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  • American Meteorological Society  (7)
  • Physics  (7)
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  • American Meteorological Society  (7)
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  • Physics  (7)
RVK
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Assessment of COSMIC Radio Occultation Data and TIMED/SABER Satellite Data over China
    American Meteorological Society ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Vol. 54, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 1931-1943
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 54, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 1931-1943
    Abstract: The accuracy of temperature data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation and Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics, and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) observation over China is analyzed. High-resolution sounding data are used to assess the accuracy of these two kinds of satellite observation data at corresponding heights, and the two sets of data are compared in the height range 15–40 km. Very good agreement between radiosondes and COSMIC is observed in the stratosphere. In the troposphere COSMIC temperatures are about 2 K higher than the radiosonde observations. SABER detection at 15–32 km agrees well with a maximum warm bias of ~2 K around 25-km altitude. The comparison between SABER and COSMIC for altitudes 15–40 km also indicates higher temperatures of SABER in the lower stratosphere. The standard deviations are all greater than 2.5 K and are larger near 15 km and smallest at 20 km. The temperature deviation and in particular the standard deviation comparing SABER and COSMIC changes with altitude, season, and latitude. The results of this comparative assessment can offer a basis for research into the application of COSMIC and TIMED/SABER over China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8424 , 1558-8432
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0151.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial variations of North Atlantic landfalling tropical cyclone wind speed decay over the continental United States
    American Meteorological Society ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology ( 2021-04-22)
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, American Meteorological Society, ( 2021-04-22)
    Abstract: Understanding tropical cyclone wind speed decay during the post-landfall stage is critical for inland hazard preparation. This paper examines the spatial variation of wind speed decay of tropical cyclones over the continental United States. We find that tropical cyclones making landfall over the Gulf Coast decay faster within the first 24 hours after landfall than those making landfall over the Atlantic East Coast. The variation of the decay rate over the Gulf Coast remains larger than that over the Atlantic East Coast for tropical cyclones that had made landfall more than 24 hours prior. Besides an average weaker tropical cyclone landfall intensity, the near-parallel trajectory and the proximity of storms to the coastline also help to explain the slower post-landfall wind speed decay for Atlantic East Coast landfalling tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones crossing the Florida peninsula only slowly weaken after landfall, with an average of less than 20% post-landfall wind speed drop while transiting the state. The existence of these spatial variations also brings into question the utility of a uniform wind decay model. While weak intensity decay over the Florida peninsula is well estimated by the uniform wind decay model, the error from the uniform wind decay model increases with tropical cyclones making direct landfall more parallel to the Atlantic East Coast. The underestimation of inland wind speed by the uniform wind decay model found over the western Gulf Coast brings attention to the role of land-air interactions in the decay of inland tropical cyclones.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1558-8424 , 1558-8432
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0199.1
    RVK:
    UA 4547
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227779-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2227759-6
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    El Niño–Related Summer Precipitation Anomalies in Southeast Asia Modulated by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
    American Meteorological Society ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 32, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15), p. 7971-7987
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 32, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15), p. 7971-7987
    Abstract: How the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) affects El Niño–related signals in Southeast Asia is investigated in this study on a subseasonal scale. Based on observational and reanalysis data, as well as numerical model simulations, El Niño–related precipitation anomalies are analyzed for AMO positive and negative phases, which reveals a time-dependent modulation of the AMO. 1) In May–June, the AMO influences the precipitation in southern China (SC) and the Indochina peninsula (ICP) by modulating the El Niño–related air–sea interaction over the western North Pacific (WNP). During negative AMO phases, cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the WNP favor the maintaining of the WNP anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC). The associated southerly (westerly) anomalies on the northwest (southwest) flank of the WNPAC enhance (reduce) the climatological moisture transport to SC (the ICP) and result in wetter (drier) than normal conditions. In contrast, during positive AMO phases, weak SSTAs over the WNP lead to limited influence of El Niño on precipitation in Southeast Asia. 2) In July–August, the teleconnection impact from the North Atlantic is more manifest than that in May–June. During positive AMO phases, the warmer than normal North Atlantic favors anomalous wave trains, which propagate along the “great circle route” and result in positive pressure anomalies over SC, consequently suppressing precipitation in SC and the ICP. During negative AMO phases, the anomalous wave trains tend to propagate eastward from Europe to Northeast Asia along the summer Asian jet, exerting limited influence on Southeast Asia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0049.1
    DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0049.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Interdecadal Shift of ENSO Properties in 1999/2000: A Review
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 33, No. 11 ( 2020-06-01), p. 4441-4462
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 11 ( 2020-06-01), p. 4441-4462
