4G Models of LGM Paleotopography
    American Meteorological Society ; 2006
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2006-01-01), p. 3-14
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2006-01-01), p. 3-14
    Abstract: This paper investigates the impact of the new ICE-5G paleotopography dataset for Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) conditions on a coupled model simulation of the thermal and dynamical state of the glacial atmosphere and on both land surface and sea surface conditions. The study is based upon coupled climate simulations performed with the ocean–atmosphere–sea ice model of intermediate-complexity Climate de Bilt-coupled large-scale ice–ocean (ECBilt-Clio) model. Four simulations focusing on the Last Glacial Maximum [21 000 calendar years before present (BP)] have been analyzed: a first simulation (LGM-4G) that employed the original ICE-4G ice sheet topography and albedo, and a second simulation (LGM-5G) that employed the newly constructed ice sheet topography, denoted ICE-5G, and its respective albedo. Intercomparison of the results obtained in these experiments demonstrates that the LGM-5G simulation delivers significantly enhanced cooling over Canada compared to the LGM-4G simulation whereas positive temperature anomalies are simulated over southern North America and the northern Atlantic. Moreover, introduction of the ICE-5G topography is shown to lead to a deceleration of the subtropical westerlies and to the development of an intensified ridge over North America, which has a profound effect upon the hydrological cycle. Additionally, two flat ice sheet experiments were carried out to investigate the impact of the ice sheet albedo on global climate. By comparing these experiments with the full LGM simulations, it becomes evident that the climate anomalies between LGM-5G and LGM-4G are mainly driven by changes of the earth’s topography.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0442 , 0894-8755
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI3603.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resonant Parallel Shear Instability in the Stably Stratified Planetary Boundary Layer
    American Meteorological Society ; 1976
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 1976-07), p. 1287-1300
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 7 ( 1976-07), p. 1287-1300
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033〈1287:RPSIIT〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulations of Mid-Holocene Climate Using an Atmospheric General Circulation Model
    American Meteorological Society ; 1998
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 1998-10), p. 2607-2627
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 1998-10), p. 2607-2627
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011〈2607:SOMHCU〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Dissipation on Parallel Shear Instability near the Ground
    American Meteorological Society ; 1977
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 34, No. 12 ( 1977-12), p. 1868-1884
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 34, No. 12 ( 1977-12), p. 1868-1884
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034〈1868:EODOPS〉2.0.CO;2
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 1977
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Enhanced Abyssal Diapycnal Mixing on Stratification and the Ocean Overturning Circulation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Physical Oceanography Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 2580-2597
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 45, No. 10 ( 2015-10), p. 2580-2597
    Abstract: The meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is composed of interconnected overturning cells that transport cold dense abyssal waters formed at high latitudes back to the surface. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in setting the rate and patterns of the various overturning cells that constitute the MOC. The focus of the analyses in this paper will be on the influence of sharp vertical variations in mixing on the MOC and ocean stratification. Mixing is enhanced close to the ocean bottom topography where internal waves generated by the interaction of tides and geostrophic motions with topography break. It is shown that the sharp vertical variations in mixing lead to the formation of three layers with different dynamical balances governing meridional flow. Specifically, an abyssal bottom boundary layer forms above the ocean floor where mixing is largest and hosts the northward transport of the heaviest waters from the southern channel to the closed basins. A deep layer forms above the bottom layer in which the upwelled waters return south. A third adiabatic layer lies above the other two. While the adiabatic layer has been studied in detail in recent years, the deep and bottom layers are less appreciated. It is shown that the bottom layer, which is not resolved or allowed for in most idealized models, must be present to satisfy the no flux boundary condition at the ocean floor and that its thickness is set by the vertical profile of mixing. The deep layer spans a considerable depth range of the ocean within which the stratification scale is set by mixing, in line with the classic view of Munk in 1966.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3670 , 1520-0485
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0039.1
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042184-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 184162-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improving SCIPUFF Dispersion Forecasts with NWP Ensembles
    American Meteorological Society ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 48, No. 11 ( 2009-11-01), p. 2305-2319
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 48, No. 11 ( 2009-11-01), p. 2305-2319
    Abstract: The relationships between atmospheric transport and dispersion (AT & D) plume uncertainty and uncertainties in the transporting wind fields are investigated using the Second-Order Closure, Integrated Puff (SCIPUFF) AT & D model driven by numerical weather prediction (NWP) meteorological fields. Modeled contaminant concentrations for episode 1 of the 1983 Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX-83) are compared with recorded ground-level concentrations of the inert tracer gas C7F14. This study evaluates a Taylor-diffusion-based parameterization of dispersion uncertainty for SCIPUFF that uses Eulerian meteorological ensemble velocity statistics and a Lagrangian integral time scale as input. These values are diagnosed from NWP ensemble data. Individual simulations of the tracer release fail to reproduce some of the monitored surface concentrations of the tracer. The plumes that are predicted using the uncertainty model in SCIPUFF are broader, improving the overlap between the predicted and observed results. Augmenting the meteorological input to SCIPUFF with meteorological ensemble-uncertainty parameters therefore provides both a better estimate of the expected plume location and the relative uncertainties in the predicted concentrations than single deterministic forecasts. These results suggest that this new parameterization of NWP wind field uncertainty for dispersion may provide more sophisticated information that may benefit emergency response and decision making.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2009JAMC2171.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Parameterizing Mesoscale Wind Uncertainty for Dispersion Modeling
    American Meteorological Society ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 49, No. 8 ( 2010-08-01), p. 1604-1614
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 49, No. 8 ( 2010-08-01), p. 1604-1614
    Abstract: A parameterization of numerical weather prediction uncertainty is presented for use by atmospheric transport and dispersion models. The theoretical development applies Taylor dispersion concepts to diagnose dispersion metrics from numerical wind field ensembles, where the ensemble variability approximates the wind field uncertainty. This analysis identifies persistent wind direction differences in the wind field ensemble as a leading source of enhanced “virtual” dispersion, and thus enhanced uncertainty for the ensemble-mean contaminant plume. This dispersion is characterized by the Lagrangian integral time scale for the grid-resolved, large-scale, “outer” flow that is imposed through the initial and boundary conditions and by the ensemble deviation-velocity variance. Excellent agreement is demonstrated between an explicit ensemble-mean contaminant plume generated from a Gaussian plume model applied to the individual wind field ensemble members and the modeled ensemble-mean plume formed from the one Gaussian plume simulation enhanced with the new ensemble dispersion metrics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8432 , 1558-8424
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/2010JAMC2396.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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