    Abstract: Following the interdecadal shift of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) properties that occurred in 1976/77, another regime shift happened in 1999/2000 that featured a decrease of variability and an increase in ENSO frequency. Specifically, the frequency spectrum of Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature shifted from dominant variations at quasi-quadrennial (~4 yr) periods during 1979–99 to weaker fluctuations at quasi-biennial (~2 yr) periods during 2000–18. Also, the spectrum of warm water volume (WWV) index had almost no peak in 2000–18, implying a nearly white noise process. The regime shift was associated with an enhanced zonal gradient of the mean state, a westward shift in the atmosphere–ocean coupling in the tropical Pacific, and an increase in the static stability of the troposphere. This shift had several important implications. The whitening of the subsurface ocean temperature led to a breakdown of the relationship between WWV and ENSO, reducing the efficacy of WWV as a key predictor for ENSO and thus leading to a decrease in ENSO prediction skill. Another consequence of the higher ENSO frequency after 1999/2000 was that the forecasted peak of sea surface temperature anomaly often lagged that observed by several months, and the lag increased with the lead time. The ENSO regime shift may have altered ENSO influences on extratropical climate. Thus, the regime shift of ENSO in 1999/2000 as well as the model default may account for the higher false alarm and lower skill in predicting ENSO since 1999/2000.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0316.1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulated Impact of the Tibetan Glacier Expansion on the Eurasian Climate and Glacial Surface Mass Balance during the Last Glacial Maximum
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 33, No. 15 ( 2020-08-01), p. 6491-6509
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 33, No. 15 ( 2020-08-01), p. 6491-6509
    Abstract: Glaciers over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding regions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were much more extensive than during the preindustrial period (PI). The climate impact of such glacial expansion is studied here using the Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4). To cover the range of uncertainty in glacier area during the LGM, the following three values are tested: 0.35 × 106, 0.53 × 106, and 0.70 × 106 km2. The added glacier is distributed approximately equally over the Pamir region and the Himalayas. If 0.70 × 106 km2 is used, the annual mean surface temperature of the glaciated regions would be cooled by ~3.5°C. The annual mean precipitation would be reduced by 0.2 mm day−1 (10%) and 2.5 mm day−1 (24%) over the Pamir region and Himalayas, respectively. The surface mass balance (SMB) of the glaciers changes by 0.55 m yr−1 (280%) and −0.32 m yr−1 (−20%) over the two regions, respectively. The changes in SMB remain large (0.29 and −0.13 m yr−1), even if the area of the Tibetan glacier were 0.35 × 106 km2. Therefore, based on the results of this particular model, the expansion of glaciers can either enhance or slow the glacial growth. Moreover, the expansion of glaciers over the Himalayas reduces summer precipitation in central and northern China by ~0.5 mm day−1 and increases summer precipitation in southern Asia by ~0.6 mm day−1. The expansion of glaciers over the Pamir region has a negligible influence on the precipitation in these monsoonal regions, which is likely due to its large distance from the main monsoonal regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0763.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-19-0763.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Principal Modes of Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall over South China during the Presummer Rainy Season
    American Meteorological Society ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Climate Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2023-04-15), p. 2457-2470
    Details
    In: Journal of Climate, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 36, No. 8 ( 2023-04-15), p. 2457-2470
    Abstract: The principal modes of the diurnal cycle of rainfall (DCR) over South China during the presummer rainy season are examined using 23-yr satellite observations and reanalysis data. Three distinctly different DCR modes are identified via empirical orthogonal function analysis, that is, the early-afternoon precipitation (EAP) mode, the late-afternoon precipitation (LAP) mode, and the morning precipitation (MP) mode. Under the EAP mode, the rainfall starts to increase from midnight and reaches its peak in the early afternoon. The nocturnal to morning rainfall generally concentrates on the northeastern Pearl River delta (PRD) and along the coastline. The coastal rainfall is initiated from the convergence zone induced by the strong onshore wind and is further enhanced via the establishment of a land breeze in the early morning. The northeastern PRD center is mainly attributed to the windward mechanical lifting associated with the strong low-level wind. The afternoon rainfall is pronounced over inland areas and exhibits significantly regional diversity. The eastern inland rainfall develops from the early-morning rainfall over the northeastern PRD, whereas the eastward-propagating rain belts associated with frontal activities are responsible for the formation of western inland rainfall. The LAP mode features a late-afternoon peak, which is triggered and developed locally with favorable thermal–dynamic conditions over western inland South China. The MP mode exhibits a single early-morning peak. Nocturnal to morning rainfall is prominent on the northeastern PRD and near-offshore region. The near-offshore rainfall is basically induced by the convergence between the onshore wind and land breeze in the early morning, which further propagates far offshore in the morning due to effects of gravity waves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0894-8755 , 1520-0442
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0284.1
    DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-22-0284.s1
    RVK:
    UA 4548
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 246750-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2021723-7
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vertical Variability of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Typhoons Observed at the Shenzhen 356-m Meteorological Tower
    American Meteorological Society ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Vol. 77, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 4171-4187
    Details
    In: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 77, No. 12 ( 2020-12), p. 4171-4187
    Abstract: Raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics at various altitudes in two landfalling typhoons in 2017 (Hato and Pakhar) were investigated by using laser-optical disdrometers mounted at four altitudes (10, 40, 160, and 320 m) of the Shenzhen 356-m meteorological tower. Significant differences of the DSD and derived parameters, mass-weighted mean diameter ( D m ), normalized intercept parameter ( N W ), and standard deviation of the mass distribution σ m , were observed at different altitudes for the two typhoons, while the rainwater content between the four altitudes had no statistically significant differences. The low-altitude DSDs had more midsize drops (1 〈 D 〈 3 mm), fewer large drops ( D 〉 3 mm), and narrower distribution widths than the high-altitude ones, while the concentration of small drops varied nonlinearly with height. The value of N W decreased with height, while D m and σ m increased with height. The gamma distribution parameters N 0 , μ , and Λ are found to increase with decreasing height. Both the derived μ –Λ and Z – R relations were significantly varied in different altitudes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-4928 , 1520-0469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0043.1
    RVK:
    UA 4800
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218351-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025890-2
    SSG: 16,13
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